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Old Testament Reading: Genesis 19

“The two angels came to Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them and bowed himself with his face to the earth and said, ‘My lords, please turn aside to your servant’s house and spend the night and wash your feet. Then you may rise up early and go on your way.’ They said, ‘No; we will spend the night in the town square.’ But he pressed them strongly; so they turned aside to him and entered his house. And he made them a feast and baked unleavened bread, and they ate. But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both young and old, all the people to the last man, surrounded the house. And they called to Lot, ‘Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know them.’ Lot went out to the men at the entrance, shut the door after him, and said, ‘I beg you, my brothers, do not act so wickedly. Behold, I have two daughters who have not known any man. Let me bring them out to you, and do to them as you please. Only do nothing to these men, for they have come under the shelter of my roof.’ But they said, ‘Stand back!’ And they said, ‘This fellow came to sojourn, and he has become the judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them.’ Then they pressed hard against the man Lot, and drew near to break the door down. But the men reached out their hands and brought Lot into the house with them and shut the door. And they struck with blindness the men who were at the entrance of the house, both small and great, so that they wore themselves out groping for the door. Then the men said to Lot, ‘Have you anyone else here? Sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or anyone you have in the city, bring them out of the place. For we are about to destroy this place, because the outcry against its people has become great before the LORD, and the LORD has sent us to destroy it.’ So Lot went out and said to his sons-in-law, who were to marry his daughters, ‘Up! Get out of this place, for the LORD is about to destroy the city.’ But he seemed to his sons-in-law to be jesting. As morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, ‘Up! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, lest you be swept away in the punishment of the city.’ But he lingered. So the men seized him and his wife and his two daughters by the hand, the LORD being merciful to him, and they brought him out and set him outside the city. And as they brought them out, one said, ‘Escape for your life. Do not look back or stop anywhere in the valley. Escape to the hills, lest you be swept away.’ And Lot said to them, ‘Oh, no, my lords. Behold, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have shown me great kindness in saving my life. But I cannot escape to the hills, lest the disaster overtake me and I die. Behold, this city is near enough to flee to, and it is a little one. Let me escape there—is it not a little one?—and my life will be saved!’ He said to him, ‘Behold, I grant you this favor also, that I will not overthrow the city of which you have spoken. Escape there quickly, for I can do nothing till you arrive there.’ Therefore the name of the city was called Zoar. The sun had risen on the earth when Lot came to Zoar. Then the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the LORD out of heaven. And he overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground. But Lot’s wife, behind him, looked back, and she became a pillar of salt. And Abraham went early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD. And he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and toward all the land of the valley, and he looked and, behold, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace. So it was that, when God destroyed the cities of the valley, God remembered Abraham and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow when he overthrew the cities in which Lot had lived. Now Lot went up out of Zoar and lived in the hills with his two daughters, for he was afraid to live in Zoar. So he lived in a cave with his two daughters. And the firstborn said to the younger, ‘Our father is old, and there is not a man on earth to come in to us after the manner of all the earth. Come, let us make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him, that we may preserve offspring from our father.’ So they made their father drink wine that night. And the firstborn went in and lay with her father. He did not know when she lay down or when she arose. The next day, the firstborn said to the younger, ‘Behold, I lay last night with my father. Let us make him drink wine tonight also. Then you go in and lie with him, that we may preserve offspring from our father.’ So they made their father drink wine that night also. And the younger arose and lay with him, and he did not know when she lay down or when she arose. Thus both the daughters of Lot became pregnant by their father. The firstborn bore a son and called his name Moab. He is the father of the Moabites to this day. The younger also bore a son and called his name Ben-ammi. He is the father of the Ammonites to this day.” (Genesis 19, ESV)

New Testament Reading: 2 Peter 2:4–10

“For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment; if he did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, with seven others, when he brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly; if by turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes he condemned them to extinction, making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly; and if he rescued righteous Lot, greatly distressed by the sensual conduct of the wicked (for as that righteous man lived among them day after day, he was tormenting his righteous soul over their lawless deeds that he saw and heard); then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment until the day of judgment, and especially those who indulge in the lust of defiling passion and despise authority. Bold and willful, they do not tremble as they blaspheme the glorious ones…” (2 Peter 2:4–10, ESV)A

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Introduction

I have emphasized in the pervious two sermons that the events recorded for us in Genesis chapters 18 and 19 have a prototypical character to them. By that I mean, not only were these real events that actually happened in the days of Abraham, they also taught Abraham, his descendents — and yes, even you and me — something about what would happen in the world again and again culminating in the consummation of all things at the return of Christ. Just as prototype of a car shows what the actual car will look like when it is built, so too many of the historical events recorded in the Bible functioned as prototypes of events yet to come. They were real events, but they were also events that revealed something about the plans and purposes of God..

As I have said, these events really happened. Abraham was truly set apart in the world as unique and holy. Abraham did intercede on behalf of Sodom. The LORD was faithful to preserve his chosen ones who lived in the midst of Sodom. And indeed, The LORD did pour out his wrath upon that place. These events really happened. But these events were not ordinary events. They also revealed something. They showed something of God’s plan for the future. They established a pattern that would be repeated.

