Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #28 (Week 3 of 3)

Doctrinal Standard #28 (3 of 3 weeks)

  • Q. How is Christ exalted?
  • A. Christ is exalted by His rising from the dead on the third day, His going up into heaven, His sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and His coming to judge the world at the last day.

Memory Verses

  • “For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil” (2 Corinthians 5:10, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: John 5:19-29
  • Support Passages: Matthew 13:36-43, 25:31-46; Acts 10:34-43, 17:30-31; Romans 2:1-8; II Corinthians 5:10; II Thessalonians 1; Hebrews 9:27-28; II Peter 3; Revelation 20-22
  • Bible Story: John 11:17-44

Thoughts

  • “The second coming will also issue in the great final judgment. This is for many people one of the most frightening prospects regarding the future, and well it might be for those who are apart from Christ and consequently will be judged to be among the unrighteous. For those who are in Christ, however, it is something to look forward to, for it will vindicate their lives.”
  • Jesus pictured himself as sitting on a glorious throne and judging all nations (Matt. 25:31-33). Although God is spoken of as the judge in Hebrews 12:23, it is clear from several other references that he delegates this authority to the Son. Jesus himself said, ‘Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son… And He has given him authority to judge because He is the Son of Man” (John 5:22,27). Peter told the gathering in Cornelius’s house, “[Jesus] commanded us to preach to the people and to testify that he is the one Paul informed the Athenians that God ‘has set a day when he will judge the world with justice by the man he has appointed. He has given proof of this to all men by raising him from the dead’ (Acts 17:31). And Paul wrote to the Corinthians, ‘For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad’ (2 Cor. 5:10). Second Timothy 4:1 states that Christ is to judge the living and the dead. [1]
  • While true believers will be judges and accepted based on the perfect sacrifice and righteousness of Jesus Christ they will still be judged  for the things they have “done while in the body, whether good or bad” (2 Cor. 5:10). It is during this judgment that Christ will “evaluate and bestow various degrees of reward, but the fact that they will face such judgment should never cause believers to fear that they will be eternally condemned. Jesus say, ‘He who hears my words and believes Him who sent me, has eternal life; He does not come into judgment, but has passed from death into life’” (John 5:24). [2]

Discussion Questions

  • Why does Jesus have the authority to judge the world?
  • How will believers in Jesus Christ be judged?
  • Will Christians be held accountable for their actions? Explain
  • How do you feel about the fact that you will be judged by Jesus Christ?
  • How should Christians feel about the judgment of Jesus Christ?
  • Can we do anything to prepare for the judgment of Jesus Christ?


[1] Erickson, Millard J. (1998). Christian Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Baker Books.

[2] Grudem, Wayne (1994). Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Zondervan Publishing House.


Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #28 (Week 2 of 3)

Doctrinal Standard #28 (2 of 3 weeks)

  • Q. How is Christ exalted?
  • A. Christ is exalted by His rising from the dead on the third day, His going up into heaven, His sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and His coming to judge the world at the last day.

Memory Verses

  • If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is, seated at the right hand of God” (Colossians 3:1, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: Revelation 1
    • Support Passages: Psalm 110:1 (quoted in Matthew 22:44, Mark 12:36, Luke 20:42; Matthew 26:64) Mark 14:62, 16:19; Luke 22:69; Acts 2:33-34, 5:30-32; Ephesians 1:20-23; Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 10:12-14; I Peter 3:22
    • Bible Story: Acts 7:54-60

Thoughts

  • Last week we examined the same doctrinal standard but focused on Christ being exalted through His resurrection and ascension. This week we will focus on Christ’s being exalted sitting at the right hand of God. Millard J. Erickson in his book Christian Theology provides a great explanation on the significance of Christ seated at the right hand of God.
  • “Jesus’ ascension means that he is now seated at the right hand of the Father. Jesus himself predicted this in His statement before the high priest (Matt. 26:64). Peter referred to the session at the Father’s right hand in his Pentecost sermon (Acts 2:33-36) and before the council (Acts 5:31). It is also mentioned in the Ephesians 1:20-22; Hebrews 10:12; 1 Peter 3:22; and Revelation 3:21; 22:1. The significance of all this is that the right hand is the place of distinction and power. Recall how James and John desired to sit at Christ’s right hand, and at his left as well (Mark 10:37-40). Jesus’ sitting at the right hand of God should not be interpreted as a matter of rest or inactivity. It is a symbol of authority and active rule. The right hand is also the place where Jesus is ever making intercession with the Father on our behalf. (Heb. 7:25).” [1]
    (See WSC #25 and lesson 32-34 for more information on Christ’s intercession)

 

Discussion Questions

  • Where is Christ currently at?
  • What is the significance of Christ sitting at the right hand of God?
  • What benefit do we as believers receive from Christ being seated at the right hand of God? (Refer to WSC # 25 and lessons #32-34).
  • What power and authority does Christ hold as he sits at the right hand of God?
  • How does it make you feel that Christ is alive and sitting at the right hand of God?


