Baptist Catechism 4

Q. 4. What is the Word of God?

A. The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God, and the only certain rule of faith and obedience. (2 Peter 1:21; 2 Timothy 3:16,17; Isaiah 8:20)

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Introduction

To appreciate question 4 of our catechism, we need to remember question 3. 

Question three addresses the question of knowing when it asks, “How may we know there is a God?” The answer that is given is helpful both to the general question, how may we know?, and to the more specific question, “How may we know there is a God?” 

The answer given is, “The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectively for the salvation of sinners.” So here we learn a most foundational truth. We may know things in general, and we may know that God exists in particular, because God has revealed truth to us. God has spoken both through nature and his Word. We call these two forms of revelation general or natural revelation and special revelation. God reveals himself, and certain truths about himself generally through the world that he has made. And God reveals himself, and truths about himself much more specifically through his Word. The way of salvation through faith in Jesus Christ is only revealed in God’s Word. 

So then, question 3 mentions the “Word of God”, and now question 4 asks, “what is the Word of God?” The answer that is given is very basic and very important. “The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God, and the only certain rule of faith and obedience.” Let us consider the answer piece by piece. 

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The Holy Scriptures

Here the “Holy Scriptures” are said to be “the Word of God”.

Scripture means writing. The writings that are being referred to here are (for the most part) the writings of men. Men like Moses, David, and Paul wrote the Scriptures that we now have. But here we are confessing that these writings are not ordinary writings — they are holy. The word “holy” reminds us that the Scriptures are from God and they are pure. 

We confess that the Scriptures are inspired by God. Did men write them? Yes, indeed. Did men choose the words? Yes, they did. Can we get a sense of their education or their personalities through their writings? Yes, I think we can. Men wrote the Scriptures. But with the Holy Scriptures, there is more to the story. These men we inspired by God. God’s Spirit moved or carried them along to write what they wrote so that at the end of the day we are correct to refer to their words as the Word of God. This is what Peter says in 2 Peter 1:20–21: “knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone’s own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit” (2 Peter 1:20–21, ESV). This is a marvelous description of inspiration. Again, “no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit.”

The Holy Scriptures are the Word of God, and they are therefore pure. If I had the time I would expand upon the word “Holy” and the phrase “the Word of God” and explain that the Scriptures are inerrant and infallible, trustworthy and sure, clear, sufficient, and authoritative (see Second London Confession chapter 1 for a more detailed statement on Holy Scripture). 

Q: “What is the Word of God?”  A: “The Holy Scriptures… are the Word of God…” 

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Old And New Testaments

More precisely, our catechism states that “the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God…” The phrase, “of the Old and New Testaments”, is very important, for it identifies what “Scriptures” we have in mind. Not just any Scriptures (writings), but the Scriptures “of the Old and New Testaments”.

As you know, our catechism summarizes our confession of faith. And our confession of faith is more detailed on this point. The books of the Holy Scripture are listed in chapter 1, para 2. 

Brothers and sisters, I think it is important to understand something about the structure of the Scriptures. The Holy Scriptures are made up of two testaments. And what divides the Old Testament from the New? What distinguishes them? Well, it is the birth and life of Christ. Matthew 1 is the beginning of the New Testament and it begins by telling us about the birth of Jesus the Messiah. 

This is a bit of an oversimplification, but it is true nonetheless – both the Old Testament and the New testament are about Jesus the Messiah and our salvation in him. Though it is right for us to distinguish beetn the Old and New Testaments, we must not divirce them. Together, they tell one story – the story of God’s creation, man’s fall into sin, and our redemption in Jesus the Messiah. Saint Augustine once famously described the relationship between the Old and New Testament like this: “The New is in the Old concealed; the Old is in the New revealed.”

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The Works Of God

After saying that “the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God”, our catechism then declares that they are “the only certain rule of faith and obedience. 

Rule means standard. What is the standard for what we should believe and for what we should do? The Scriptures are. They are the rule of faith and obedience. 

What should we believe about God? To the Scriptures, we must go! What should we believe about ourselves? To the Scriptures, we must go! What should we believe about salvation? To the Scriptures, we must go! And how should we live? How should we worship? To the Scriptures, we must go! Natural revelation can help us in many ways, but it is not the rule of faith and obedience.God’s Word is, and the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are the Word of God. 

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Conclusion

Do you know the Scriptures, brothers and sisters? Do you love to listen to them read and preached? Do you read them for yourselves? Do you cherish them and store them in your heart? We ought to, for the Scriptures are God’s word to us. 