What do the events of Genesis 18 and 19 teach us about God’s plan? Let me state the matter succinctly. One, the LORD, by his grace, will always have a people that belong to him in the world. Two, those who belong to him are to live in obedience to the LORD as they interceded for the nations. Three, the LORD will be faithful to preserve his people even as they live in the midst of wickedness. And four, the LORD will certainly judge. He is indeed a God of mercy and of grace, but he is also holy, righteous and just. He will certainly punish sin. 

In Genesis chapter 19, which is our sermon text for today, we see the last two of these principles portrayed. Notice three things about this chapter. One, the LORD was faithful to preserve compromising Lot. Two, the LORD Judged the wickedness of Sodom. Three, in these events the LORD did answer the prayer of Abraham. 

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The LORD Preserved Compromising Lot

First of all, let us consider that the LORD was faithful to preserve compromising Lot.

How are we to think of this man, Lot? Did he have true faith? Was he righteous? Or is he to be numbered amongst the non-believing and unfaithful of the world? 

Ultimately, we must confess that Lot was a righteous man. He had the faith of Abraham, and was justified by faith, just as Abraham was. How do we know this? For two reasons. 

One, the New Testament directly says that he was a righteous man. That statement is found in that 2 Peter 2 passage that was read at the begging of the sermon. In verses 7 we read, “and if he rescued righteous Lot, greatly distressed by the sensual conduct of the wicked (for as that righteous man lived among them day after day, he was tormenting his righteous soul over their lawless deeds that he saw and heard); then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment until the day of judgment…” (2 Peter 2:6–9, ESV)

Did you hear the way that Peter interpreted the events surrounding the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra? He said what I have already said (I got it from him, and not he from me!), that these events were prototypical. They demonstrated that the “Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment until the day of judgment…” And what did Peter have to say about Lot? The text explicitly says that Lot was righteous and godly. Evidently his soul was tormented by the “lawless deeds that he saw and heard” around him.

And so how should we view Lot? We are to view him as a righteous man, for the New Testament describes him as such. And the narrative of Genesis 19 also points in that direction. Did you notice that Lot showed the two visitors (who were really angels) hospitality in much the same way that Abraham did. He pleaded with the men to stay with him. He prepared a feast for them. He was clearly concerned for their wellbeing. He is portrayed as a good and hospitable man, just like Abraham. And we should not forget that the LORD rescued Lot before destroying Sodom demonstrating that Lot belonged to the LORD. Clearly, Lot was a righteous man who lived among wicked men. 

Now, if it is true that Lot was a righteous man of faith, why then do I call him “compromising Lot”? I describe him in that way because the narrative of Genesis also points in that direction. He seems to have compromised. He seems to have drifted away a bit from a sincere and single hearted devotion to the LORD. Did Lot belong to the LORD? Yes, he did! But it appears that the world also had a bit of a hold on him. 

Remember how Lot moved away from Abraham as recorded in Genesis 13. It was noted then that Lot seemed to loose interest in being closely allied with Abraham, who was blessed of God. He also seemed impressed with affluence of Sodom. That narrative concluded with these ominous words: “Abram settled in the land of Canaan, while Lot settled among the cities of the valley and moved his tent as far as Sodom. Now the men of Sodom were wicked, great sinners against the LORD” (Genesis 13:12–13, ESV). And so Lot seemed to drift away from Abraham, and from the blessings of covenant which the LORD had made with him.  

Let us not forget that Lot was capture and needed to be rescued by Abraham. This also contributes to the idea that he was, to a certain extent, entangled with and swallowed up by the word. 

And notice a few things about the narrative of Genesis 19. Lot was no longer living in tents near Sodom. Now he was sitting in the city gate (v. 1). This indicates that he was somewhat well respected in that place. He had assimilated to some degree. Notice also how when the men of Sodom pressed Lot to hand over his guests he offered his virgin daughters to them instead (v. 8). This does not seem right. Consider also that when Lot spoke his sons in law concerning the looming judgement, his sons in law did not take him seriously (v. 14). In verses 16 we are told that Lot lingered in Sodom when he was urged to leave. The angels had to drag him out of the city. They “seized him and his wife and his two daughters by the hand, the LORD being merciful to him, and they brought him out and set him outside the city” (Genesis 19:16, ESV). And remember that Lot’s wife looked back because she loved that place (v. 26). And what are we to say of the perverse thing that Lot’s daughters did in seeking to preserve their father line (vs. 30-38)?

I do not doubt that Lot had the faith of Abraham. I’m sure that he was a righteous man — godly in comparison to the world around him. The scriptures clearly say that he was. But the narrative of Genesis also strongly suggests that Lot was somewhat entangled with the world. The narrative also seems to highlight all of the trouble and heartache that his compromising.

APPLICATION: Friends, this can happen to any of God’s people if they are not diligent to tend to the garden of their  souls. How easy it is for weeds to sprout up to choke out the vitality of our faith. Covetousness is like a cancer to the soul. Love for the world will inevitably cause our love for God and for the things of God to grow cold. This is why the scriptures warn against these things. 

“But godliness with contentment is great gain, for we brought nothing into the world, and we cannot take anything out of the world. But if we have food and clothing, with these we will be content. But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation, into a snare, into many senseless and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils. It is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pangs” (1 Timothy 6:6–10, ESV).

“Do not love the world or the things in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh and the desires of the eyes and pride of life—is not from the Father but is from the world. And the world is passing away along with its desires, but whoever does the will of God abides forever” (1 John 2:15–17, ESV).

