Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 40

“Comfort, comfort my people, says your God. Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and cry to her that her warfare is ended, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she has received from the LORD’s hand double for all her sins. A voice cries: ‘In the wilderness prepare the way of the LORD; make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill be made low; the uneven ground shall become level, and the rough places a plain. And the glory of the LORD shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together, for the mouth of the LORD has spoken.’ A voice says, ‘Cry!’ And I said, ‘What shall I cry?’ All flesh is grass, and all its beauty is like the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades when the breath of the LORD blows on it; surely the people are grass. The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word of our God will stand forever.” (Isaiah 40:1–8, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 2:22-38

“And when the time came for their purification according to the Law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord (as it is written in the Law of the Lord, ‘Every male who first opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord’) and to offer a sacrifice according to what is said in the Law of the Lord, ‘a pair of turtledoves, or two young pigeons.’ Now there was a man in Jerusalem, whose name was Simeon, and this man was righteous and devout, waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. And it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. And he came in the Spirit into the temple, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him according to the custom of the Law, he took him up in his arms and blessed God and said, ‘Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in peace, according to your word; for my eyes have seen your salvation that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel.’ And his father and his mother marveled at what was said about him. And Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, ‘Behold, this child is appointed for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed (and a sword will pierce through your own soul also), so that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed.’ And there was a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived with her husband seven years from when she was a virgin, and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She did not depart from the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. And coming up at that very hour she began to give thanks to God and to speak of him to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem. And when they had performed everything according to the Law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth. And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom. And the favor of God was upon him.” (Luke 2:22–40, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

I wonder if you remember the story of the birth and early life of Samuel. He was the prophet who ministered to Isarel under the Old Covenant, who anointed Isarel’s first king, Saul, and then King David after him. Do you remember the story of Samuel’s birth? It is told in 1 Samuel 1. Samuel was born to a woman named Hannah who was previously barren. She prayed to the Lord and asked for a son. And she made a vow that if she had a son, she would give him to Lord by bringing him to the tabernacle (also called “temple”) to serve thereafter he was weaned. And all of this happened. Miraculously, Hannah conceived and gave birth. And after the boy was weaned she brought him to the tabernacle to give him up to the Lord’s service. When Hannah gave him to the Lord, she sang a song. It is recorded for us in 1 Samuel 2. And we have noticed in our study of Luke’s gospel that the song that Mary the mother of Jesus sang, as recorded in Luke 1:46-55, was very similar to the one that Hannah sang, those many hundreds of years earlier. 

We have already concluded that Luke wants us to connect the stories of the birth of Jesus to Mary, with the birth of Samuel to Hannah. Samuel was born to a barren woman, which is miraculous. Jesus was born to a virgin, which is, of course, even more of a miracle. Samuel was a prophet who served at the tabernacle in the presence of the priest Eli, and was called by God to anoint the first king of Israel, Saul, and then the greatest king of Israel, David. But Jesus would not merely serve at the temple – he was the fulfillment of the temple. And consider this: Jesus was not merely a prophet, ministering among priests, who anointed earthly kings. No, Jesus is the anointed One of God, the Messiah, in whom Samuel hoped. He is the prophet of God, the great high priest of the New Covenant, and the King – the promised Son of David – whose throne and kingdom will have no end. 

Samuel a was very significant figure. He was a great prophet closely associated with the temple, the priesthood, and the Davidic kings. It is no wonder, then, that Luke wants us to make a connection between the birth of Jesus the Messiah, and Samuel the prophet, for Samuel was a type of the Christ to come.  

I mention all of this now because the passage that is before us today here in Luke 2:22-40 mirrors the story that is told in 1 Samuel 1:24 -2:26. Consider these three points of contact: One, just as Hannah took the boy Samuel to the temple to present him to the Lord and offer sacrifices “so that [Samuel might] appear in the presence of the LORD and dwell there forever” (1 Samuel 1:22, 24-28), so too Mary and Joseph “brought [Jesus] up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord…and to offer a sacrifice according to what is said in the Law of the Lord…” (Luke 2:22–24, ESV). Two, just as Samuel was received at the temple by a priest named Eli who was advanced in years, so too Jesus was received (recognized and prophesied over) at the temple by two who were righteous, devout, and advanced in years – Simeon and Anna. Three, the two texts make the same remark regarding the ongoing development of Samuel and Jesus. Of Samuel it was said, “And the boy Samuel grew in the presence of the LORD” (1 Samuel 2:21, ESV). And, “Now the boy Samuel continued to grow both in stature and in favor with the LORD and also with man” (1 Samuel 2:26, ESV). Of Jesus it was said, “And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom. And the favor of God was upon him.” (Luke 2:40, ESV)

I trust that you are able to see the points of contact between the Hannah/Samuel story as recorded in 1 Samuel 1 & 2 and the Mary/Jesus story as recorded in Luke 1 & 2. Both involve miraculous conceptions. Both mothers sing songs of praise, and the songs are very similar. Both mothers bring their boys to the temple in obedience to the law of Moses and, each in their own way, offer their sons up to the service of God. In both instances, the boys are received at the temple, each in their own way, by men (and in Jesus’ case, a man and woman) who were righteous, devout, and advanced in years, who longed to see the promised Messiah. Finally, both children are said to have grown in the presence of God.

That there are strong literary connections between these two passages of Scripture should be obvious to all. The question is, why bother to make note of these connections? Answer: because Luke wants us to notice these connections. If he did not care about these connections, then he would not have written his gospel in the way that he did! And more than this, given our belief in the inspiration of the Holy Scriptures, we must say that God wants us to make these connections. But again I ask, why? 

Let us first say that it is not to fill our minds with meaningless facts. 1 Samuel 1 & 2 mirror Luke 1 & 2. As interesting as that fact is, we are after the meaning or significance of that fact. What does it mean? What did Luke intend to communicate when he crafted his gospel in this way? Well, he wants us to view the life and work of Jesus the Messiah against the backdrop of the life and work the Samuel the prophet. 

As has been said, Samuel ministered at the temple as a prophet, with the priests, and as a kind of king – he judged Israel, after all. In this way, Samuel prefigured Jesus the Messiah, who would establish God’s eternal temple as the great Prophet, Priest, and King of the New Covenant people of God. And do not forget that it was Samuel whom the Lord used to reject Saul and to anoint David as king over Isarel. “The LORD said to Samuel, ‘How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil, and go. I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have provided for myself a king among his sons” (1 Samuel 16:1, ESV). These words found their immediate fulfillment in the anointing of Jesse’s son, David, as king over Israel. These words found their ultimate fulfillment in the Holy Spirit’s anointing of Jesus Christ – the son of David, the son of Mary, born in Bethlehem, the city of David, and laid in a manger – for he is the promised Messiah in whom all of these prophecies of old find their “yes” and “Amen”. 

The point is this: When Luke, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, wrote this portion of his gospel in such a way as to mirror 1 Samuel 1 & 2, he intends for us to consider the entire story of Samuel, culminating in the anointing of David as king over Israel, and to view Jesus of Nazareth against the backdrop of that story, with special attention given to the promises made to David in the covenant that was transacted with him concerning a son who would sit on a throne and establish a kingdom that would have no end.

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Jesus Was Presented At The Temple In Obedience To The Law Of Moses

With those big-picture observations having been made, let us now consider the details of the text, starting with Luke 2:22-24. Here we learn that Jesus was presented at the temple in obedience to the law of Moses. 

Verse 22 says, “And when the time came for their purification according to the Law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord…” I take the plural “their” of verse 22 to refer to Joseph and Mary. It was Mary who needed to be purified after giving birth according to the law of Leviticus 12, but Joseph was involved, given that Mary was his wife. And both were involved, not only in the purification of Mary but in the presentation of her firstborn son, Jesus, at the temple. This is what Luke refers to in verse 23 as he quotes Exodus 13, saying, “as it is written in the Law of the Lord, ‘Every male who first opens the womb shall be called holy to the Lord’”. This law was the outworking of the Passover when, in the tenth plague, the Lord killed the firstborns of Egypt, but spared the firstborns in the homes that were covered by the blood of the lamb. From that time onward, the Lord claimed all of the firstborns of Israel, of man and beast, as his own. In Exodus 13:2 the Lord says, “Consecrate to me all the firstborn. Whatever is the first to open the womb among the people of Israel, both of man and of beast, is mine.” In Exodus 13:13 the Lord says, “Every firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, or if you will not redeem it you shall break its neck. Every firstborn of man among your sons you shall redeem.” And what was the price of redemption that was to be paid for firstborn sons? According to Numbers 18:16, it was five shekels of silver. And what was the woman to give for her purification? According to Leviticus 12:6, she was to give a lamb and a pigeon or turtledove. But if she was too poor, she could give “two turtledoves or two pigeons, one for a burnt offering and the other for a sin offering. And the priest [would] make atonement for her, and she [would] be clean” (Leviticus 12:8, ESV). This is what Mary offered up, indicating that she was poor. 