Old Testament Reading: Daniel 7:13–14

“I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him. And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed.” (Daniel 7:13–14, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 9:23-27

“And he said to all, ‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself? For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels. But I tell you truly, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God.’” (Luke 9:23–27, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

In the previous passage – Luke 9:18-22 – two important and pivotal things we said. 

Firstly, the question that has been asked many times now in Luke’s Gospel was answered. The question is, “Who is Jesus?” Peter gave the correct answer when he spoke up as the representative of the other apostles and confessed Jesus to be “the Christ of God.” So, Jesus is the Christ or Messiah promised by God from long ago. He is the anointed one of God, the great Prophet, Priest, and King of God’s people. He is the eternal Son of God incarnate. That confession made by Peter was important and pivotal in the ministry of Christ and in the Gospel of Luke. 

Secondly, immediately after Peter confessed Jesus to be the Christ of God, Jesus clarified what kind of Christ he would be. He would be a Christ who would suffer even to the point of death. He would accomplish his Messianic mission and win the victory over Satan, sin, and death, not in a glorious way, but in a humble way. He would win the victory by enduring suffering, ridicule, abandonment, and death. This, you might remember, was not the kind of Messiah that people were expecting. They were expecting a great King who would conquer in the way that kings usually conquer, that is to say, with power and glory.  But Jesus Christ would enter into glory, not by exulting himself over others, but by laying his life down as a sacrifice for many. The multitudes were expecting the Messiah to arrive, but they were not expecting a Messiah like this. Even Jesus’ disciples could not comprehend what he said about his suffering and death. It’s as if they did not have a category for this in their minds. In fact, the Scriptures say that these truths were concealed or hidden from them (see Luke 9:45, 18:34). 

So, the previous passage was pivotal. Peter confessed that Jesus is the “Christ of God” and Jesus clarified what kind of Christ he would be – a suffering servant in fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah 53. 

As we come now to Luke 9:23-27 we see that Christ had more to say to his followers after Peter’s profession. In response to Peter’s declaration, you are “the Christ of God”, Jesus did not only clarify what kind of Christ he would be – he also clearly stated what would be required to follow after him.    

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Deny Yourself, Take Up Your Cross Daily, And Follow Jesus

In Luke 9:23 we read, “And he said to all, ‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me’” (Luke 9:23, ESV). 

The words, “If anyone would come after me….”, mean if anyone wishes to follow me and to be a disciple of mine… Here we have a kind of broad invitation to be a follower of Jesus. But the invitation is not without qualification. You see, there are certain standards to be met to be a disciple or follower of Jesus. Hear the words of Christ again. He spoke to all, saying, “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me” (Luke 9:23, ESV). To be a follower of Jesus – to have him as Lord and Savior – a person must deny himself, take up his cross daily, and follow him. What does this mean?

Firstly, to follow after Jesus one must deny himself. 

To deny is to reject. To deny is to dismiss. Self-denial is the first requirement that Jesus mentions. If one wishes to be a true disciple of his they must first deny themselves. Stated negatively, no one can be a true disciple of Jesus if they regard themselves as self-righteous and self-sufficient. No one can follow after Jesus if they are self-centered, self-directed, self-powered, self-motivated, and filled with self-love. Of course, all of this sounds like foolishness to the world. The world would teach that the very best thing you can do for yourself is to love yourself, trust yourself, and be true to yourself. But Jesus says, “if anyone would come after me, let him deny himself.”

The one who denies himself says, I am not self-righteous – I need a Savior. And I am not self-sufficient – I need God to sustain me in every way. The one who has denied himself does not make himself the center of his life but has God at the center. He is not self-directed but looks to God and to his Word to direct his steps. He is not self-powered or self-motivated but is empowered and moved by God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The one who has denied himself does not love himself supremely but loves God with all of his heart, soul, mind, and strength, and his neighbor as himself.

To state the matter in another way, to deny oneself is to live no longer for the passions of the flesh and the desires of the body (see Ephesians 2:3). It is to live no longer for the world and the pleasures of this world. It is to stop making the gratification of the flesh and the desires of the flesh the motivating factor of one’s life. 

If one wishes to follow after Jesus he must first deny himself. He must take himself off of the throne of his life and invite Christ to sit there. He must remove himself from the center of the stage of his life and invite God and Christ to take center stage. So you can see that to gain Christ something first must be lost.  “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself”, Jesus says.