[1] Erickson, Millard J. (1998). Christian Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Baker Books.


Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #28 (Week 1 of 3)

Doctrinal Standard #28 (1 of 3 weeks)

  • Q. How is Christ exalted?
  • A. Christ is exalted by His rising from the dead on the third day, His going up into heaven, His sitting at the right hand of God the Father, and His coming to judge the world at the last day.

Memory Verses

  • “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth” (Acts 1:8, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: Acts 1:1-11
  • Support Passages: Matthew 27:62-28:20; Mark 15:42-16:20; Luke 23:50-24:53; John 19:38-21:25; I Corinthians 15:1-11; I Timothy 3:16
  • Bible Story: The resurrection of Christ from the gospels  Matthew 27:62-28:20; Mark 15:42-16:20; Luke 23:50-24:53; John 19:38-21:25

Thoughts

  • Wayne Grudem in his systematic theology book explains the significance of the resurrection within the lives of believers.
  • “Christ’s resurrection insures our regeneration: Peter says that ‘we have been born anew to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead’ (1 Peter 1:3). Here he explicitly connects Jesus’ resurrection with our regeneration or new birth. When Jesus rose from the head He had a new quality of life, a ‘resurrection life’ in a human body and human spirit that were perfectly suited for fellowship and obedience to God forever. In His resurrection, Jesus earned for us a new life just like his. We do not receive all of that new ‘resurrection life’ when we become Christians, for our bodies remain as they were, still subject to weakness, aging, and death. But in our spirits we are made alive with new resurrection power.  Thus it is through his resurrection that Christ earned for us the new kind of life we receive when we are ‘born again.’”
  • “Christ’ resurrection insures our justification: In only one passage does Paul explicitly connect Christ’s resurrection with our justification (or our receiving a declaration that we are not guilty but righteous before God). Paul says that Jesus ‘was put to death for our trespasses and raised for our justification’ (Rom. 4:25). When Christ was raised from the dead, it was God’s declaration of approval of Christ’s work of redemption. Because Christ ‘humbled himself and became him…’ (Phil 2:9). By raising Christ from the dead, God the Father was in effect saying that he approved of Christ’s work of suffering and dying for our sins, that His work was completed, and that Christ no longer had any need to remain dead. There was no penalty left to pay for sin, no more wrath of God to bear, no more guilt or liability to punishment.”
  • “Christ’s resurrection insures that we will receive perfect resurrection bodies as well: The New Testament several times connects Jesus’ resurrection with our final bodily resurrection. ‘And God raised the Lord and will also raise us up by his power (1 Cor. 6:14). Similarly, ‘He who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us also with Jesus and bring us with you into his presence’ (2 Cor. 4:14). But the most extensive discussion of the connection between Christ’s resurrection and our own is found in 1 Corinthians 15:12-58. There Paul says that Christ the ‘first fruits of those who have fallen asleep’ (1 Cor. 15:20)… Just as the ‘first fruits’ or the first taste of the ripening crop show what the rest of the harvest will be like for that crop, so Christ as the ‘first fruits’ shows what our resurrection bodies will be like when, in God’s final ‘harvest,’ he raises us from the dead and brings us into his presence.”  [1]
  • The memory verse speaks of the power that believers will have when the Holy Spirit comes and dwells within them. According to scripture the indwelling of the Holy Spirit took place after the resurrection and accession of Jesus Christ. “The sending of the Holy Spirit was important, for whereas Jesus could work with the disciples only through the external teaching and example, the Holy Spirit could work within them (John 14:17). Having more intimate access to the centers of their lives, He would be able to do the works that Jesus did, and even greater ones (John 14:12). And through the Holy Spirit’s ministry, the Triune God would be present with them; thus Jesus could say that He would be with them forever (Matt. 28:20).” [2]

Discussion Questions

  • Quickly review how Jesus Christ was humiliated and contrast that with how he was exalted.
  • Explain how Christ’s resurrection is much more than a historical event? (Refer to the “thoughts” section above).
  • What is the benefit of Christ’s resurrection and ascension in the lives of believers? (Refer to the “thoughts” section above).
  • How do the benefits or significance Christ’ resurrection make you feel?
  • In your own words explain the importance of Jesus’ resurrection and ascension.