Luke does not seem concerned to present us with all of the details concerning these laws. You will notice that he did not mention the five shekels that were to be paid to redeem the baby Jesus in fulfillment of Numbers 18:16. But notice what Luke does stress: Mary and Joseph, and consequently, the baby Jesus, obeyed the Law of Moses. The phrase “the Law of Moses”, or “the Law of The Lord” is repeated three times in three verses. Christ was born under the law of Moses and he kept it perfectly to redeem us from it. This is what Paul says in Galatians 4:4-5: “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons” (Galatians 4:4–5, ESV). Jesus kept the law perfectly for us to redeem us. This was even true of his infancy through the faithfulness of his parents.

I have two more brief observations to make concerning verses 22-25. One, it is amazing to consider that all of these laws of Moses that are mentioned here in this text – the rites of purification, burnt offerings, sin offerings, and even the temple itself – had, for hundreds of years, pointed forward to Jesus Christ, and yet at this moment, he himself was the one participating in them. Two, I find it interesting that Luke did not mention the five shekels that were to be paid to redeem the baby Jesus in fulfillment of Numbers 18:16. I do not doubt that the price was paid. After all, Jesus was not left at the temple to serve there all the days of his life as Samuel way. No, Mary and Joseph took him home to Nazareth. The price was likely paid, therefore. But the price of redemption is not directly mentioned by Luke, perhaps to stress that Jesus was set apart as holy to the Lord in a unique way (see Luke 1:35). He would not serve in the temple in Jerusalem as Samuel did, for Jesus did not come as a prophet, priest, or king of the Old Covenant order. But there is a sense in which Jesus was thoroughly devoted to working in his Father’s house all the days of his life. He worked in his Father’s house and served his kingdom like none before or after. And I am saying that perhaps that is why Luke did not stress the price of redemption paid for him. Truly, as God’s Messiah, he was “holy to the Lord”. Luke does not say that a redemption price was paid for him for he was the Lord’s Servant and the one who would pay the eternal redemption price for all of God’s elect. He did not need to be redeemed, therefore.    

The main point of verses 22-24 is this: Jesus was presented at the temple in obedience to the law of Moses. 

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Jesus Was Received At The Temple By Simeon And Anna

Secondly, notice that Jesus was received at the temple by Simeon and Anna. 

Now, by “received” I do not mean that he was received in the way that Samuel was received by Eli. Samuel was raised in the temple after he was weaned and he ministered to the Lord there all the days of his life. Jesus returned home with his parents to be raised in Nazareth. By received I mean, he was recognized as the Messiah. 

First, a man named Simeon recognized him as the Messiah. 

I love this story. Not only does it add to our certainty that Jesus is the Messiah, it also helps us to see that there were some in Isarel who were eagerly expecting the arrival of the Messiah in those days and recognized Jesus to be the one. You know, we are accustomed to talking about how many within Israel rejected Jesus as the Messiah. Indeed, many did not recognize him. Many rejected him. The leaders of the people had him crucified. But we should not forget that there were some who were waiting for the Messiah. They knew the scriptures. And they knew that Jesus was the one. Simeon was one of these. 

In verse 25 we learn that Simeon lived in Jerusalem. He, like Zechariah and Elizabeth, was righteous and devout. This means that he had sincere faith in the promised Messiah, was justified by faith, and was devout in his keeping of the law of Moses. We are also told that he was “waiting for the consolation of Israel and the Holy Spirit was upon him.”

I would like to focus on the phrase, “waiting for the consolation of Israel” for just a moment. To console is to comfort. And you should know that there are some passages in the Old Testament that spoke of a day when Israel would be comforted or consoled by their God. The Isaiah 40 passage that we read at the beginning of this sermon is one such text: “Comfort, comfort my people, says your God. Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and cry to her that her warfare is ended, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she has received from the LORD’s hand double for all her sins. A voice cries: “In the wilderness prepare the way of the LORD; make straight in the desert a highway for our God” (Isaiah 40:1–3, ESV), etc. This man Simeon was waiting for this consolation. He was waiting for the fulfillment of this prophecy. He was waiting for the Messiah who would accomplish these things. Isaiah 57:18-19 is another such passage. Concerning the one who is contrite and humble the Lord says, “‘I have seen his ways, but I will heal him; I will lead him and restore comfort to him and his mourners, creating the fruit of the lips. Peace, peace, to the far and to the near,’ says the LORD, ‘and I will heal him’” (Isaiah 57:18–19, ESV). This language of comfort is also found in Isaiah 66. Simeon was eagerly awaiting the accomplishment of these things – he longed for the consolation of Isarel.

In verse 26 we are told that “it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ” (Luke 2:25–26, ESV). In other words, he had received this special revelation from the Lord that he would not die before seeing the promised Messiah. 

In verse 27 we are told that “he came in the Spirit into the temple…” This means that the Spirit of God moved him in a special way to come into the temple. Continuing now in verse 27, “And he came in the Spirit into the temple, and when the parents brought in the child Jesus, to do for him according to the custom of the Law, he took him up in his arms and blessed God and said, ‘Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in peace, according to your word; for my eyes have seen your salvation that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to your people Israel’” (Luke 2:27–32, ESV). When Simion saw Jesus the Spirit of God revealed to him that this was the Messiah. He took Jesus in his arms and blessed God. We should pay careful attention to what he said concerning Jesus. 

One, when he saw the baby Jesus he blessed God saying,  “my eyes have seen your salvation…” What an interesting way to describe the baby Jesus. Simeon did not say that Jesus would accomplish salvation (which he would), but that he is God’s salvation – the salvation that God has provided. And this is indeed true. Our salvation is found in the very person of Christ. Sinners are saved when they trust in him – in his very person and work. This is what the Scriptures mean when they say, “And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved” (Acts 4:12, ESV). Brothers and sisters, we are saved by trusting in the person of Christ. We are not merely saved by trusting in what he has done. We are saved by trusting in him – his person and his work. When Simeon saw the baby Jesus he knew that he was looking at the salvation of the Lord.”  

Two, notice also that Simion referred to this salvation as the salvation that God had “prepared”. When did God prepare this salvation for his people? He prepared it in eternity before the foundation of the world. And in history, he promised it to Adam, Abraham, Israel, and David. And when Simeon saw the baby Jesus, he knew that the time had come for the accomplishment of this salvation, for Jesus is Christ the Messiah, the Redeemer of God’s elect. This is what the Scriptures mean when they say, “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons” (Galatians 4:4–5, ESV). The words, “when the fullness of time had come” indicate that the redemption accomplished by Christ in his life, death, burial, and resurrection, was prepared beforehand. 

Three, Simeon knew that this Savior, and this salvation, were not for Old Covenant, ethnic Israel only, but for all the peoples of the earth.  He “blessed God and said, ‘Lord, now you are letting your servant depart in peace, according to your word; for my eyes have seen your salvation that you have prepared in the presence of all peoples, a light for revelation to the Gentiles…” Under the Old Covenant, the promise of salvation through faith in the Messiah was largely confined to the nation of Israel. One of the great differences between the Old Covenant and the New is that gospel of the kingdom would go to all nations. Jesus lived, died, and rose again, not as for the Jews only, but for the world, that is to say, for his elect from every tongue, tribe, and nation.  He is the only Savior. He is the only mediator between God and mankind. He is the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world. This is the meaning of the word “world”, by the way. When the Scriptures say, “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16, ESV), or “that the Father has sent his Son to be the Savior of the world” (1 John 4:14, ESV), they do not teach a universal and unlimited atonement. That would contradict the clear teaching of other scriptures (John 10:11, John 17,  Ephesians 5:25, etc.). Rather, the word “world” indicates that God has mercifully provided salvation for all nations. Christ is the Savior of all people. Besides him, there is no other. Indeed, all who believe in him, Jew and Gentile, will not perish but have eternal life. And it is important to know that this was always the plan. A redeemer was promised first to Adam, the one from whom all the people of the earth descended. And when the promise concerning the coming Savior was entrusted to the Hebrew people by way of covenant, Abraham was told, “in you all the families of the earth shall be blessed” (Genesis 12:3, ESV). Promises concerning the salvation of all nations through Israel’s Messiah are found throughout the Old Testament Scriptures, and Simeon knew it. When he referred to Christ as “a light for revelation to the Gentiles…” he had Old Testament passages like this in mind. They all speak of the coming Messiah. Isaiah 42:6: “I am the LORD; I have called you in righteousness; I will take you by the hand and keep you; I will give you as a covenant for the people, a light for the nations…” Isaiah 49:6: “It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and to bring back the preserved of Israel; I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.” Isaiah 52:10: “The LORD has bared his holy arm before the eyes of all the nations, and all the ends of the earth shall see the salvation of our God.” Isaiah 60:3: “And nations shall come to your light, and kings to the brightness of your rising.” Simeon knew that the baby Jesus was the Messiah, the light and salvation of the nations. 