Secondly, to follow after Jesus one must take up his cross daily. 

What does it mean to take up a cross? A cross, as you know, was an instrument of death – a tool that the Romans used to carry out executions in the days of Jesus. We tend to romanticize the cross. The crosses that we display are clean and pleasant to look at. In reality, the cross was a rough and gruesome instrument of suffering and death. So, to take a cross upon your shoulders is to endure suffering. To take up a cross is to taste death.

In a way, the phrase, “let him… take up his cross daily and follow me” carries the same meaning as the phrase, “let him deny himself.” To take up the cross is to deny yourself. To take up the cross is to die to yourself. To take up the cross to live, no longer for yourself and for the passions of your flesh to gratify its desires, but for the Lord. The image of picking up a cross and carrying it upon your shoulders serves to illustrate the principle of denying yourself.    

But the command to take up the cross communicates more. It reveals that following after Jesus will involve difficulties. Jesus’ disciples will not be immune from suffering. We will experience the kinds of trials and tribulations of life that are common to all who live in this fallen world, and disciples of Jesus may also be called to suffer especially on account of their faith in Jesus. And the same may be said regarding death. Disciples of Jesus will, like all men and women, taste death (unless they are alive when the Lord returns). And some disciples of Jesus will die because they are followers of his. To take up the cross is to deny yourself. More than this, to take up the cross is to submit yourself to suffering and even death for the sake of Christ.  

The Scriptures have a lot to say about suffering as a Christian. Before looking at a couple of important texts, I think it should be clarified that not all Christians suffer always or in the extreme. Indeed, many true followers of Jesus have lived very pleasant lives. Rarely will Christians suffer continually. Relatively few have experienced the extreme form of suffering that is martyrdom. But some have. And it seems clear from the text that is before us that to follow after Jesus one must be willing to identify with him in his suffering. 

Listen to Paul in Romans 8:16-17: “The Spirit himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs—heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ, provided we suffer with him in order that we may also be glorified with him.” (Romans 8:16–17, ESV)

Listen to 1 Peter 2:19-21: “For this is a gracious thing, when, mindful of God, one endures sorrows while suffering unjustly. For what credit is it if, when you sin and are beaten for it, you endure? But if when you do good and suffer for it you endure, this is a gracious thing in the sight of God. For to this you have been called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps.” (1 Peter 2:19–21, ESV)

And listen to Paul again in Romans 5:3-6: “Not only that, but we rejoice in our sufferings, knowing that suffering produces endurance, and endurance produces character, and character produces hope, and hope does not put us to shame, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us. For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.” (Romans 5:3–6, ESV)

There is a common theme found in each of these passages, and it is that when suffering for Christ’s sake as disciples of his, we identify with him in his suffering. We should not miss this connection. Christ suffered for us and for our salvation, and if we are disciples of his we ought to expect to suffer as he suffered. Jesus took up his cross, and as disciples of his, we must bear our cross too. This relationship between Christ’s suffering and the suffering of his followers is present within our text. Remember that in Luke 9:22 Jesus revealed what kind of Christ he would be, “saying, ‘The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised’” (Luke 9:22, ESV). Here he reveals what kind of disciples he will have. They are those who will “deny themselves and take up their cross daily and follow him” (Luke 9:23, ESV).

I have a few observations to make about this command of Jesus to take up the cross.

One, the cross that we as followers of Jesus are called to carry is our cross. It is not the cross of Christ that we are called to carry. Furthermore, you are not called to carry my cross, and I am not called to carry your cross. Followers of Jesus are called to carry their own cross, that is to say, the cross that God has ordained for them. Listen again to the command of Jesus. “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.” Only Christ could bear the cross that God ordained for him. Only Christ could fulfill the terms of the Covenant of Redemption to live in obedience to God on behalf of the elect and to suffer and die in their place, being raised in victory on the third day. You are not called to carry that cross, for you cannot. And neither are you called to bear the cross that God has ordained for others. Each disciple of Christ must bear the cross ordained for them. 