[1] Grudem, Wayne (1994). Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Zondervan Publishing House.

[2] Erickson, Millard J. (1998). Christian Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Baker Books.


Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #27 (Week 2 of 2)

Doctrinal Standard #27 (2 of 2 weeks)

  • Q. How was Christ humiliated?
  • A. Christ was humiliated: by being born as a man and born into a poor family; by being made subject to the law and suffering the miseries of this life, the anger of God, and the curse of death on the cross; and by being buried and remaining under the power of death for a time.

Memory Verses         

  • I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me” (Galatians 2:20, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: Matthew 26:1-27:56; Mark 14:1-15:41; Luke 22:39-23:49; John 18:1-19:37
  • Support Passages: Psalm 16:10, 68:18; Acts 2:22-28, 4:23-28, 13:32-37; Ephesians 4:9; I Peter 3:18-19
  • Bible Story: Same as the study passages

Thoughts

  • This doctrinal standard does a great job explaining how Christ humiliated himself for the sake of redeeming his people. While there is great truth to this doctrinal standard, we must be careful to understanding that when Christ became man he did not cease being God.  C.I. Williamson in his book, The Westminster Shorter Catechism does a great job explaining the importance of this truth and how there has a lot of false teaching in this area throughout church history. Williamson explains that, “it is necessary to make it quite clear, however, that when Jesus did this (become man), He did not in doing it cease to be God. He did not in His state of humiliation, cease to be ‘the same in substance’ and equal ‘in power and glory’ with respect to the Father and the Holy Spirit. Some have seriously erred in teaching this wrong view. This teaching is called the kenosis doctrine. The Greek word kenosis is found in Philippians 2:7, and is sometimes translated as ‘emptied.’ Those who prefer this translation sometimes say that Jesus emptied Himself of His divine attributes. They say He left his divine nature, as it were, or at least his divine powers, when He became man. We could well say that, according to this false view, Christ’s humiliation meant the subtraction of his deity.”
  • Williamson provides a few reasons for why this belief is false. “But the true view is that Christ’s humiliation consisted – not in the fact that His divine nature, or attributes, were subtracted from Him – but in fact that a true human nature was added to Him. There are a number of reasons why this false kenosis doctrine must be rejected. (1) It must be rejected because it would suggest the idea that Christ’s divine nature was changeable. But God is unchangeable. (2) It must be rejected because the scripture clearly teaches that Jesus was God even in his estate of humiliation. ‘That holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the son of God.’ Said the angel (Luke 1:35). (3) It must be rejected because it does not solve the ‘mystery’ of the incarnation. We cannot fully understand the astounding fact that the second person of the Godhead, without any diminution of his divine attributes, became a real man. But this subtraction theory does not help explain the mystery. It only makes it more unintelligible.”
  • It is important to note that, “while our Lord’s humiliation did not involve any subtraction of deity, it did involve what we may perhaps call a ‘veiling’ of his deity, for a time. It is quite evident, from the Bible, that many people who saw Jesus did not – from that fact alone – realize that he was God. Neither did Jesus manifest His divine power and glory until He entered upon his public and official work as the Messiah.”  [1]

Discussion Questions

  • When Jesus became a man were things added or taken away from his nature and attribute? Explain.
  • How do you know that nothing in Jesus’ nature or attributes were taken away when he became a man?
  • If Jesus is fully God, why didn’t people recognize him as so here on earth?
  • In the memorize verse Paul writes, I have been crucified with Christ.” What does this mean?
  • How do we partake and benefit of Christ’s humiliation?

 

 


[1] Williamson, C.I. (2003). The Westminster Shorter Catechism – 2nd Edition. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA; P&R Publishing Company.


Catechism Insight – Review Doctrinal Standards WSC #22-27

Doctrinal Standards

WSC #22
Q. How did Christ, the Son of God, become man?
A. Christ, the Son of God, became man by assuming a real body and a reasoning soul. He was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit in the womb of the Virgin Mary, who gave birth to Him; yet He was sinless.