Four, Simeon also said that Jesus would be “for glory to [God’s] people Israel” (Luke 2:32, ESV).  This is a reference to Isaiah 45:25, which says, “In the LORD all the offspring of Israel shall be justified and shall glory.” This must be a reference to the true Israel of God, and not to Israel according to the flesh, for we know that many from amongst ethnic Israel did not believe in the promised Messiah. They were unfaithful. They were, to quote Jesus, not Abraham’s children (truly), but were of their father the devil (John 8:44). There is an Isarel according to the flesh, and there is a spiritual Israel – the true Israel of God (Galatians 6:16). This is what Paul says in Galatians 3:7: “Know then that it is those of faith who are the sons of Abraham.” And in Romans 9:6 he says, “But it is not as though the word of God has failed. For not all who are descended from Israel belong to Israel, and not all are children of Abraham because they are his offspring, but ‘Through Isaac shall your offspring be named.’ This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are the children of God, but the children of the promise are counted as offspring.” And in verse 30 he asks, “What shall we say, then? That Gentiles who did not pursue righteousness have attained it, that is, a righteousness that is by faith; but that Israel who pursued a law that would lead to righteousness did not succeed in reaching that law. Why? Because they did not pursue it by faith, but as if it were based on works. They have stumbled over the stumbling stone…” (Romans 9:30–32, ESV). When Simeon said that Christ would be “for glory to [God’s] people Israel”, he meant the Israel of faith, not Israel according to the flesh. Many within ethnic Israel would never see the glory of God, but those who had faith in the promised Messiah, from amongst the Jews and the Gentiles, would see God’s glory. This is the true Israel of God – all who have the faith of Father Abraham – faith in the promised Messiah.  

Five, this interpretation is confirmed by the words that Simeon spoke to Mary. In verse 34 we read, “And Simeon blessed them [Joseph, Mary, and Jesus] and said to Mary his mother, ‘Behold, this child is appointed for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed (and a sword will pierce through your own soul also), so that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed’” (Luke 2:34–35, ESV). Jesus divides, brothers and sisters. He divides the world from the church. And within Israel, he divided the true Israel of faith from the false Israel of disbelief. Jesus reveals hearts as sinners respond to him and to his gospel either in faith and obedience, or disbelief and rebellion. Notice also the re-emergence of this theme: We were told earlier in Luke that Jesus would bring down the haughty and raise up those of humble estate (Luke 1:52). Here, Simeon says, “this child is appointed for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed…” Brothers and sisters, Jesus is not only the Savior of the world, he is also the judge of the world. Those who do not bow to him as Savior and Lord, will bow to him as judge – they will be condemned in their sins and cast away to suffer eternal judgment. He exults those who are united to him by faith. He brings down those who are arrogantly opposed to him. Notice Simeon’s words to Mary, “and a sword will pierce through your own soul also…” This is a reference to the suffering that Christ would endure to atone for the sins of others, and to the sorrow that Mary would feel as she witnessed the suffering of her son and Savior. 

Verse 33 says, “And [Jesus’] father and his mother marveled at what was said about him.” This is now the fourth time that the word translated as “marveled” or “wondered” has appeared in Luke’s gospel. He is inviting us to join with Mary, Joseph (and others) to marvel (or wonder) over the things that happened in the days when Jesus Christ was brought into this world. 

In verses 36 – 38 we are told that there was a woman named Anna who responded to Jesus at the temple in much the same way that Simeon did. Luke does not provide us with the details, but simply says, “And there was a prophetess, Anna, the daughter of Phanuel, of the tribe of Asher. She was advanced in years, having lived with her husband seven years from when she was a virgin, and then as a widow until she was eighty-four. She did not depart from the temple, worshiping with fasting and prayer night and day. And coming up at that very hour she began to give thanks to God and to speak of him to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem” (Luke 2:36–38, ESV).

The phrase, “she began to give thanks to God and to speak of him to all who were waiting for the redemption of Jerusalem” indicated that there were others waiting for the redeemer of God’s people, Anna knew who they were, and she, being moved along by the Holy Spirit, began to tell them that this baby Jesus was the Redeemer, the long-awaited Messiah.  

All of this is truly marvelous to consider, isn’t it? When Jesus was a baby, he was presented at the temple in obedience to the law of Moses. And when he was presented, he was recognized and received as the Messiah by this goldy man and woman, Simeon and Anna. 

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Jesus Departed The Temple And Grew In Wisdom And Stature And The Favor Of God Was Upon Him

Thirdly, in verses 39 – 40 we are told that Jesus departed the temple and grew in wisdom and stature, and the favor of God was upon him. 

Look at verse 39: “And when they had performed everything according to the Law of the Lord, they returned into Galilee, to their own town of Nazareth.” Here we find another reference to the law of Moses. Joseph and Mary, and through them, the baby Jesus, kept the Law of the Lord. And here it is also clarified that Jesus did not remain at the temple to serve there as Samuel did but went home with his parents back to Nazareth. Jesus did not serve at the temple because he did not come to serve the Old Covenant order, but to establish a New Covenant, making the old obsolete (see Hebrews 8:13).

In verse 40 we read, “And the child grew and became strong, filled with wisdom. And the favor of God was upon him.” Brothers and sisters, I ask you, is it true that Jesus is God? Yes, it is true. But we must be careful to talk about him with precision. The person of Christ is the person of the eternally begotten Son of God. In Christ, the eternally begotten and uncreated,  Word or Son of God took to himself a true and complete human nature. So then, united in the person of Christ is the divine nature and a human nature. There are many passages that clearly teach that Jesus is God. He is the person of the Son or Word incarnate (John 1). He is fully God (John 8:58; Colossians 1:19). But passages like these help us to remember that Jesus was truly human. Jesus grew and became strong physically in the same way that all children grow. And he even increased in wisdom. This helps us to make a distinction in Christ between the human mind and will of Jesus, and the divine mind and will. God cannot increase in wisdom, brothers and sisters, because the divine nature cannot change. Nothing can be added to God, for he is the perfection of all things. His wisdom is perfect and unsearchable. When Luke tells us that the person of Christ increased in wisdom, he means, he increased in wisdom according to his human nature. God has never learned a thing. The eternal Father, Son, and Holy Spirit know all things and they are the source of all knowledge. But Christ learned things – he learned to count. He learned his ABC’s, if you will. He learned the Scriptures. And I think it is safe to say that he also grew in his understanding of his Messianic mission according to his human nature. It is marvelous to consider, isn’t it? It is mysterious. But must be confessed, because the scriptures teach it. Jesus Christ grew, became strong, and was filled with wisdom. And the favor of God was upon him.

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Conclusion

Brothers and sisters, Luke’s objective in his gospel is to move us to greater certainty that Jesus is the Messiah, and here we are presented with even more witnesses to testify concerning him. In his infancy and through the faithfulness of his parents, he kept the law of Moses perfectly, which was certainly a requirement of the Messiah. And when he was brought to the temple, Simeon and Anna recognized him to be the Messiah, for this was revealed to them from the Scriptures and by the working of the Holy Spirit. And after this, Jesus was taken back to his home town so that he could grow physically, mentally, and spiritually (according to his human nature), until it was time for him to begin his public ministry about 30 years later. 

I must ask you, by way of conclusion, do you believe that Jesus was and is the promised Messiah of Israel, the Savior of the world? More than this, I must ask you, do you trust in him? Do you know him? Are you united to him by faith?

I wonder, can you see the difference between these two things? It is one thing to be convinced in the mind that Jesus of Nazareth was and is the promised Messiah – it is another thing to trust him in the heart for the forgiveness of your sins. True saving faith involves the mind and heart, friends. And it also affects the will. 

Paul says it beautifully in Romans 10:8-13, and with this reading I will conclude: “‘The word is near you, in your mouth and in your heart’ (that is, the word of faith that we proclaim); because, if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved. For the Scripture says, ‘Everyone who believes in him will not be put to shame.’ For there is no distinction between Jew and Greek; for the same Lord is Lord of all, bestowing his riches on all who call on him. For ‘everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved’” (Romans 10:8–13, ESV). 

Friends, I pray that you are convinced in your mind that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah who was promised long ago. More than this, I pray that you believe in him from the heart to the salvation of your soul. And we know that all who believe in him from the mind and heart, will also call him Lord, and honor him as such. “For ‘everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved’” (Romans 10:13, ESV).

Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 9:1–7

“But there will be no gloom for her who was in anguish. In the former time he brought into contempt the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the latter time he has made glorious the way of the sea, the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone. You have multiplied the nation; you have increased its joy; they rejoice before you as with joy at the harvest, as they are glad when they divide the spoil. For the yoke of his burden, and the staff for his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, you have broken as on the day of Midian. For every boot of the tramping warrior in battle tumult and every garment rolled in blood will be burned as fuel for the fire. For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.” (Isaiah 9:1–7, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 2:1-21

“In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. This was the first registration when Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all went to be registered, each to his own town. And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child. And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn. And in the same region there were shepherds out in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear. And the angel said to them, ‘Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people. For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord. And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger.’ And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying, ‘Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased!’ When the angels went away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, ‘Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.’ And they went with haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby lying in a manger. And when they saw it, they made known the saying that had been told them concerning this child. And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them. But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, as it had been told them. And at the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. And when the time came for their purification according to the Law of Moses, they brought him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord.” (Luke 2:1–22, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

Luke chapters 1 and 2 focus on a very unique and interesting period of time in the history of redemption. 