How prone we are to look at the crosses of others and to complain, saying, but theirs looks lighter and smoother and more pleasant than mine. Friends, you do not know what it is like to bear the cross that others are bearing. The cross of your neighbor might be heavier than it appears. And besides, we must submit ourselves to the perfectly good and infinite wisdom of God that the cross he has crafted for us is just right. The cross that he has for each one of us if perfectly suited to bring him glory and to bring us good. It thought the experience of bearing that cross that God has ordained for us that we are refined and strengthened. And it is through the experience of bearing the cross that God has ordained for us that we will, like our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, enter into glory. The cross that you are called to take up and bear is your cross. And to bear it you must bow yourself low before God and submit yourself to him. Undoubtedly, some who are listening to these words today are fighting against God and his will for them and are tempted to cast off their cross. If this is you, I encourage you to submit yourself to God, for this is good and right. By faith and in love you must, “humble [yourself]… under the mighty hand of God so that at the proper time he may exalt you, casting all your anxieties on him, because he cares for you” (1 Peter 5:6–7, ESV).

Here is another observation concerning the cross that Christ calls his disciples to bear – it is a cross that is to be taken up daily. As I have said, all men and women will endure the trail of death (unless alive when the Lord returns). And some Christians have been, and will be, called to bear the cross of martyrdom. But the cross that Jesus calls all of his disciples to bear is to be taken up daily. This means that disciples of Jesus are to die to themselves daily. This means that disciples of Jesus are to patiently endure affliction daily while entrusting themselves to God and to Christ. Bearing our cross is to be a way of life for the Chriastian.

Finally, disciples of Jesus are not only called to take up their cross, they are also commanded to follow after Jesus. “If anyone would come after me”, Jesus says, “let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.” All men and women will at some point in their lives bear up under sorrow and affliction, but disciples of Jesus willing submit themselves to God’s will for them, they entrust themselves to God’s loving care, and they follow after Jesus. They listen to and believe his word, and strive to obey him. They follow his example and imitate his way of life.    

So I ask you, should all men and women be invited to follow after Jesus? Yes, all men and women should be invited to follow after Jesus. Men and women need to be told about God, his perfect creation, and man’s fall into sin. Men and women need to know that they are sinners who stand guilty before God. They need to hear the good news that God has graciously provided a Savior, Christ the Lord, and that forgiveness of sins comes to all who place their trust in him. Men and women need to be invited to trust in Jesus and to follow him. More than this, they should be urged to follow him! But note this: following after Jesus comes with conditions. To follow Christ, one must turn from their sins. To follow Christ, one must deny themself. To follow Christ, one must take up their cross daily. There is a sense in which following after Jesus will cost you everything. But it is so very worth it. 

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Do This Now For Three Good Reasons

In verses 24, 25, and 26 Jesus presents three reasons why it is worth it. Notice the threefold repetition of the word “for”. The word “for” indicates that a reason is about to be given.

“And [Jesus] said to all, ‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it. For what does it profit a man if he gains the whole world and loses or forfeits himself? For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels.” (Luke 9:23–26, ESV)

Let us now briefly consider each of these three reasons as to why denying ourselves, taking up our crosses, and following after Jesus is worth it.  

First, “whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for [Christ’s] sake will save it.” What is the meaning of this paradoxical saying of Jesus? Here Christ teaches that the one who holds on to their life tightly – the one who insists that they are self-righteous and self-sufficient, living in a self-directed and self-centered way, and for their own pleasure,  arrogantly and stubbornly refusing to submit themselves to God and Christ –  this one who saves his life, will ironically find that he loses his life in the end. But the one who loses his life for Christ’s sake – the one who confesses his need for Christ, trusts in Christ, and submits himself to Christ as Savior and as Lord – will find that he gains his life in the end.

Friends, you must understand this. When Christ calls you to deny yourself and to take up your cross and follow him daily – when he calls you to lay it all down – it is not so that you might lose, but gain. When Christ commands you to deny yourself it is so that you might find yourself. When he commands you to die to yourself daily by taking up your cross daily, it is so that you might truly live. This reminds of what Jesus said as recorded in John 10:10: “The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy. I came that they may have life and have it abundantly” (John 10:10, ESV). It is abundant life that Christ gives to his followers. But to have it, they must first deny themselves, die to themselves, and follow after him. 

This abundant life of which Christ speaks will be experienced now and in eternity. That Christ has come to give his followers abundant life in eternity should be clear to all. He came to earn the forgiveness of our sins. He came to reconcile us to the Father. He came to give those who trust in him eternal life. But the abundant life of which Christ speaks is not only a future hope, it is a present gift and reality. Christ does want his disciples to be happy and joyous. But the way to happiness is the way of the cross. The world will never understand this. But the Christian knows. Do you wish to be happy, friends? Deny yourself, take up your cross daily, and follow Jesus. Serve God. Serve your neighbor. Do you wish to be miserable? Live for yourself. Live to fulfill your passions and desires. Live for the riches and pleasures of this world. Do this, and you will find yourself to be a truly miserable person now and for eternity. Friends, paradoxically, the way of the cross is the way of life and joy and peace. 