The exhortation of Hebrews 3:12-14 seems appropriate here: “Take care, brothers [and sisters], lest there be in any of you an evil, unbelieving heart, leading you to fall away from the living God. But exhort one another every day, as long as it is called ‘today,’ that none of you may be hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. For we have come to share in Christ, if indeed we hold our original confidence firm to the end” (Hebrews 3:12–14, ESV).

Though Lot was compromising, he truly belonged to the LORD, and so the LORD preserved him? The LORD always preserves those who belong to him. You have the responsibility to persevere, be he always preserves his people. You can be sure of this, “that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion at the day of Jesus Christ” (Philippians 1:6, ESV).

The mercy of God shown to his people is vividly portrayed in this episode. Lot, having been thoroughly warned of the judgement to come, lingered in the city. Sometimes we “linger” in our sin, don’t we? Sometimes we wallow in the mire having grown comfortable and complacent with the filth. But do you see that the LORD was merciful to Lot. Quite literally he was pulled out of the wicked place by the messengers. “The men seized him and his wife and his two daughters by the hand, the LORD being merciful to him, and they brought him out and set him outside the city” (Genesis 19:16, ESV). 

Lot would have perished if left to himself. But by the grace of God he was spared. This is true of you and me if we are in Christ Jesus. If left to ourselves we would surely perish. Left to ourselves we would too would think little of the warnings of God. We too would linger in our sin. “But God, being rich in mercy, because of the great love with which he loved us, even when we were dead in our trespasses, made us alive together with Christ—by grace you have been saved— and raised us up with him and seated us with him in the heavenly places in Christ Jesus, so that in the coming ages he might show the immeasurable riches of his grace in kindness toward us in Christ Jesus. For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:4–9, ESV).

Don’t you see, brothers and sisters, how the LORD  preserved compromising Lot. And don’t you see that he shows the same kindness to you and me if we are his in Christ Jesus. He is faithful to give his elect the gift of faith, and he is also faithful preserve them to the end, thanks be to God. 

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The LORD Judged The Wickedness Of Sodom

Secondly, let us give attention to the fact that the LORD judged the wickedness of Sodom. 

Indeed it is true “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23, ESV), but it is also true that some people and peoples are more wicked than others. This was certainly true of the people of Sodom. Remember what was said of them in Genesis 13:13 — “Now the men of Sodom were wicked, great sinners against the LORD” (Genesis 13:13, ESV). And remember what the LORD said of them in Genesis 18:20 — “Then the LORD said, ‘Because the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great and their sin is very grave, I will go down to see whether they have done altogether according to the outcry that has come to me. And if not, I will know’” (Genesis 18:20–21, ESV). The narrative of Genesis 19 clarifies the nature and extent of their sin. 

Notice how eager and insistent Lot was to have these two visitors stay with him, and not in the city square as they had planned. Sure, Lot was hospitable. But he also knew what would happen to them if they slept out in the open. And notice that his plan was to send the two on their way first thing in the morning. If Lot were speaking more directly to the two he would have said, there is no way you are sleeping in the open square tonight. You have no idea what the men in this town will do you. Stay at my house and then leave at first light. 

So great was the wickedness in Sodom that the men of the city — each one, young and old — surrounded Lot’s house at night. They demanded to have the men so that they might “know them”. Clearly the meaning is that they desired to know them sexually. And after Lot tried to reason with them and begged them not to do such a wicked thing, they pressed even harder and said, “‘This fellow came to sojourn, and he has become the judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them…’ and [they] drew near to break the door down” (Genesis 19:9, ESV).

The men of Sodom were sexually perverse. They practiced homosexuality. In fact, it was worse than that. They were violent men who forced themselves upon others. Now we better understand what the LORD meant when he told Abraham that “the outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is great and their sin is very grave” (Genesis 18:20, ESV). These were brutal and oppressive men. Who knows how many victims had cried out to God for justice prior to the day when the LORD poured out his wrath. 

Homosexuality is sin. The scriptures are very clear concerning this. It is a perversion of God’s design.  

But rape, either of the heterosexual or homosexual kind, is a very grave sin, for it involves a victim. 

So great was the sin of Sodom — so widespread was the sin of homosexuality, and so common the grave sin of homosexual rape — that the LORD determined to make an end of that people, and this he did. Verse 23: “The sun had risen on the earth when Lot came to Zoar. Then the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the LORD out of heaven. And he overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground” (Genesis 19:23–25, ESV).

We should remember the words of Peter when he said that “by turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes he condemned them to extinction, making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly…” (2 Peter 2:6, ESV). This event really happened, but it happened, in part, to serve as an example. When the LORD judged Sodom in this way, he demonstrated what will happen to the ungodly at the end of the age. 

APPLICATION: Brothers and sisters, as you know very well it is considered hateful to say things like, “homosexuality is sin” in our day. But it is the view of the Christian that homosexual behavior is sinful behavior. We believe this because the scriptures so clearly teach it. We do not hate the homosexual. In fact, we care enough for them to say that their behavior is sinful, as unpopular as it may be. And we would say the same thing concerning many other sins — drunkenness, thievery, adultery and the like. It is important to call these behaviors sinful because these behaviors are to be turned from  as one turns to Christ to follow after him. And indeed that is our desire — to see men and women turn from their sins to trust in Christ for the forgiveness of their sins. When we call sin sin, be it the sin of homosexuality or any other we do so in love and with much humility. In love because we care for person committing the sin. In humility because we realize that we are no better. Were it not for the grace of God we too would be caught in sin and under God’s just condemnation. 