By the way, when I use the phrase, “history of redemption” (which I do often), I am referring to the things that God has done within the history of the world that are directly connected to the salvation he has accomplished for his people through Jesus Christ. Many things have happened in the history of the world. In fact, only a very small percentage of the things that have happened in the history of the world are recorded for us in history books. But when we speak of the history of redemption, we are considering only those events which have a direct relation to the accomplishment of our redemption by Jesus Christ. This is the history that is recorded for us in the Bible. Really, it begins with Genesis 3:15. Before that, we find an account of the general history of the creation of the heavens and earth, of the covenant that God made with mankind through Adam, and of mankind’s fall into sin through the sin of Adam. All of that is generic human history. And all of that is the background to the so-called history of redemption. In Genesis 3:15 we find the first promise concerning the Messiah, the Redeemer of God’s elect. In Genesis 12, everything comes to focus on Abraham and his descendants. And in the book of Exodus, everything comes to focus on the nation of Israel which descended from Abraham. There were lots of things happening in the world in the days of Abraham and Old Covenant Isarel. World histories are concerned with those things. But the Bible is concerned to tell us about the history of redemption, that is to say, of how the Messiah was brought into the world as a descendent of Adam, Abraham, and King David, in fulfillment of the promises that were entrusted to them.          

Here is what I mean when I say that Luke chapters 1 and 2 focus on a very unique and interesting period of time in the history of redemption: For thousands of years prior to the events recorded for us in Luke 1, the people of God looked forward to the arrival of the Messiah who had been promised to them. Luke will begin to tell us about the self-conscience and public ministry of the Messiah in chapter 3 of his gospel. But Luke chapters 1 and 2 give us some insight into the 30-year period of time that passed between the first announcement concerning the imminent birth of Jesus the Messiah and the beginning of his public ministry. 

Wrap your head around that for a moment. About 30 years passed between the events that are recorded for us here in Luke 1 and 2 and the beginning of Jesus the Messiah’s public ministry. That’s a long time. And Luke devotes only 2 chapters to this 30-year period of time. He devotes 22 chapters to the 3 (or so) years of Jesus’ public ministry and the account of his death burial and resurrection. 

But I suppose one might ask the question, why give any attention to this period of time at all? Why don’t we just get on with it and begin to consider the things that Jesus said and did? 

Well, I think you would agree with me that these early chapters are important. One, they explain where Jesus came from. And by that, I do not only mean, where he was born and raised and who his parents were. No, given the miraculous nature of his conception, Luke makes it clear that Jesus Christ was born from above. Two, these early chapters of Luke’s gospel establish quite convincingly that Jesus of Nazareth was born into this world in fulfillment of the Old Testament Scriptures. It might feel like I am beating a dead horse here, but the truth is this – Luke is the one who is concerned to drive this point home. The things that happened when Jesus was born demonstrated convincingly, one, that Jesus was no ordinary man, but was born from above, and two, that he was the Messiah promised from long ago. The third important thing that is accomplished in the first two chapters of Luke is that we are given a glimpse into things that were said about Jesus before he ever uttered a word about himself.  

I think this third observation is really significant. Long before Jesus claimed to be the Messiah, and long before John the Baptist pointed to Jesus as the Messiah, others – angels, prophets and prophetesses, and the Holy Scriptures themselves, testified concerning him. These things were said before Jesus was born, when he was an infant, and when he was a small boy before his Messianic self-awareness was fully developed. 

My point is this: it is one thing for Jesus to claim to be the Messiah. And indeed, his claims – once he did make them – were backed up with signs and wonders, the greatest of them being his resurrection from the dead! But it is another thing for others  – angels, men, and the Scriptures – to testify concerning him, especially when we consider that they did so before he was able to utter a word concerning himself. 

So then, who has testified that Jesus is the Messiah? So far we have heard from the angel Gabriel, Elizabeth, Mary, and Zachariah. And remember, these did not speak on their own authority, but were moved along by God to utter what they said. And more than this, when they testified concerning the identity of Jesus, they did so using the very words of inspired Scripture. So then, these witnesses – angelic, human, and Scriptural – are presented to us by Luke so that we might have certainty that Jesus is the long-awaited Messiah and that we do indeed have salvation in him. 

Today, we will consider Luke 2:1-21. Yet again, we will find that God testified concerning Jesus as the Messiah, and he did it through his elect angels, through humble men, and through the Holy Scriptures.     

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The Birth Of Jesus, Accomplished According To The Old Testament Scriptures

First, let us consider verses 1-7. Here, we find an account of the birth of Jesus and we will see that it was accomplished in fulfillment of the Old Testament Scriptures.  

In verses 1-3, we read, “In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered. This was the first registration when Quirinius was governor of Syria. And all went to be registered, each to his own town.”

I think it is important to notice the big names that are mentioned in verses 1 and 2. Caesar Augustus, the Emporer of Rome, and Quirinius, the Governor of Syria, are big names. They are names that appear, not only in the Bible but in the general history books of the nations – the kind that you read at school – the kind that are archived in famous libraries. Caesar Agustus was so powerful that he could command “all the world to be registered”, and men obeyed. 

 Why did Luke mention these big names? And by the way, he will do it again in 3:1. Well, I suppose on the most basic level he mentions their names and these decrees so that we might know when these things happened. After all, these men were so significant that time was measured by their reigns. But I think there is something else going on here. There is a contrast being made between these incredibly rich and powerful political figures – men who occupy center stage in the history books of the world– and the poor, humble meek, and mild figures who take center stage in the history of redemption –the history that is told in the Bible concerning the accomplishment of our eternal redemption, and the establishment of an eternal kingdom. Joseph, Mary, and ultimately, the babe that was lain in a manger, take center stage. To the world, this seems upside down and backward. But this is how the Lord works. 

This theme of the inversion or reversal of the ways of the world in the workings and wisdom of God was beautifully introduced to us in the Song of Mary when she rejoiced in God her Savior, saying, “He has shown strength with his arm; he has scattered the proud in the thoughts of their hearts; he has brought down the mighty from their thrones and exalted those of humble estate; he has filled the hungry with good things, and the rich he has sent away empty” (Luke 1:51–53, ESV). This bringing down of the mighty would have ultimate fulfillment in the casting down, binding, and defeat of Satan. But it applies to Ceasar Augustus and Qurinius too. Indeed, it applies to all who are proud in their hearts who rebel against the Lord and his Anointed. But who will the Lord exult? The humble and lowly, that is to say, all who magnify the Lord and rejoice in the Salvation he has worked for us through Jesus the Messiah.

In verses 4-5 we read, “And Joseph also went up from Galilee, from the town of Nazareth, to Judea, to the city of David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed, who was with child.” 

Notice this: God revealed through the prophet Micah, who ministered to God’s people about 700 years before Jesus was born, that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem. Micah 5:2 says, “But you, O Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are too little to be among the clans of Judah, from you shall come forth for me one who is to be ruler in Israel, whose coming forth is from of old, from ancient days. Therefore he shall give them up until the time when she who is in labor has given birth; then the rest of his brothers shall return to the people of Israel. And he shall stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of the LORD, in the majesty of the name of the LORD his God. And they shall dwell secure, for now he shall be great to the ends of the earth” (Micah 5:2–4, ESV). 

When Joseph and Mary were forced to travel from Nazareth to Bethlehem, it must have seemed like a major inconvenience to them. In fact, it must have seemed dangerous, for Mary was pregnant and ready to give birth, and there were many unknowns. And yet we can see that this decree to be registered in one’s hometown was used by the Lord to fulfill the Scriptures. The Messiah would be of the house and lineage of King David. He was to be born in Bethlehem, David’s hometown. And that is exactly where Jesus was born. Though he would be raised in Nazareth, he was born in Bethlehem in fulfillment of the prophecy of Micah 5.

Brothers and sisters, when we read of Caesar Augustus and of his decree that all the world should be registered, and when we consider that this decree did not thwart God’s plans, but rather was used by God to advance and accomplish his plan of redemption, we must remember that the same has been true throughout the history of the world and is true even to this present day. The world thinks that it is those who have their names written in the history books of the nations that shape the course of history. But the Scriptures say otherwise. It is God who has determined the course of history. It is God who providentially governs all things to bring about his purposes. Truly, “The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of the LORD; he turns it wherever he will” (Proverbs 21:1, ESV).

In verses 6-7, we are told of the birth of Jesus. The ordeal of childbirth is described briefly. “And while they were there, the time came for her to give birth. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.”

The phrase, “And she gave birth to her firstborn son”, is straightforward and rather unimpressive on the surface. Every human who has ever lived, with the exception of Adam and Eve, was brought into the world in this way, through the process of birth. But those who know who Jesus is will marvel over this phrase. And who is Jesus? We know that he is the eternal Son of God. It is the person of the Son (or Word), the second person of the Triune God, who took to himself a human nature (body and soul). We call this the incarnation. And how did the Son of God become incarnate?  Stated differently, How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man? A. Christ, the Son of God became man by taking to himself a true body and a reasonable soul; being conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary and born of her, yet without sin” (Baptist Catechism, 25). So then, as strange as it sounds, it is right to say that Mary gave birth to God. She did not give birth to the divine nature. God is eternal. He has no beginning or end. Nor did she give birth to the Father or Spirit, for the Father and Spirit did not assume a human nature. But she did, in a sense, give birth to the person of the eternal Son who willingly took to himself a true body and reasonable soul. He humbled himself in this way for us and for our salvation. If you do not know who Christ is, then you will not think much of the phrase,  “And she gave birth to her firstborn son.” But if you know that person of Christ is the person of the eternally begotten Son of God, then you will never cease to marvel over this phrase. 