WSC #23
Q. How is Christ our redeemer?
A. As our redeemer, Christ is a prophet, priest, and king in both His humiliation and His exaltation.

WSC #24
How is Christ a prophet?
As a prophet, Christ reveals the will of God to us for our salvation by His word and Spirit.

WSC #25
Q. How is Christ a priest?
A. As a priest, Christ offered Himself up once as a sacrifice for us to satisfy divine justice and to reconcile us to God, and He continually intercedes for us.

WSC #26
Q. How is Christ a king?
A. As a king, Christ brings us under His power, rules and defends us, and retrains and conquers all His and all our enemies.

WSC #27
Q. How was Christ humiliated?
A. Christ was humiliated: by being born as a man and born into a poor family; by being made subject to the law and suffering the miseries of this life, the anger of God, and the curse of death on the cross; and by being buried and remaining under the power of death for a time.

Memory Verses

  • “But in your hearts honor Christ the Lord as holy, always being prepared to make a defense to anyone who asks you for a reason for the hope that is in you; yet do it with gentleness and respect.” (1 Peter 3:15, ESV)

Scripture

  • Study Passage: 1 Peter 3:8-22

Thoughts

  • This should be a time of reflection, assessment, and re-teaching.
  • There are a couple of different ways to approach this review lesson. First, the review questions and answers could be made into a game that forces the students to remember what they have learned while assessing their understanding. Another idea is to quiz each student on each of the 10 questions making sure to encourage and celebrate their accomplishments. Last, it would be beneficial to review each of the question and answers drawing out their central truths and mentioning how they are connected.

Discussion Questions

  • What does doctrinal standard mean?
  • Why is important to know facts and these doctrinal standards found in the Bible?
  • What errors can take place if we don’t know what scripture teaches?
  • According to 1 Peter 3:8-22 (specifically verse 15) why should we know scripture?

Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #27 (Week 1 of 2)

Doctrinal Standard #27 (Week 1 of 2)

  • Q. How was Christ humiliated?
  • A. Christ was humiliated: by being born as a man and born into a poor family; by being made subject to the law and suffering the miseries of this life, the anger of God, and the curse of death on the cross; and by being buried and remaining under the power of death for a time.

Memory Verses

  • “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons.” (Galatians 4:4–5, ESV)

Scripture

  • Study Passage: Philippians 2:5-11
    • Support Passages: Luke 2:7, II Corinthians 8:9, Galatians 4:4-5, Hebrews 2:9, 14
    • Bible Story: Hebrews 11:24-28, Exodus 2

Thoughts

  • C.I. Williamson breaks down the rather large catechism answer into more manageable parts and provides a helpful visual to illustrate Christ’s humiliation (see attached). Below is an excerpt taken from his book, The Westminster Shorter Catechism (pg. 118-119).
  •  Christ was humiliated: by being born as a man and born into a poor family (1) by being made subject to the law (2) and suffering the miseries of this life (3), the anger of God (4), and the curse of death on the cross (5); and by being buried (6) and remaining under the power of death for a time (7).
  1. And she gave birth to her firstborn son and wrapped him in swaddling cloths and laid him in a manger, because there was no place for them in the inn.” (Luke 2:7)
  2. “But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law.” (Gal. 4:4)
  3. “He was despised and rejected by men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief.” (Isa. 53:3)
  4. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, ‘Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?’ that is, ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?”(Matt. 27:46)
  5. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.” (Phil. 2:8)
  6. He was buried.” (Cor. 15:4)
  7. He rose on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures.” (1 Cor. 15:4)

Discussion Questions

  • What does humiliation mean?
  • What are examples of Christ’s humiliation?
  • Why do you think Christ had to experience these various things?
  • How does this reveal God’s love?
  • How does this knowledge affect your heart? How does it make you feel?

 

Williamson, C.I. (2003). The Westminster Shorter Catechism – 2nd Edition. Phillipsburg, New Jersey, USA; P&R Publishing Company.


Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #26 (Week 3 of 3)

Doctrinal Standard #26 (Week 3 of 3)

  • Q. How is Christ a king?
  • A. As a king, Christ brings us under His power, rules and defends us, and restrains and conquers all His and all our enemies.