We call sin sin  and urge men and women to turn from it and to faith in Christ because we believe what the Apostle Paul has said, “that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived: neither the sexually immoral, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor men who practice homosexuality, nor thieves, nor the greedy, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers will inherit the kingdom of God.” And then he adds these  words: “And such were some of you. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:9–11, ESV).

Are you practicing homosexuality? Are you a drunkard? Are you an adulterer? Are you greedy? Then I say, turn from these sins and run to Christ for the forgiveness of sins, so that these words would apply to you instead  — “And such were some of you. But you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:9–11, ESV).

Or are you a professing Christian who is unwilling to say to say, “homosexuality is sin”? There are an increasing number of those in our day. I have two questions for you: One, are you really as loving as you claim to be? You approve of what the scriptures call sin in the name of love, but does this not demonstrate that you have neither love for God (for you disregard his word) nor love for man (for you are more concerned with your own well being than for the eternal destiny of those who are living in rebellion). Are you really loving then? I wonder if you do not love yourself supremely. Are you not afraid that the world might look at you and say what they said to Lot — They told him to  “Stand back!” And then they said, “This fellow came to sojourn, and he has become the judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them” (Genesis 19:9, ESV). Many are afraid to call sin sin in our day because they are afraid of what it will cost them. Stated differently, they love themselves more than God or neighbor. So I ask, re you really as loving as you claim to be? Two, if the professing Christian says, but I simply do not believe that it is sin, then I ask, why do you call yourself a Christian? To be a Christian is to believe that God’s word is true. And the scriptures are very clear on this matter, friends. If you do not believe that homosexuality is sin, then you do not believe the scriptures. And if you do not believe the scriptures, then you are not of the Christian religion. You probably call yourself a liberal or a progressive Christian, but a close look at your belief system will reveal that yours is a different religion all together. Your god is different from the God of scripture, your authority is different, your doctrine of salvation is different, and it is no wonder, then, that your morality is different too. 

Friends, the LORD judged the wickedness of Sodom “making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly…” (2 Peter 2:6, ESV). If you are living in sin — sin of any kind — I plead with you to turn from it and to look Christ for the forges of your sins. My prayer is that you would be washed, sanctified, and justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and by the Spirit of God. This I say in love and with much humility admitting that by nature I am no better than you. 

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The LORD Answered Abraham’s Prayer

The third and final point of the sermon today is that the LORD did, in fact, answer the prayer of Abraham. 

Do you remember how Abraham interceded for Sodom? He asked the LORD to spare the place appealing to his righteousness. Genesis 18:24: “Suppose there are fifty righteous within the city. Will you then sweep away the place and not spare it for the fifty righteous who are in it? Far be it from you to do such a thing, to put the righteous to death with the wicked, so that the righteous fare as the wicked! Far be that from you! Shall not the Judge of all the earth do what is just?” (Genesis 18:24–25, ESV). The LORD agreed. He would spare the place if their were 50, 45, 40, 30, 20 or even 10 righteous in the city. If their were 10 he would refrain from pouring out his wrath. But there were not 10. Only 4 were redeemed from Sodom before the LORD poured out his wrath, and one could argue that only 1 of those 4 were truly righteous. The LORD did answer Abraham’s prayer, didn’t he? But not in the way he expected.

APPLICATION: And here we learn something about intercessory prayer. One, we are invited to intercede just as Abraham did. Two, when we interceed we should do so understanding that the LORD’s plans and purposes might very well be different from our own. This is why we should pray saying, if it is you will, do such and such. Three, when we pray the LORD often teaches us something in the process. We learn to wait upon him. We learn something of his character. We learn that his ways are always just. We should have the posture of Abraham when we pray. He bowed himself to the earth when he met the LORD, he stood still before he spoke to the LORD, and when he spoke, he spoke humbly. And after having prayed he went away in peace to wait upon the answer to his prayer. 

Verse 27: “And Abraham went early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD. And he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and toward all the land of the valley, and he looked and, behold, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace. So it was that, when God destroyed the cities of the valley, God remembered Abraham and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow when he overthrew the cities in which Lot had lived.” (Genesis 19:27–29, ESV)

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Old Testament Reading: Genesis 17

“When Abram was ninety-nine years old the LORD appeared to Abram and said to him, ‘I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be blameless, that I may make my covenant between me and you, and may multiply you greatly.’ Then Abram fell on his face. And God said to him, ‘Behold, my covenant is with you, and you shall be the father of a multitude of nations. No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham, for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations. I will make you exceedingly fruitful, and I will make you into nations, and kings shall come from you. And I will establish my covenant between me and you and your offspring after you throughout their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be God to you and to your offspring after you. And I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God.’ And God said to Abraham, ‘As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised. You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring, both he who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be circumcised. So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.’ And God said to Abraham, ‘As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name. I will bless her, and moreover, I will give you a son by her. I will bless her, and she shall become nations; kings of peoples shall come from her.’ Then Abraham fell on his face and laughed and said to himself, ‘Shall a child be born to a man who is a hundred years old? Shall Sarah, who is ninety years old, bear a child?’ And Abraham said to God, ‘Oh that Ishmael might live before you!’ God said, ‘No, but Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him. As for Ishmael, I have heard you; behold, I have blessed him and will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. He shall father twelve princes, and I will make him into a great nation. But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you at this time next year.’ When he had finished talking with him, God went up from Abraham. Then Abraham took Ishmael his son and all those born in his house or bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house, and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins that very day, as God had said to him. Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. That very day Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised. And all the men of his house, those born in the house and those bought with money from a foreigner, were circumcised with him.” (Genesis 17, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Galatians 5:1–15 