And consider this: when the Son of God assumed a human nature and was born into this world – the very world that was created through him in the beginning, mind you – there was no room for him. He was not born in a palace.  He was not born to parents of wealth and renown. No, he was born to obscure parents and in an obscure place. And even there, there was no room for him. He was born in a stall and lain in a manger. He was born humble and lowly.

Later in his life and during his earthly ministry Jesus would say, “Foxes have holes, and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head” (Luke 9:58, ESV). That was true of him even at his birth. This is what the prophet Isaiah said concerning him long before he was born: “Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not” (Isaiah 53:1–3, ESV). Even his birth, which he had no control over, humanly speaking, was characterized by lowliness and humility.

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The Birth Of Jesus, Announced By Angels

In verses 8-14 we learn that though the rich and powerful of this world took no notice of the Messiah’s birth, the hosts of heaven did, for the birth of Jesus was announced by angels. 

Look at verses 8-9. There we read, ​​“And in the same region there were shepherds out in the field, keeping watch over their flock by night. And an angel of the Lord appeared to them, and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were filled with great fear” (Luke 2:8–9, ESV). Though the text does not say that this was the angel, Gabriel, I think it is safe to assume that it was given that he was the one who was sent to appear to Zachariah and Mary.

The text says that “the glory of the Lord shone around them…” Angels are spirits. They are invisible and do not have form or matter. But, as we have seen in Luke’s Gospel, they are able to appear to men. This angel manifested himself to the shepherds with the glory of the Lord.

 Notice that the reaction of the shepherds is typical of those who have such encounters with angels – “they were filled with great fear”. Brothers and sisters, we would be wise to remember that angels exist. They were created by God in the beginning. Some rebelled against God, but the elect angels remained. They are God’s servants and messengers. They minister to God’s people always. And they are especially present with us when we worship. Angels exist. The holy angels serve God and his people. They are powerful beings, as you can tell. Though we are not to worship angels, and though we are not to pray to them, or to focus on them in such a way that we are distracted from God and Christ, we are to be mindful of the angels, and we are to thank God for them. 

The point that I want you to grasp is this: though Ceasar Augustus could care less about the birth of this child in the far-off and insignificant town of Bethlehem, the holy angels cared. They understood that this was where the real action was taking place on earth. They were happy to announce the arrival of the Lord’s Messiah, the King of kings, and Lord of lords. 

In verse 10 we read, “And the angel said to them, ‘Fear not, for behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people’” (Luke 2:10, ESV). Angels, like Gabriel, are sometimes used by the Lord to pour out God’s judgment. But Gabriel was not sent to these shepherds for that purpose. He was sent to bring “good news”. It was news that was to produce “great joy”. It was good news for “all the people” – all Jews, and all the nations of the earth. 

And what was the news? It is found in verse 11: “For unto you is born this day in the city of David a Savior, who is Christ the Lord.” 

The reference to David should link our minds to the promises made by God to David concerning a son whose throne and kingdom will have no end (see 2 Samual 7). 

Notice also that the angel referred to Jesus as “Savior”. In the Old Testament, God is called “savior”. Consider, for example, Psalm 24:5: “He will receive blessing from the LORD and righteousness from the God of his salvation.” Consider also Psalm 27:1: “The LORD is my light and my salvation; whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life; of whom shall I be afraid?” Finally, consider Isaiah 45:21: “Declare and present your case; let them take counsel together! Who told this long ago? Who declared it of old? Was it not I, the LORD? And there is no other god besides me, a righteous God and a Savior; there is none besides me.” When Jesus is called “Savior” it is clear that he is the one through whom the Lord would save his people from their sins. And he is able to save people from their sins because he is no mere man, but is himself Lord of glory (see 1 Corinthians 2:8, James 2:1).

Notice, lastly, that the angel refers to Jesus as “Christ the Lord”. He is the Lord, that is to say, he is the Lord God of Israel incarnate. And he is the Christ, which means Messiah or anointed one. It is interesting that this is the first time that the word “Christ” appears in Luke’s Gospel. One question that Luke’s Gospel seems eager to answer is this: Who is Jesus? Specifically, is he the Christ, the promised Messiah, the Anointed One of God? He is called Christ for the first time here in 2:11 by the angel at the time of his birth. He will be called the Christ again in 2:26 by a man named Simeon when he is presented at the temple. In 3:15 we are told that the people were wondering if John was the Christ. John answered in the negative and clarified that he was preparing the way for the Messiah, “the strap of whose sandals [he] was not worthy to untie.”. Interestingly, in 4:41 demons confess that Jesus is the Son of God, and Luke tells us they knew he was the Christ. And then, in 9:20 we come to the great confession of Peter. Jesus asked his disciples “‘But who do you say that I am?’ And Peter answered, ‘The Christ of God’” (Luke 9:20, ESV). The question, is Jesus the Christ?, seems to ramp up towards the end of Luke’s gospel. The word Christ appears in Luke chapters 20 and 22, three times in Luke 23, and finally, in Luke 24 Jesus appears to his disciples in his resurrection and shows them from the Old Testament Scriptures that it was “necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory…” (Luke 24:26, ESV). And he said to them, “Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem” (Luke 24:46–47, ESV). Luke wants us to know for certain that Jesus of Nazareth, the one born to Mary in Bethlehem and laid in a manger, and the one who suffered on the cross, died, was buried, and rose on the third day, is the Christ, the Messiah, promised to Adam, Abraham, and David long ago. 

In verse 12, the angel gives the shepherds a sign so that they might know these things are true. He says, “And this will be a sign for you: you will find a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger.”

What an interesting sign! A baby wrapped in swaddling cloths was and is an ordinary thing. To see a newborn baby swaddled is a beautiful thing, but it would not strike anyone as unusual or miraculous. A baby being laid in a manger is strange. But what were the chances that these shepherds would walk into the small town of Bethlehem and find this very scene –  “a baby wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger”? The chances were very small. When they walked into Bethlehem and found this scene just as the angel had said, it was a sign to them that his word was true. But do not forget that signs do not only prove things, they also signify things. And what did this sign signify? It signified the lowliness and humility of the Messiah. 

“Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.” (Philippians 2:5–11, ESV)

In verses 13-14 we read, “And suddenly there was with the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying, ‘Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased!’” (Luke 2:13–14, ESV)

You’re probably beginning to notice that there was a lot of angelic activity in the days when Jesus Christ was born. At some point, we should study angels in a systematic way. For now, I will say, one, that angels exist – they were created by God in the beginning. Two, there are fallen, unholy, angels and elect, holy angels. Three, the holy angels are ministering spirits who constantly do God’s will and work on behalf of God’s people to accomplish God’s purposes in salvation. Four, angels seem to be particularly active (and by active, I mean, they appear to people on earth ) during those times when God is acting to accomplish redemption and judgment. Five, the angels were particularly interested in the arrival of Christ and were used by God to announce his arrival and to minister to him in his life, death, resurrection, and ascension. Six, the holy angels will play an active role in the second coming of Christ, which will involve the salvation of God’s elect and the judgment of the wicked (1 Thessalonians 4:16). Seven, the holy angels are not cute – they are mighty worriers – they are the Lord’s army. 

The holy angels are around us constantly, brothers and sisters. They are especially present with us when we assemble for worship, by the way (1 Corinthians 11:10; Hebrews 12:22). We should be mindful of them and we should give thanks to God for their ministry to us. From time to time in the history of redemption, the invisible spiritual realities of the heavenly realm were made visible to God’s people on earth for their comfort and encouragement. Think of the episode recorded for us in 2 Kings 6 where Elisha prayed that his servant’s eyes would be opened so that he would see the spiritual realities “So the LORD opened the eyes of the young man, and he saw, and behold, the mountain was full of horses and chariots of fire all around Elisha” (2 Kings 6:17, ESV). The angelic army of the Lord was there, but the servant of Elisha didn’t know it. The Lord showed him so that he would not fear the threat of the Syrian army. Something similar happens here in Luke 2. The Messiah has come into the world to stomp the head of the Serpent, Satan, and he was accompanied by an army of holy angels. This reality was revealed to the shepherds in the field when Jesus was born. 

This was a heavenly host, or a heavenly army, of holy angels. They were warriors, and they were warriors who sang praises to God saying, “Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among those with whom he is pleased!” These angels praised God in heaven for they knew that he, through the Messiah, would win the victory over the Evil One so as to bring peace to his elect on earth. That is what is meant by the phrase, “peace among those with whom he is pleased!”

Brothers and sisters, the birth of Jesus was accomplished according to the Old Testament Scriptures, and it was announced by the holy angels, for they are God’s servants and messengers. Furthermore, the things that were accomplished by Jesus were of great interest to them (1 Peter 1:12), for Christ would win the victory in the spiritual and heavenly battle that they themselves have been engaged in ever since the fall of the angels, which preceded the fall of man into sin (Genesis 3:1).

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The Birth Of Jesus, Celebrated By Humble Men And Women

Let us now briefly consider the third and final point of the sermon: The birth of Jesus was celebrated by humble men and women. I will simply read verses 15-21 and make only a few observations. 