Memory Verses

  • “Then Jesus told his disciples, “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me. 25 For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it. 26 For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world and forfeits his soul? Or what shall a man give in return for his soul?” (Matthew 16:24–26, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: Matthew 16:13-28
    • Support Passages: Discipline: Mark 8:27-33, Luke 9:18-22, John 6:68-69; II Thessalonians 3:6, 14-15; Officers: Acts 14:20-23, 20:28; I Timothy 3; Acts 6; Offices: Ephesians 4:1-16; 1 Corinthians 12; Judgment: John 5:19-29; Law: Matthew 5-7
    • Bible Story: Matthew 17:1-8

Thoughts

  • “After [Jesus’] resurrection, [he] was given by God the Father far greater authority over the church and over the universe. God raised him up and ‘made him sit at his right hand in the heavenly places, far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in that which is to come; and he has put all things under his feet and has made him the head over all things for the church’ (Eph. 1:20-22; Matt. 28:18; 1 Cor. 15:25). That authority over the church and over the universe will be more fully recognized by people when Jesus returns to earth in power and great glory to reign (Matt. 26:64; 2 Thes. 1:7-10; Rev 19:11-16). On that day he will be acknowledged as ‘King of kings and Lord of lords’ (Rev. 19:16) and every knee shall bow to him (Phil. 2:10).” [1]
  • Every human being is a worshiper. We either worship the creation or the creator. As Christians we are called by Christ to deny our desires to worship self, material possessions, and the lust of the world. Christ has called us to die to ourselves and to live and worship the true and living King! When we submit our lives to the one and only King Jesus we begin to experience a life full of “love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control” (Galatians 5:22–23).

Discussion Questions

  • What does it mean that Jesus is King over all?
  • How does this make you feel?
  • The memory verse tells us to deny ourselves and take up our cross. What does that mean?
  • What does Jesus mean when he said, “for whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it”?
  • Why is it wise that we follow King Jesus instead of all our desires?

 



[1] Grudem, Wayne (1994). Systematic Theology. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA; Zondervan Publishing House.


Catechism Insight – Doctrinal Standard WSC #25 (Week 3 of 3)

Doctrinal Standard #25 (Week 3 of 3)

  • Q. How is Christ a priest?
  • A. As a priest, Christ offered Himself up once as a sacrifice for us to satisfy divine justice and to reconcile us to God, and He continually intercedes for us.

Memory Verses

  • “ Who is to condemn? Christ Jesus is the one who died—more than that, who was raised—who is at the right hand of God, who indeed is interceding for us” (Romans 8:34, ESV).

Scripture

  • Study Passage: John 17
  • Support Passages: John 14:6; Romans 8:31-39; Hebrews 4:14-16, 7:23-8:3; I John 1:9-2:2
  • Bible Story: Numbers 16

Thoughts

  • According to John 17, while Jesus Christ was on earth he prayed for his current disciples and for those who would believe. Jesus prayed that the Father would “keep” all those who are His (assurance of salvation). Jesus prayed to the Father and asked Him to allow His followers to have His joy. He asked God to not take His followers out of the world but to “keep them from the evil one.” He asked the Father to sanctify, or, to set apart believers by the word of truth. Jesus prayed that all of His current and future followers might be of one mind in a loving community of faith.  Jesus also prayed that His followers would one day return with Christ and witness His magnificent glory.
  • Not only does Jesus Christ pray to and interact with God on our behalf, He also communicated to mankind on God’s behalf. Jesus mentions in His prayer (John 17) that He accomplished the work that the Father had given Him. Jesus mentions how He came from the Father bringing the truth of God to the world. Hebrews 1:1–4 explains it this way, “long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world. He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power. After making purification for sins, he sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high, having become as much superior to angels as the name he has inherited is more excellent than theirs.”
  • Jesus Christ, as our High Priest, intercedes on our behalf before God the Father and He intercedes on God’s behalf before us. When we worship God the Father, Jesus Christ is the conduit or the door by which we are able to approach and be accepted before our Mighty Lord.

Discussion Questions

  • Read John 17. Who is Jesus praying for?
  • How does this make you feel?
  • List and discuss the types of things Jesus prayed for.
  • How does this make you feel?
  • Why do we need Jesus to intercede or mediate for us?
  • Jesus intercedes for us before God, but how does Jesus intercede for God before us?


"Him we proclaim,
warning everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom,
that we may present everyone mature in Christ."
(Colossians 1:28, ESV)

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