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Baptist Catechism 54 & 55

Q. 54. Which is the second commandment?

A. The second commandment is, “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or the likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth. Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them; for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me: and showing mercy unto thousands of them that love me and keep my commandments.” (Exodus 20:4-6)

Q. 55. What is required in the second commandment?

A. The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word. (Deut. 32:46; Matt. 28:20; Deut. 12:32)

Scripture Reading: Deuteronomy 12:28–32

“Be careful to obey all these words that I command you, that it may go well with you and with your children after you forever, when you do what is good and right in the sight of the LORD your God. When the LORD your God cuts off before you the nations whom you go in to dispossess, and you dispossess them and dwell in their land, take care that you be not ensnared to follow them, after they have been destroyed before you, and that you do not inquire about their gods, saying, ‘How did these nations serve their gods?—that I also may do the same.’ You shall not worship the LORD your God in that way, for every abominable thing that the LORD hates they have done for their gods, for they even burn their sons and their daughters in the fire to their gods. ‘Everything that I command you, you shall be careful to do. You shall not add to it or take from it.’” (Deuteronomy 12:28–32, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

As we continue our study of the ten commandments and come now to the second of the ten, I should remind you of something that we learned in 1 Timothy 1:8. There we learned that “the law is good, if one uses it lawfully…” (1 Timothy 1:8, ESV). The law is good, brothers and sisters. It is good in and of itself. It must be, for it comes from God’s hand. And it is good for us. The Christian must know God’s law and strive to obey it. But as we study God’s law do not forget how Paul qualified his statement. 

“Now we know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully.” The warning is that the law is not good for us if we misinterpret and misuse it. And how do men misuse the law? Well, stated very simply, men and women misuse the law when they see it as a way to gain right standing before God through the keeping of it. As we continue with our study of the ten commandments, please do not make that mistake. The law is good, but do not forget that we are sinners. We have violated God’s law in thought, word, and deed. We are, left to ourselves, guilty therefore. We are sinners saved by grace. We have received the forgiveness of our sins through faith in Christ who kept this law perfectly, whose blood was shed on behalf of sinners like you and me, for the wages of sin is death. How is the law good then? It is good in that it shows us our sin, convinces us of our need for a Savior, instructs us concerning the way of righteousness, and has been used by God to restrain evil in the world to this present day. God’s law is good, if we use it lawfully. And we are to keep it, not to earn God’s favor — for this he freely and graciously gives — but out of gratitude for all that God has done for us in Christ. 

In this sermon, we will begin to consider the second of the ten commandments, which is, “You shall not make for yourself a carved image…” (Exodus 20:4, ESV). 

You should probably be aware that the Lutheran and Roman Catholic traditions include this commandment in with the first, which is “you shall have no other God’s before me.” So, according to their numbering of things, the first commandment is “you shall have no other God’s before me”, and “you shall not make for yourself a carved image.” They still have ten commandments though. They get back to the number ten by dividing the last commandment, which forbids covetousness, into two. I believe that our numbering is more natural. For one, the last commandment forbidding covetousness does not need to be divided into two parts. It is more natural to see it as one. And two, commandments one and two (according to our numbering) are clearly distinct. 

The first commandment teaches us who we are to worship, and the second commandment teaches us how we are to worship.

In fact, you would do well to remember that the first four commandments are all about the worship of God. The first tells us who we are to worship. The second tells us how we are to worship him. The third instructs us concerning the attitude of our worship. And the fourth tells us about the time of worship — one day in seven is to be devoted to him as holy. 

Who are we to worship, brothers and sisters? God alone. How are we to worship? Not with images, but in the way that he prescribes in his word. 

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Catechism Explained

Next Sunday we will ask “What is forbidden in the second commandment?” And it will be then that we talk more directly about the prohibition of images in worship. Today we are asking, “What is required in the second commandment?” Clearly, the second commandment forbids something: “You shall not make for yourself a carved image…” But what does this commandment require? That is our question today. And our catechism is right to say that “The second commandment [requires] the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word.” (Deut. 32:46; Matt. 28:20; Deut. 12:32)

Think of the implications, brothers and sisters. When God says, no graven images, he is saying, you are to worship only me. And no, it is not up to you to decide how you are to worship. But you are to worship in the way that I require. When God says, “Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image… Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them…” He is claiming not only the right to be worshipped but the right to determine how. This is what our catechism is getting at. It is drawing our attention to what is implied in the second commandment. God not only demands our worship, he demands that we worship in a particular way, and this way of worship is revealed in his holy word.