“When the angels went away from them into heaven, the shepherds said to one another, ‘Let us go over to Bethlehem and see this thing that has happened, which the Lord has made known to us.’ And they went with haste and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby lying in a manger. And when they saw it, they made known the saying that had been told them concerning this child. And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them. But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart. And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, as it had been told them. And at the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.” (Luke 2:15–21, ESV)

One, verses 15-17 simply describe what the shepherds did. The “angels went away from them into heaven”, and the shepherds went to Bethlehem, found what the angels said they would find – the baby Jesus wrapped in swaddling cloths and lying in a manger, and they reported what was said to them by the angel and the heavenly hosts.

Two, verses 18-20 describe the response to their word. 

Verse 18: “And all who heard it wondered at what the shepherds told them.” To “wonder” is to be astonished, amazed, and to marvel. This word appears often in Luke’s Gospel. He is inviting us to marvel over these things as well. 

In verse 19 we are told that “Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart.” Mary “wondered” too, but it should be clear that these things were very precious to her, given that this Messiah was her own son. She “treasured” these things. She held onto these things tightly in her mind, and she “pondered” them in her heart. Brothers and sisters, Luke is inviting us to, not only marvel over these things but to treasure and ponder them, just as Mary did. 

In verse 20 we read, “And the shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all they had heard and seen, as it had been told them.” Brothers and sisters, not only is Luke inviting us to marvel, treasure, and ponder these things, but to glorify and praise God for all that he has done for us through Christ. 

And do not forget this: it was not Ceasar Augustus the Emporer of Rome, nor Quirininius the governor of Syria, but poor, humble, shepherds tending to sheep in the fields surrounding Bethlehem, along with humble Joseph and Mary, who rejoiced and gave glory to God. Brothers and sisters, Luke is inviting us to identify with Jesus in his humility, to disregard the pride and pleasures of this world, and to join with the humble, lowly, meek, and mild, confessing that this Jesus who was born in Bethlehem and laid in a manger, is Christ the Lord, our Savior, and our God.  

In verse 21 we read, “And at the end of eight days, when he was circumcised, he was called Jesus, the name given by the angel before he was conceived in the womb.” In other words, Christ lived in perfect obedience to the revealed will of God even from birth through the faithfulness of his parents, Joseph and Mary. He was circumcised on the eighth day, in obedience to the law of Moses. He was named Jesus – which means, the Lord delivers or the Lord saves – in obedience to the Word of the Lord delivered by the angel. Christ lived a life of perfect obedience to God, even from birth, for in this way he accomplished our salvation – through active obedience, and through passive suffering, done on behalf of all those given to him by the Father in eternity (John 17).

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Conclusion

Brothers and sisters, Luke aims to move us to greater certainty that Jesus is the Messiah. He presents us with witness who testify concerning him. The Old Testament Scriptures testify concerning him. The holy angels testified concerning him. And humble men and women testified concerning him too. May we join with these to testify to others that Jesus was and is the Messiah who emerged from Isarel, in fulfillment of promises previously made, and that salvation is available through faith in him. May we give glory to the Lord God of Israel for him. And may the Lord bless us to see many others bless his name too.  

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 132

“A SONG OF ASCENTS. Remember, O LORD, in David’s favor, all the hardships he endured, how he swore to the LORD and vowed to the Mighty One of Jacob, ‘I will not enter my house or get into my bed, I will not give sleep to my eyes or slumber to my eyelids, until I find a place for the LORD, a dwelling place for the Mighty One of Jacob.’ Behold, we heard of it in Ephrathah; we found it in the fields of Jaar. ‘Let us go to his dwelling place; let us worship at his footstool!’ Arise, O LORD, and go to your resting place, you and the ark of your might. Let your priests be clothed with righteousness, and let your saints shout for joy. For the sake of your servant David, do not turn away the face of your anointed one. The LORD swore to David a sure oath from which he will not turn back: ‘One of the sons of your body I will set on your throne. If your sons keep my covenant and my testimonies that I shall teach them, their sons also forever shall sit on your throne.’ For the LORD has chosen Zion; he has desired it for his dwelling place: ‘This is my resting place forever; here I will dwell, for I have desired it. I will abundantly bless her provisions; I will satisfy her poor with bread. Her priests I will clothe with salvation, and her saints will shout for joy. There I will make a horn to sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. His enemies I will clothe with shame, but on him his crown will shine.’” (Psalm 132, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 1:67-80

“And his father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, saying, ‘Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old, that we should be saved from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us; to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him all our days. And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High; for you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways, to give knowledge of salvation to his people in the forgiveness of their sins, because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.’ And the child grew and became strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day of his public appearance to Israel.” (Luke 1:67–80, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

Over the years I have come to really love this story about Zachariah. Near the end of the sermon last Sunday, I suggested to you that perhaps Luke intends for us to see Zachariah as a kind of model or example of one who was moved from a place of doubt to a place of confidence and certainty concerning Jesus the Messiah.  

We must remember that Luke tells us his purpose for writing. In Chapter 1 verse 4 he says that he wrote this gospel so that those who read it “may have certainty concerning the things [they] have been taught.” Luke wants us to grow in our certainty. Certainty about what? Answer: The certainty that Jesus of Nazareth is the Messiah that God had promised to send. Luke wrote his Gospel so that we would be certain about that. And I find it fascinating that the very first person Luke introduces us to in his Gospel is this Old Covenant priest named Zachariah. He and his wife, Elizabeth, are said to be “righteous before God, walking blamelessly in all the commandments and statutes of the Lord.” And yet when the news comes to Zachariah that the Messiah was about to be born and that he would have a son who would prepare the way for him (in fulfillment to the Scriptures), he doubted. Luke wrote his gospel so that we might grow in our certainty, and the very first character he introduced to us is a man that you would expect to have strong faith and certainty, and yet he doubts.

You know how the story progresses. Zachariah was struck with muteness because he doubted the word of God delivered by the angel Gabriel. He was unable to speak for about nine months. And when did he regain his ability to speak? Not progressively, and not at some random moment, but on the eighth day after his son was born, as they came to circumcise him. Specifically, his tongue was loosed only after he obeyed the word of the Lord in the naming of his child. Nine months earlier, the angel Gabriel had said to him, “you shall call his name John” (Luke 1:13), and it was only after Zachariah wrote, “His name is John”, that “his mouth was opened and his tongue loosed, and he spoke, blessing God”. Today we will consider the prophecy that Zachariah uttered after this experience. One thing is very clear. He was no longer doubting but was very, very certain that the Messiah was about to be born, and that his son, miraculously born to his wife, Elizabeth, in her old age, would prepare the way for him.

When I say that Zachariah is a model for those who doubt or lack certainty concerning what God did through Jesus the Messiah, I mean that we are invited to walk the road that Zachariah walked. I very much doubt that those who lack certainty will be struck with muteness as Zachariah was. Nevertheless, those who doubt should, one, hold their tongues lest they speak unfaithfully. Two, they should consider the things that happened when Jesus Christ was brought into this world, lived, died, rose again, and ascended. Three, they should study and reflect on the Holy Scriptures – yes, the New Testament, but especially the Old – for the Old Testament Scriptures spoke of him before he came. 

You know, I have been very blessed to meet with our middle and high school-aged students on most Wednesday nights. We review the sermons from the previous Sunday. By the way, we are blessed with some really wonderful young people, brothers and sisters. I find this time to be very encouraging, and I think it is beneficial to them. They are reminded of what was preached a few days earlier (it is amazing how easy it is to forget – we should all be disciplined to remember what was preached). I’m able to clarify what was preached and to also encourage application. Parents do this in the home, I’m sure. But it is a blessing to do it as a pastor. I’ll get to the point now. One comment I made to them this past Wednesday is that we must learn to read the Bible as great literature. The Bible is certainly more than great literature (it is God’s inspired Word; it is sacred Scripture). But it is not less than great literature. By the inspiration of the Spirit, each book is masterfully written. And, by the inspiration of the Spirit, all of the books of the Bible fit together to tell one unified story. Scripture is filled with truth, for it is God’s Word to us, and it is also very beautiful, literarily speaking. 

As we were reviewing the sermon from last Sunday this past Wednesday night I asked the students, who likes to read novels? A few of them raised their hands. And then I asked them, when you read a great novel (or when you watch a good movie), what are some things you look for to fully appreciate and understand the story that is being told? Their answers were great: they said they pay attention to the setting, context, themes, the introduction and development of characters, etc. I agreed with them and said, you should read the Bible in the same way, for although the Bible is certainly more than a great piece of literature, it is not less.  

So, what is the theme that is introduced to us at the beginning of Luke’s gospel? Answer: it is the theme of being moved from a place of doubt to a place of certainty – certainty that Jesus, the Son of Mary, is in fact the Messiah, the Son of God incarnate, the Savior of the world. Luke wrote for this purpose: to move Theophilus (and all who read his Gospel) to a place of certainty concerning the things they had been taught about Jesus. 

And who is the first character that Luke introduces to us? Zachariah. And how is he presented? As a priest – a righteous and blameless priest, who of all people, should have had strong faith and certainty – but he doubts. Does he remain in his doubt, though? No. Through his silent reflection upon, one, the things that happened, and two, what the Old Testament Scriptures have to say regarding the coming Messiah, he emerges from his time of muteness as a man strong, confident, and certain in his faith. He wrote “His name is John” boldly. He blessed the Lord. And then he uttered this beautiful and scripture-saturated prophecy concerning Jesus, which we will be considering today.