“For freedom Christ has set us free; stand firm therefore, and do not submit again to a yoke of slavery. Look: I, Paul, say to you that if you accept circumcision, Christ will be of no advantage to you. I testify again to every man who accepts circumcision that he is obligated to keep the whole law. You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace. For through the Spirit, by faith, we ourselves eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything, but only faith working through love. You were running well. Who hindered you from obeying the truth? This persuasion is not from him who calls you. A little leaven leavens the whole lump. I have confidence in the Lord that you will take no other view, and the one who is troubling you will bear the penalty, whoever he is. But if I, brothers, still preach circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the offense of the cross has been removed. I wish those who unsettle you would emasculate themselves! For you were called to freedom, brothers. Only do not use your freedom as an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another. For the whole law is fulfilled in one word: “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” But if you bite and devour one another, watch out that you are not consumed by one another.” (Galatians 5:1–15, ESV)

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Introduction

Genesis 17 is all about the covenant that God made with Abram and his descendents which was sealed with the sign of circumcision. The word “covenant” appears 13 times in this chapter. Clearly, the purpose of this chapter is to communicate the terms of the relationship that God entered into with Abram and his offspring. 

It is important to  understand that when God enters into a covenantal relationship with people he does so in order to establish a kingdom. Covenants and kingdoms go together. Covenants clarify the boundaries of God’s kingdom and establish the terms for a blessed life within it. 

When God established his covenant with Adam in the garden it was to clarify the boundaries of the kingdom of creation. Adam was the head of that covenant. He was to function as king living under the authority of the King of kings and Lord of lords. He was to keep the garden and push out its boundaries. He was to fill the earth with his offspring and promote the worship of God. He  was to do this faithfully until he was permitted to eat of the tree of life. In the meantime, he was to abstain from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Clearly, a covenant was made with Adam — it was the Covenant of Works,  or the Covenant of Creation. The reward for keeping it was life eternal, the punishment for breaking it was death. Adam broke it, and now we live under its curse if we are not in Christ Jesus. The point I now making is this: the  covenant made with Adam clarified the boundaries and requirements for a blessed life in God’s kingdom. 

Here in  Genesis 17 something very similar is happening. A covenant is being established with Abram because a kingdom is being brought into existence through him. It is not the kingdom of creation. Instead, it is the kingdom of Israel. The covenant being established with Abram is not The Covenant of Works (or of Grace)m but it is the Abrahamic Covenant, which is the beginning of the Old Covenant.

Kingdoms and covenants go together. To have a kingdom there must be a king, citizens and land. And here in Genesis 17 we see that all three of these are being marked off in the covenant that God transacted with Abram. God is the supreme king over Abram and Israel, but notice that God also promised to both Sarai and Abram that kings would come from them. Concerning citizens, the offspring of Abram and Sarai would be as numerous as the dust of the earth and the stars of heaven. And concerning land, Canaan would belong to them. The covenant that God transacted with Abram made all of this clear — it marked off the boundaries of the kingdom. The people, land and kings were all identified.   Also this covenant established the terms for a blessed life within Canaan for the citizens of this kingdom. Abram and his offspring were obligated to “keep” this covenant. If they kept it they would be personally blessed in the land. If they broke it, they would be cut off from the land, just as Adam was. But nothing could undo the promises of God, for their fulfillment was contingent only upon his faithfulness, and not the faithfulness of Abram or his descendents. 

As we consider Genesis 17 we may do so in three parts. First, we should observe that the promises of God that were made previously to Abram are here restated, clarified and expanded. Secondly, we should observe that the law of circumcision was added to the promises previously made. And thirdly, we should recognize Abraham’s obedience.

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The Promises Of God Previously Made To Abram Restated, Clarified And Expanded

First, let us consider that the promises of God previously made to Abram are here restated, clarified and expanded. 

In other words, the covenant that is established here in Genesis 17 is not a brand new covenant, but it is a reiteration and expansion of the covenant that was already transacted with Abram as recorded in Genesis 15. Remember what we read in Genesis 15:18: “On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, ‘To your offspring I give this land…” (Genesis 15:18, ESV).  That covenant and this covenant are one and the same. And this covenant is built upon the promises that were made to Abram beginning in Genesis 12 concerning land, offspring, being blessed of God, and being a blessing to the nations of the earth. Genesis 12 through 17 all  hang together is what I am saying. The promises of Genesis 12 develop into a covenant, and when the Abrahamic covenant is fully developed, it is sealed with the sign of circumcision, as seen here in Genesis 17.  

In verse 1 we read, “When Abram was ninety-nine years old the LORD appeared to Abram and said to him, ‘I am God Almighty; walk before me, and be blameless, that I may make my covenant between me and you, and may multiply you greatly’” (Genesis 17:1–2, ESV). 