Here in the second commandment, graven images are forbidden, but as we continue reading the law of Moses we find that God was even more specific. He revealed to Old Covenant Israel how they were to worship with great precision. And as you know he has also revealed how we who live under the New Covenant are to worship. 

The point is this, we are not free to determine for ourselves how God is to be worshipped, but are bound to “[receive, observe, and keep] pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word.” (Deut. 32:46; Matt. 28:20; Deut. 12:32)

This principle is implied in the second commandment itself, but it is explicitly stated in that Deuteronomy passage that was read earlier. There God spoke to Israel through Moses saying, “Be careful to obey all these words that I command you…” And “do not inquire about their gods [the false gods of the nations], saying, ‘How did these nations serve their gods?—that I also may do the same.’ You shall not worship the LORD your God in that way…”; and “Everything that I command you, you shall be careful to do. You shall not add to it or take from it.”

Brothers and sisters, God’s law establishes that we are not to go beyond what God has commanded nor are we to take away from what he has commanded regarding the worship of his most holy name.

Notice that our catechism teaches we are to receive what the word of God says regarding the proper worship of God. 

And having received his word, we are to observe or obey what the word of God says regarding the proper worship of God. 

And having obeyed his word regarding worship, we are to keep it purely and entirely. 

All of this might seem obvious to you and rather inconsequential. But I will tell you, it is not obvious to all. And it is certainly not inconsequential. This doctrine informs everything we do when we assemble together as Christ’s church for worship.

Why do we assemble for corporate worship every week and on  Sundays and not more or less frequently, or on some other day? Answer: God’s word.

And why do we do what we do when we assemble? Why do we pray, sing, read and teach the scriptures, baptize, and read the scriptures, and not more than this? Answer: God’s word. 

Now, are we free to make certain decisions based upon preference or prudence? Of course. We meet at 10am and not at 6am because 6am would be unnecessarily burdensome to the people of God. The sermon is typically 45-50 minutes long, and not three hours long — again, this is a matter of prudence. The time for worship (assuming it is on the Lord’s Day), the place, the language spoken, and the particular order in which we do things are called circumstances of worship. The circumstances may change, but the elements of worship may not. When the church assembles for worship the word of God is to be read and explained, the people of God are to pray and to sing, and the Lord’s Supper is to be observed (though there are differences of opinion regarding how often). These are the elements of worship for the New Covenant. Not more, and not less. The circumstances may change; the elements must not.

You should know that Christians and churches have different opinions about this. What has just been described to you goes by the name, “the regulative principle of worship”. This is the Reformed view, and it is our view. It is our belief that the scriptures regulate our worship. In Christ, we are free to worship as God has commanded only. And we are forbidden from adding anything to our worship not commanded in the Holy Scriptures. 

There is another view, and it goes by the name, “the normative principle of worship”. According to this view, the church is to do what God has commanded in worship but is also free to do whatever is not expressly forbidden. In other words, the only things off-limits are those things that God’s word directly forbids.    

Do I need to tell which view is more common today? I think you know. When churches include as elements of worship things like drama, poetry, painting exhibitions, dance, musical performances, and the like, they show that they have adopted the normative principle of worship. They imagine that they are free to do whatever they wish, provided that the scriptures do not forbid it. Think of where that will lead.

In fact, the situation is far worse in some churches. Some do incorporate into their worship things forbidden — things like images. And others neglect to do what God has commanded. The reading, preaching, and teaching of God’s word is neglected in many churches.  And so too is the proper observation of the Lord’s Supper, to mention a couple of things. 

These have forgotten God’s law, which says, “Everything that I command you, you shall be careful to do. You shall not add to it or take from it.” (Deuteronomy 12:32, ESV)

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Conclusion

Brothers and sisters, we are not immune from this. We must as a congregation be resolute to “[receive, observe, and keep] pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word.” We must be on guard lest we neglect or go beyond what God has commanded. Man has this awful tendency to think that his ways are better than God’s ways. Some have called it “will worship”. We are prone to bow before the altar of our own desires and creativity. We must resist this, brothers and sisters. Instead, we must be eager to submit to God, to receive his word, and to be found faithful in the keeping of it, knowing that his ways are best. 

Q. 55. What is required in the second commandment?

A. The second commandment requireth the receiving, observing, and keeping pure and entire, all such religious worship and ordinances, as God has appointed in His Word. (Deut. 32:46; Matt. 28:20; Deut. 12:32)