My point is this: Luke did not compile his Gospel in a haphazard way. No, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, he wrote a literary masterpiece – a carefully crafted Gospel – for the express purpose of moving his readers to a place of strong faith in Jesus Christ and certainty that he is the promised Messiah. Everything he writes must be interpreted in light of this clearly expressed purpose. 

Before we go to this text I have one more brief observation to make concerning Luke’s gospel as a beautifully compiled and focused piece of literature. I have shown you how Luke’s Gospel begins. Please notice that ends in much the same way.  

At the end of Luke’s Gospel, we find an account of Jesus’ crucifixion and burial. His disciples were left perplexed, discouraged, and doubting. But Christ rose from the grave, and he appeared to them. And when he did, he moved them from a place of doubt to a place of certainty. How did Christ so move them? How did he convince them beyond a shadow of a doubt that he was the promised Messiah and Redeemer of God’s elect?  He moved them from doubt to certainty in the same way that Zechariah was moved – by presenting them with, one, the facts concerning the miraculous things that had happened – the most miraculous thing of all being his resurrection from the dead on the third day. He appeared to them and said to them, “‘Why are you troubled, and why do doubts arise in your hearts? See my hands and my feet, that it is I myself. Touch me, and see. For a spirit does not have flesh and bones as you see that I have.’ And when he had said this, he showed them his hands and his feet. And while they still disbelieved for joy and were marveling, he said to them, ‘Have you anything here to eat?’ They gave him a piece of broiled fish, and he took it and ate before them” (Luke 24:38–43, ESV). Can you see it, brothers and sisters? The disciples were moved from a place of doubt and despair to a place of faith and certainty by considering the miraculous things that had happened, the greatest of them being the resurrection of Christ from the dead. 

But that is not all. What else did he do to give them certainty? He showed them how the Old Testament Scriptures spoke of him and the things that had accomplished ahead of time. With the exception of the brief account of the ascension of Christ, Luke’s Gospel concludes with these  words, “Then he said to them, “These are my words that I spoke to you while I was still with you, that everything written about me in the Law of Moses and the Prophets and the Psalms must be fulfilled.” Then he opened their minds to understand the Scriptures, and said to them, “Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things. And behold, I am sending the promise of my Father upon you. But stay in the city until you are clothed with power from on high” (Luke 24:44–49, ESV). 

So then, how were the disciples of Christ moved from doubt to certainty? By being presented with two things: One, the facts concerning the miraculous things that had happened. Two, the fact that these things happened in fulfillment of the Scriptures written Long ago. You know, it is one thing for a virgin to conceive and bear a son. That is miraculous. It gets your attention. It is another thing altogether for it to happen in fulfillment of Scriptures written hundreds of years earlier. Isaiah the prophet said, “Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel” (Isaiah 7:14, ESV). The two things combined – the fact of the virgin birth in combination with the fulfillment of prophecies previously made – are set before us in Luke’s Gospel that this Jesus was the Promised Messiah, the Savior and Redeemer of all who have faith in him. And it is one thing for this same man who was virgin-born to also be raised from the dead (if that fact doesn’t get your attention, I don’t know what will). But it is another thing for the Old Testament Scriptures to predict that the Messiah would suffer, die, and rise, and for it to happen in fulfillment of things previously written. The two things combined – the fact that the miracles happened, and the fact that they happened in fulfillment of Scriptures previously written – are set before us by Luke to move us to greater certainty that Jesus of Nazareth was and is the promised Messiah, the Savior of the world. 

To illustrate this point to our youth last Wednesday I pointed to a tall palm tree on our property and said if one of those palm fronds fell from the tree right now and came crashing down that would be an event we would all take notice of. But if I were to say to you, in ten seconds a palm frond will fall from that tree and land right over there in this particular way – well that is a different thing altogether. You would all be astonished and would think that I was some kind of prophet or something. Well, that illustrates (in a basic way) what happened when Christ came into the world. Miraculous things happened — they were the kinds of things that caused people to take notice – angels appeared, a virgin conceived, the blind were made to see, a man was raised from the dead, etc. But these miraculous things did not just happen –  they happened in fulfillment of promises and prophesies previously made. And by the way, this is why Luke uses the word “accomplished” in chapter 1 verse 1 of his Gospel. He does not merely provide us with an account of things that happened when Jesus was born, lived, died, rose, and ascended. No, he tells us about the things that were accomplished, that is to say, fulfilled, or brought to completion. From the beginning of Luke’s Gospel to the very end, this is how he moves us from a place of doubt to a place of certainty.  

With all of that as an introduction, let us go now to our text for today: Luke 1:67-80. Here we find the words of the prophecy that Zachariah uttered after his tongue was loosed following nine months of muteness. No longer is he doubting. Instead, he is very certain. What produced the change? Clearly, he pondered the miraculous things that were happening to him and those he loved. And by the time we are finished today, I think you will agree with me that Zachariah pondered the Old Testament Scriptures to see if it was true that this child in Mary was the long-awaited Messiah, for his prophecy is saturated with the Old Testament. We do not have the time to chase down every Old Testament quotation and allusion – I will need to be selective. And I will present all of this in three points. One, Zachariah was certain that Jesus was the Messiah, the promised son of David. Two, Zachariah was certain that Jesus was the Messiah, the promised son of Abraham. And three, Zachariah was certain that his son, John, was the long-awaited prophet who would prepare the way for the Messiah.

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Jesus Is The Messiah, The Promised Son Of David

First, Zachariah was no longer doubting, but certain that Jesus, the child in the womb of the virgin Mary, was the Messiah, the promised son of David. This is what Zachariah expressed in verses 68-71. Picking up in verse 67: “And [John’s] father Zechariah was filled with the Holy Spirit and prophesied, saying, ‘Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old, that we should be saved from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us…” (Luke 1:67–71, ESV). Notice a few things about this text:

One, Zechariah was “filled with the Holy Spirit”. This does not mean that he was regenerated or drawn to saving faith at this moment. Though it is true that Zachariah doubted the word that the angel delivered to him in the temple, I trust that he had saving faith long before this. He trusted in the promised Messiah long before all of this happened (that is why Luke described him as a righteous and blameless man). He did not doubt that the Messiah would one day come. But he did doubt that he was coming then and that he and his son would be involved in preparing the way. When the text says that he was “filled with the Holy Spirit” it does not mean that he was at that moment saved, justified, or declared righteous, but that he was moved by the Spirit, in an unusual way, to utter this marvelous prophecy. 

Two, Zachariah began his prophecy by blessing, or giving thanks and praise to,  “the Lord God of Israel.” Beyond the fact that thankful praise was the fitting and reasonable response to the marvelous things the Lord was doing, Zachariah does also focus our attention on the Lord’s dealings with Israel under the Old Covenant. As you know, in the beginning, God created the heavens and earth. He entered into a covenant with humanity through Adam. Adam fell, and all humanity fell in him. But God promised to provide a Redeemer. And in the course of time, it was clarified that this Redemer would emerge from one particular nation, namely Israel. The promises concerning the Messiah were given to Israel by way of covenants. And when the time had fully come, the Messiah was brought into the world through Israel. But the Messiah is not Israel’s Messiah alone. No, Israel was called to share their Messiah with all people. All who have true faith in him from amongst the Hebrews and Gentiles are the true Israel of God, therefore. When Zachariah said,  “Blessed be the Lord God of Israel” he gives thanks to the Covenant Lord for all that he had from the days of Abraham onward to bring the Messiah into the world in fulfillment of his covenant promises.

Three, beginning with the word “for” in the middle of verse 68 Zechariah explains why he was compelled to bless the Lord God of Israel: “for he has visited and redeemed his people”, he says. The words “visited” and “redeemed” should immediately remind us of the exodus of Israel from Egypt. When Moses returned to Egypt after encountering God in the bush that was burning yet not consumed, he told the Hebrews what the LORD had said, and in Exodus 4:31 we read, “And the people believed; and when they heard that the LORD had visited the people of Israel and that he had seen their affliction, they bowed their heads and worshiped” (Exodus 4:31, ESV). When Zachariah blessed the Lord God of Isarel for “visiting… his people” he was confidently asserting that the Lord was doing something in his day like what he did in Moses’ day – he was drawing near to his people to act. He was drawing near to keep promises previously made. And the word “redeemed” should remind us of the exodus as well, for that is the very thing God did for Israel through Moses. He redeemed them from bondage. He defeated their oppressors to set the free. He led them out of Egypt, entered into a special covenant with them, and led them into the land of promise. When God visited his people in the days of Moses, he did so to redeem them. When Zachariah used these two words together, he was confessing (in the only way he knew how) that God was about to visit his people to accomplish a much greater redemption in fulfillment of promises previously made. 

Think for a moment about how much greater the second exodus accomplished by Christ was than the first exodus accomplished through Moses. Many comparisons could be made. I’ll make only two. One,, God visited his people in the first exodus through Moses – he visited his people in the second exodus through the incarnation of the eternal Son. Christ was and is God with us. He who sees him sees the Father. He is the eternal Son of God who took on flesh. He is the eternal word made who tabernacled amongst us. Two, the redemption was far greater. Given that I have recently taught about these things, I will say only this: the redemption accomplished through Moses in the first exodus was earthy and temporal. The redemption accomplished by Christ in the second exodus was heavenly, spiritual, and eternal. Through Christ, God “has delivered us from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son…” (Colossians 1:13, ESV).