The Hebrew word translated as “make” in  verse 2 — “that I may make my covenant between me and you” — can be translated in a variety of ways. It is probably best to understand it to mean to constitute, or to establish by law. That seems to be most consistent with the context. The covenant that God made with Abram in Genesis 15 is here being further established with the giving of the law of circumcision. 

Note that Abram is here commanded to “walk before [the Lord], and be blameless.” Abram’s obedience was not the cause of the promises of God being made to him previously. But here we see that his obedience is commanded for the establishment of this covenant. More on that in a moment. 

It is interesting to note that thirteen years had passed between that episode where Sarai gave her servant to Abram as a wife and the establishment of the covenant of circumcision as recorded here in Genesis 17 (compare Genesis 12:4, 13:6, and 17:1). Thirteen years is a long time. For thirteen years Abram lived with Ishmael as his only son. Perhaps he assumed that Sarai’s plan was a good one in those days, despite the trouble it had caused? What happened during those thirteen years? The scriptures are silent!

Application: I think there is a point of application to be drawn from this little remark that Abram was 99 years old when the Lord appeared to him, and the fact that at least 13 years had passed since the Lord had last appeared to Abram. Do you see that the vast majority of the Christians life consist of very ordinary days, and it is faithfulness in the ordinary days and the ordinary, mundane moments of life that is most pleasing to God. 

Abram’s life was truly extraordinary, and yet  even for him the vast majority of his days were ordinary day. What did Abram do in those 13 years between when the covenant was cut and then confirmed? He probably changed diapers. He repaired fences. He cared for his sheep and goats. He managed his assets. He conversed with his wife. He instructed and disciplined his son. He regularly worshipped. And ordinarily when he worshipped at the alter he did not hear a voice or see a vision. For 13 years Abram faithfully sojourned in the land that was not his own, and his days were very ordinary. And yet he walked by faith. 

I draw attention to this because I fear it is common for the Christian to assume that unless they are engaged something extraordinary, then something is lacking in their walk with Lord. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Our God is the God of the ordinary. He is pleased when his people serve him faithfully in the mundane things of life. Sometimes Christians are poked and prodded by their leaders to something radical and extreme for Jesus. And I suppose that sometimes those exhortations are appropriate. But I’m here saying that a Christian is truly radical when he or she lives out their faith moment by moment, day by day, Lord’s Day by Lord’s Day, doing very ordinary and mundane things in faith, obediently, and to the glory of God. “So, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God” (1 Corinthians 10:31, ESV).

13 years had passed, but Abram walked faithfully. And do you also see that God was very stubborn… in a good way. Perhaps a better word to use would be faithful. God was faithful to keep his promises for all that time. Abram and Sarai thought they knew new better than God, and so they took matters into their own hands — they made a mess of things. But this didn’t derail God. Not in the least! Where was he? He was sitting on his throne. He was waiting patiently to bring about his plans at just the right time. 

Notice that the Lord reiterated his promises to Abram concerning the land. 

Look with me at verse 8 where the Lord said, “And I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojournings, all the land of Canaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be their God.’” (Genesis 17:8, ESV)

Not only is this a restate of promises that had been previously made, it also is a clarification and expansion. 

Pay careful attention. The Lord spoke to Abram saying, “And I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojourning, all the land of Canaan…” God promised that Abram would possess the land, and not just his descendents. This is a problem. This is a big problem, because Abram never possessed the land. He  lived as a sojourner and he died as a sojourner. The same would be true of  Issac, Jacob, and indeed all of the offspring of Abram up until the days of Joshua.  Do you see the problem? The Lord said to Abram, “I will give to you and to your offspring after you the land of your sojourning, all the land of Canaan…”, and yet Abram went to the grave not seeing the fulfillment of this. 

How then would Abram possess the land? More than that, how would the land be to him and to his offspring “an everlasting possession”?

The New Testament actually answers this question for us when, in  Hebrews 11:10 we read, “For he [Abram] was looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God” (Hebrews 11:10, ESV). And again in verse 13 we read, “These [Abram, Sarai and their offspring] all died in faith, not having received the things promised, but having seen them and greeted them from afar, and having acknowledged that they were strangers and exiles on the earth. For people who speak thus make it clear that they are seeking a homeland. If they had been thinking of that land from which they had gone out, they would have had opportunity to return. But as it is, they desire a better country, that is, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for he has prepared for them a city” (Hebrews 11:13–16, ESV).

The writer to Hebrews answers the question we are asking. God promised that the land would belong to Abram, and yet he went to the grave having never possessed it. Is God a liar? No, for Abram knew what God was up to. The land would be his in the resurrection. Then it would be his as “an everlasting possession”. When Abram heard and believed the promises of God he was looking forward, not to the earth land, and not to an earthly, but to a heavenly one. He understood to some degree that God’s purpose was not just to give his people a small sliver of land in Palestine, but to through him usher in a new heavens and earth through one of his offspring. That was what Abram was really looking forward to. And that is what Abram will have at the resurrection.

Aren’t you glad that we studied the book of Revelation prior to studying Genesis? There we were provided with a clear picture of the finished product of God’s redemptive work — the fully formed flower, if you will. And now we re learning about the beginning of God’s work of redemption — of things in seed form, if you will. What the writer to the Hebrews explains is that when God made the promises to Abram he understood (to some degree) that God’s plan was to through him bring about what Revelation 21 describes — and new heavens and new earth, and the New Jerusalem which would one day descend from heaven. This is what Abram looked forward to. The land will be his as promised, in the resurrection. 