My fourth observation about verses 67-71 is this: Zachariah understood that this redemption that the Lord was about to accomplish through the Messiah was in fulfillment of the promises made to David, the anointed King of Israel. This is stated in verses 69–71, which says, “and has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old, that we should be saved from our enemies and from the hand of all who hate us…” (Luke 1:69–71, ESV). 

Horns symbolize power and might. When Zachariah blessed the Lord because he “raised up a horn of salvation” he was expressing his belief that the long-awaited Messiah King was here. This powerful King would save his people from the hand of their enemies – not Egypt or Rome, not Pharioh or the Emperor – but Satan himself, and all who serve him. And this was in fulfillment of the promises made to King David, who was a type of the Messiah to come. God spoke to David, saying, “When your days are fulfilled and you lie down with your fathers, I will raise up your offspring after you, who shall come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. He shall build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever.” And a bit later in the same passage, he said, “And your house and your kingdom shall be made sure forever before me. Your throne shall be established forever’” (2 Samuel 7:12–16, ESV).

David was the greatest of Israel’s earthly Kings. He was used by God to defeat the enemies of Israel and to establish the kingdom. But God promised him that one of his sons would establish a kingdom that would never end. This son would sit on his throne forever and ever. This son was not Solomon, the next to sit on the throne of Isarel, but Jesus Christ. Though Zachariah did not know the details of how this eternal kingdom would be secured, he knew it would happen, and that it would happen soon, through the Virgin Mary’s own son. And so he blessed the Lord raising up this horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, in fulfillment to the promises previously made.

Yes, these promises were made by God to King David, but notice what Zechariah says in verse 70: God “has raised up a horn of salvation for us in the house of his servant David, as he spoke by the mouth of his holy prophets from of old…” (Luke 1:69–70, ESV). So then, the prophets also spoke of this coming anointed King who would set his people free and establish an eternal kingdom. What prophesies did Zachariah have in mind? Well, there are many. Consider these:

Ezekiel 29:21: “On that day I will cause a horn to spring up for the house of Israel, and I will open your lips among them. Then they will know that I am the LORD.” (Ezekiel 29:21, ESV)

Jeremiah 23:5–6: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. In his days Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell securely. And this is the name by which he will be called: ‘The LORD is our righteousness.’” (Jeremiah 23:5–6, ESV)

And finally, Psalm 132:17-18: “There I will make a horn to sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. His enemies I will clothe with shame, but on him his crown will shine.” (Psalm 132:17–18, ESV)

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Jesus Is The Messiah, The Promised Son Of Abraham

The second point of the sermon is this: Zachariah was certain that Jesus was the Messiah, the promised son of Abraham. I will not need to take much time to develop this point, for it should be evident to all given what has already been said. 

In verses 72 through 75 we read, “to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him all our days” (Luke 1:72–75, ESV). Notice a few things about this text: 

One, in this portion of Zachariah’s prophesy he traces the promises that were entrusted to Israel concerning the Messiah back further into the history of redemption. These Covenant promises were entrusted to Israel long before the covenant that was made with King David, and even before Moses the covenant that was made with Israel in the days of Moses. Indeed, the first promises entrusted to Israel were made to Abraham. To state the matter differently, the original covenant that God made with the Hebrew people was transacted with Abraham as recorded in Genesis 12, 15, and 17. The covenant made with Isarel in the days of Moses, as recorded in Exodus, was an outgrowth and advancement of that original covenant. And the same may be said of the Covenant made with David as recorded in 2 Samuel 7. Zachariah knew this. He knew that each of these covenants was organically connected. As it pertains to the covenants made with Israel, the Abrahamic was the seed, the Mosaic was the young plant, the Davidic was the tree, and this tree came to full maturity and fruitfulness in Jesus Christ and the New Covenant that was made through his shed blood. Zachariah knew this, and so he rejoiced that the son of David had come to accomplish a second and greater exodus, in fulfillment of the promises made to Abraham. 

Two, notice that Zachariah again speaks of deliverance. He knew that the Messiah, the son of David and son of Abraham, had come to deliver God’s people, not from earthly powers for a limited time, but from spiritual powers for eternity. 

Three, he elaborates here on the reason for our deliverance.  The Messiah came to “grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear.” Why has Christ redeemed you? Why has he set you free from bondage to sin, Satan, and the fear of death and judgment? So that you might serve the LORD without fear. If this was true of the first exodus (Which it was. see Exodus 3:12, 4:23, 7:16, 8:1. Etc. In each of these texts and many more it is said that Israel was to be set free from bondage to serve the LORD), then how much more is it true of the second exodus! You have been set free from bondage to sin, Satan, and the fear of death and judgment, not to serve yourself and to live for the things of this world, but to worship and serve the Lord.  

Four, notice also the words of verse 75, “in holiness and righteousness before him all our days”. This speaks to what the Messiah would do for his people. Through his obedient life and sacrificial death, he would make all who have faith in him “[holy] and righteousness before” the Lord. We are not holy and righteous by nature. But through faith in the Messiah, we are made to be holy and righteous. In Christ, our sins are washed away and his righteousness is given to us. All of this is received by faith alone. And given the new life that the Spirit has given to those who believe, we do then progressively walk in righteousness and holiness more and more.

When God sent the Messiah into the world through the womb of the virgin Mary, it was “to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant, the oath that he swore to our father Abraham, to grant us that we, being delivered from the hand of our enemies, might serve him without fear, in holiness and righteousness before him all our days” (Luke 1:72–75, ESV).

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John Was The Prophet Who Would Prepare The Way

The third and final point of the sermon today is this: Zachariah was certain that his son, John, was the long-awaited prophet who would prepare the way for the Messiah.

As we read verses 76-79, we should imagine Zachariah looking at his newborn son, for he speaks to him, saying, “And you, child, will be called the prophet of the Most High; for you will go before the Lord to prepare his ways, to give knowledge of salvation to his people in the forgiveness of their sins, because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace” (Luke 1:76–79, ESV).

There were many prophets who ministered under the Old Covenant. But they spoke of a single prophet who would one day come and have the distinct privilege of preparing the way for the Messiah. Consider, for example, the word Malachi 3:1. There the Lord says,  “Behold, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me. And the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant in whom you delight, behold, he is coming, says the LORD of hosts” (Malachi 3:1, ESV). John was this messenger.

And notice this: his job was to prepare the way for the Lord himself! This makes perfect sense when we realize that Jesus the Messiah was no mere man, but was the Lord of glory, the eternal Son, or  Word of the Father, incarnate. 

And how would John prepare the way for him? By giving the “knowledge of salvation to [God’s] people in the forgiveness of their sins…” John preached, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (Matthew 3:2, ESV). He spoke to the people saying, “Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!” (John 1:29, ESV).

And why was John able to proclaim this message of salvation the forgiveness of sins? Answer: “Because of the tender mercy of our God, whereby the sunrise shall visit us from on high to give light to those who sit in darkness and in the shadow of death, to guide our feet into the way of peace.” 

Who are these who “sit in darkness and in the shadow of death” upon whom the light of Christ has shown with the brightness of the noonday sun? Well, in general, they are all those who have not believed in the good news of Jesus Christ. They sit in the darkness of their sin and they languish fearfully in the shadow of death. When the gospel of Christ is preached to them it shines like a light in the darkness as the Spirit works. In particular, those who sit in darkness and the shadow of death upon whom the light of Christ has shown, are the Gentile nations. For a very long time the promises of God concerning salvation through faith in the Messiah were confined mainly to Israel. But that would all change with the arrival of the Messiah and the establishment of the New Covenant. This gospel of Jesus Christ would be proclaimed to the end of the earth.                

The prophet Isaiah spoke of this day ahead of time, saying, “The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone.” (Isaiah 9:2, ESV). And in another place the Lord speaks through Isaiah and to the Messiah, saying, “I am the LORD; I have called you in righteousness; I will take you by the hand and keep you; I will give you as a covenant for the people, a light for the nations, to open the eyes that are blind, to bring out the prisoners from the dungeon, from the prison those who sit in darkness” (Isaiah 42:6–7, ESV).

Zachariah was now certain that his son, whose name is John, would prepare the way for this Messiah. Verse 80: “And the child grew and became strong in spirit, and he was in the wilderness until the day of his public appearance to Israel” (Luke 1:80, ESV).

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Conclusion

Please allow me to conclude now by offering a few very brief suggestions for application. 

One, as we grow in our certainty that Jesus was and is the Lord’s Messiah who was promised from long ago, let us join Zachariah in expressing our deep thankfulness and gratitude towards the Lord God of Israel for the great salvation that he has worked for us through him. 

Two, as we grow in our certainty that Jesus was and is the Lord’s Messiah who has freed us from all our enemies and forgiven us all our sins (if we have faith in him), let us worship and serve him all the more faithfully in holiness and righteousness all the days of our lives. 

Three, as we grow in our certainty that Jesus was and is the Lord’s Messiah who was promised from long ago, let us be more zealous to proclaim the good news of salvation through faith him to those who are sitting in darkness and in the shadow of death now – here in this place, and to the ends of the earth.