Notice  that the Lord also reiterated his promises to Abram concerning descendents.

Not only would Abram have a multitude of offspring but nations would come from him. In fact, kingdoms and kings would come from him. And the same was true of Sarai. Verses 15-21 make it clear that all of this would be accomplished through her. So much for their half-baked plan concerning Hagar and Ismael. Sarai would have a son. His name was to be Isaac. Through him the promises of God would be fulfilled. 

Abram fell on his face and laughed at the thought that he would have a son at the age of 100, and that Sarai, who had been barren for all those years, would conceive at the age of 90. He even put Ishmael before the Lord and said, are you sure, Lord? Maybe it would be better to do all of this through him? But the Lord insisted, saying, “No, but Sarah your wife shall bear you a son, and you shall call his name Isaac. I will establish my covenant with him as an everlasting covenant for his offspring after him [offspring is in the singular — see Galatians 3:16]. As for Ishmael, I have heard you; behold, I have blessed him and will make him fruitful and multiply him greatly. He shall father twelve princes, and I will make him into a great nation. But I will establish my covenant with Isaac, whom Sarah shall bear to you at this time next year” (Genesis 17:19–21, ESV).  Through Isaac the promises of God would be fulfilled. Through Isaac the nation of Israel would be born. Through him the Messiah would come. 

Along with restating, clarifying and expanding the promises previously made, the Lord also renamed Abram and Sarai. Verse 5: “No longer shall your name be called Abram, but your name shall be Abraham, for I have made you the father of a multitude of nations”. The name Abraham means, father of a multitude. Verse 15: “And God said to Abraham, ‘As for Sarai your wife, you shall not call her name Sarai, but Sarah shall be her name.” Sarah means princess. 

In what sense are Abraham and Sarah a  father and princess of a multitude? Well, they are to be considered in a variety of ways. Through Ishmael they would have many descendents. He would  father twelve princes. Through Issac the nation of Israel would be born.  But we must also remember the promise that in Abraham all the nations of the earth would be blessed. The New Testament makes it very clear that it is those who have the faith of Abraham who are the true children of Abraham, from amongst the Jews and Gentiles. Do you want to see a picture of what it means for Abraham to be the father of a multitude?  Open to Revelation 7:9 and read! “After this I looked, and behold, a great multitude that no one could number, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, clothed in white robes, with palm branches in their hands, and crying out with a loud voice, ‘Salvation belongs to our God who sits on the throne, and to the Lamb!’” (Revelation 7:9–10, ESV). These are the true children of Abraham. They share in his faith. They are united with him because they have believed upon his offspring, the one who has come from  his loins, the Christ, the Lamb of God who taken away the sins of the world. 

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The Law Of Circumcision Added 

Secondly, we should observe that in this passage the law of circumcision was added to the promises previously made.

Look with me at verses 9-14: “And God said to Abraham, ‘As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations. This is my covenant, which you shall keep, between me and you and your offspring after you: Every male among you shall be circumcised. You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you. He who is eight days old among you shall be circumcised. Every male throughout your generations, whether born in your house or bought with your money from any foreigner who is not of your offspring, both he who is born in your house and he who is bought with your money, shall surely be circumcised. So shall my covenant be in your flesh an everlasting covenant. Any uncircumcised male who is not circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin shall be cut off from his people; he has broken my covenant.’” (Genesis 17:9–14, ESV)

What shall we say about this? Five things for now:

One, I think you all understand what circumcision is. I will refrain from describing it in detail.

Two, whereas only promise were made by God earlier — promises concerning land, descendents, kings and kingdoms — now stipulations are laid upon Abraham and his offspring. “As for you, you shall keep my covenant, you and your offspring after you throughout their generations.” How are we to understand this? Well, we know that the promises of the Abrahamic covenant would surely come to pass. How could they not, for it was God who promised. The accomplishment of the promises were in no way contingent upon the faithfulness of man, only God. But as it pertained to the individual — to Abraham and his offspring — their enjoyment of the blessing of God in the covenant and in the land did depend upon their obedience. They were to “keep” the covenant just as Adam was to “keep” the garden — it is the same word in the Hebrew. 

Three, a positive law was imposed upon Abraham and his offspring — the law of circumcision. What is a positive law? It is a law that is neutral morally speaking, one that God simply chooses to add. There is nothing immoral about eating fruit from a tree,  is there? And yet the Lord added that positive law when he spoke to Adam saying, do not eat of that tree. If you do you’ll die. And in the same way circumcision is nothing. As Paul says, “For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God” (1 Corinthians 7:19, ESV). Circumcision means nothing to us, for it is morally neutral. But it was something for Abraham, for his offspring and for Israel, because God made it something. God added that positive law, that “every male among [them] shall be circumcised.” For Abraham or his offspring to disobey this commandment would mean that they broke God’s covenant. Just as the foreskin was to be cut off, so the covenant breaker was to be cut off from the people. 

 Four, circumcision is called a “sign”. Verses 17: “You shall be circumcised in the flesh of your foreskins, and it shall be a sign of the covenant between me and you.” If it is a sign then circumcision must signify something, for that is what signs do! Most basically circumcision signifies that the individual to whom it applied had been set apart as one of God’s people. Circumcision marked off the people of God from the nations. Circumcision was also a reminder of the promises of God that through the Hebrew people the nations would be blessed. From them, through the process of procreation, the Christ would come. Circumcision was also a reminder of the covenant curse, that the covenant breakers would be cut off. Furthermore, throughout the Old Testament the prophets used circumcision to urge the Hebrew people to be circumcised of heart. There were many who descended from Abraham according to the flesh, who were truly in Abraham and under this convent externally, who did not have the faith of Abraham. They belonged to God in an earthly sense, but spiritually they were far from him. They were in Abraham, but not in Christ. They were circumcised in the flesh, but not in the heart.

Five, in the days of Moses many, many more positive laws would be added to the law of circumcision and imposed upon Israel as they were redeemed from Egypt. Like circumcision, they do not apply to us — the observation of the Passover and other feast days, ceremonial washings, dietary restrictions, and the like. Circumcision would remain the sign of the covenant under Moses, for the Abrahamic Covenant would give birth to the Mosaic. But many more laws would be imposed. Obedience to these laws could not bring about the forgiveness of sins, but if obeyed they would lead to blessings for the people of God as they lived in the land. To disobey would mean that the people would be cut off and taken into captivity. 

Application: It only seems right that I should at this point say something about the importance of keeping God’s law. 

There is a moral law that all should be exhorted to keep, especially the Christian. We are to keep God’s moral law, as it is summarized in the ten commandments, not because we can be saved by it, for we have all transgressed it. We are to keep it because it is right, and out of gratitude for the salvation that has been freely given to us sin Christ Jesus.  The Sabbath command belongs to moral law, for at it is core it has to do with the proper worship of God and was established at creation. The Sabbath pattern was revealed first to Adam, and not to Abraham or Moses. This is significant. 

It is also important to recognize that there are laws found on the Old Testament that no longer apply to the people of God, for they belonged to other covenants that have been fulfilled by Christ, and have thus passed away. I am  here referring to positive and ceremonial laws. You are not bound to keep those. Do not allow anyone to tell you that you are. You may eat pork and shellfish, brothers and sisters. You need not observe the seventh day, Jewish Sabbath along with the many festival days that were attached to it — our rest day is Sunday, the Lord’s Day, for he is risen. And if the Lord blesses you with a son, you do not have to circumcise him. It simply doesn’t matter anymore, for the Christ has come. He has already been born from Abram’s loin’s. The covenant people of God in this New Covenant era are no longer identified by their ethnicity. Who you father or grandfather is simply does not matter, for the Old Covenant has passed away, and the New has come. And how do we come to partake in the New Covenant which was ratified in Christ’s blood? Not by physical birth, but by a new birth, by which we have been enabled to believe and to confess that Jesus is Lord and Christ. 

But we do have positive laws of our own in this New Covenant era. And just as circumcision mattered greatly to Abraham and to his descendents, these positive laws should matter greatly to us. There are two for us — baptism and the Lord’s Supper.  Let us be sure to observe them carefully, faithfully and with reverence. If you have faith in Christ I ask you, have you been baptized upon profession of faith? I suppose that some might say, what does it matters? It is just a ceremony. It is just a sign. And while I agree that being dipped under the water is, by itself, a morally neutral activity, baptism is of great importance to the Christian. For Christ has commanded that his disciples be baptized. By it the New Covenant people of God are marked off as his own in the world. And something similar might be said about the Lord’s Supper. Let us be careful, faithful and reverent when partaking of these signs which Christ, the  Lord of the church, has instituted.

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Abraham’s Obedience

Two things have been observed thus far: One, the promises of God previously made to Abram are here restated, clarified and expanded. And two, in this passage the law of circumcision was added to the promises previously made. The third and final observation is this — and this will be very brief — Abraham obeyed. 

Look at verses 22: “When he had finished talking with him, God went up from Abraham. Then Abraham took Ishmael his son and all those born in his house or bought with his money, every male among the men of Abraham’s house, and he circumcised the flesh of their foreskins that very day, as God had said to him. Abraham was ninety-nine years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. And Ishmael his son was thirteen years old when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. That very day Abraham and his son Ishmael were circumcised.” (Genesis 17:22–26, ESV)

That must have been quite a day in Abraham’s household. Certainly there were hundreds of men — probably over 400 men — who where a part of his clan by this time who needed to be circumcised on that day. I wonder what they thought? It must have been quite aa scene. It was certainly a bloody scene (which I think is significant in an of itself). But the point is this: Abraham  believed and he obeyed, and so did those who were with him. 

Application: I wonder, are you prepared to live in obedience to God even when doing so seems strange to those looking in from the outside. Are you willing to obey when obedience to God is uncomfortable or unpopular? Abraham must of felt this pressure, and yet he obeyed. 

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Conclusion

Abraham obeyed because he believed. He believed in the promises of God. His faith was in God and the Christ who come from his loins. Abraham, by the grace of God, was able to look past the fleshly and the earth to see the heavenly, spiritual and eternal things they signified. He did not just see land, offspring and a bloody sign. He saw Christ. And he saw the new heavens and the new earth which would be purchased by him. “For he [Abram] was looking forward to the city that has foundations, whose designer and builder is God.” May we have the faith of Abraham, and my that faith be accompanied by the obedience of Abraham as well.