The second reason Christ gives as to why it is worth it to deny yourself and to take up your cross daily and follow him is that it will profit a man nothing to gain the whole world and yet lose or forfeit himself. Here Christ builds upon his previous statement and begins to direct our attention to the time of the end and the final judgment.

The word “profit” is interesting. It indicated that Christ wants us to do a cost/benefit analysis. He wants us to make a good and wise investment, not a foolish one. Only a fool would invest in something if he knew that tomorrow the investment would be lost. And yet most men and women spend their lives investing in things that will be lost at the moment of death. More than this, most people live in such a way that they themselves will be lost at the moment of death and at the judgment. They will be lost for all eternity. Christ is urging you to make a good and wise investment. If you lose your life now by surrendering it to Jesus Christ, you will gain your life for eternity. Those in Christ will live when they die – they will live abundantly in the blessed presence of God. Those in Christ will not be judged, but will be graciously acquitted on the day of judgment. Those in Christ will not be punished, but will live forever in the blessed presence of God in the new heaven and earth. To lay down your life and to take up your cross and follow Jesus is the best investment you can possibly make! And it is a sure investment, for it is guaranteed by Jesus Christ, the crucified, risen and ascended one. 

The third reason Christ gives as to why it is worth it to deny yourself and to take up your cross daily and follow him is found in these words: “For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels.” Here Christ builds upon the previous two statements and directs our attention to the glory that will be his after his work of redemption is accomplished.

When Christ came for the first time, he suffered and died. But it was through his suffering and death that he was raised to glory. Stated differently, it was by bearing the cross that God had decreed for him that Christ, the Son of Man, entered into glory. 

When Christ, the Son of Man, comes again it will not be to suffer and die. When he returns, he will be in glory and with the power to judge. The prophecy of Daniel 7 that we read at the beginning of this sermon speaks of the glory that belongs to the Messiah, the eternal Son of God incarnate, the Son of Man. Hear it again. “I saw in the night visions, and behold, with the clouds of heaven there came one like a son of man, and he came to the Ancient of Days and was presented before him. And to him was given dominion and glory and a kingdom, that all peoples, nations, and languages should serve him; his dominion is an everlasting dominion, which shall not pass away, and his kingdom one that shall not be destroyed” (Daniel 7:13–14, ESV). This glory was given to Christ at his resurrection and ascension to the Father’s right hand. When Christ, the Son of Man returns, he will return in glory, to judge, and to rule all things in heaven and earth, forever and ever, in glory. 

Will the Son of Man welcome you into his glorious kingdom when he returns, or will he be ashamed of you? Listen to the words of Jesus again: “For whoever is ashamed of me and of my words, of him will the Son of Man be ashamed when he comes in his glory and the glory of the Father and of the holy angels.” Here is yet another reason why you would be most wise to deny yourself, take up your cross daily and follow him. To welcome Christ, the suffering servant, as your Lord and Savior now will mean that he welcomes you into his glorious kingdom on the day of his glorious return. But to deny him in this life will mean that he denies you on the last day.    

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Conclusion

Christ then concludes by saying, “But I tell you truly, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God.” This, I think, is in reference to the event that is recorded for us in the next passage – the transfiguration. In that event – the event of the transfiguration – Peter, James, and John were given a special glimpse and foretaste of the glory that was soon to be Christ’s and of the glory of his eternal kingdom.

Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 53

“Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth. By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people? And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.” (Isaiah 53, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 9:18-22

“Now it happened that as he was praying alone, the disciples were with him. And he asked them, ‘Who do the crowds say that I am?’ And they answered, ‘John the Baptist. But others say, Elijah, and others, that one of the prophets of old has risen.’ Then he said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ And Peter answered, ‘The Christ of God.’ And he strictly charged and commanded them to tell this to no one, saying, ‘The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.’” (Luke 9:18–22, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

All passages of Holy Scripture, being divinely inspired, are important. But some passages of Scripture may be regarded as especially important and pivotal given what they reveal. I consider Luke 9:18-22 to be one of these especially important and pivotal texts. 

For one, the question that has been raised in Luke’s gospel over and over again is here answered with precision and clarity. Who then is this Jesus? This question has been asked by the scribes and Pharisees, Jesus’ own disciples, and even Herod the Tetrarch. And as you know, the crowds were asking this question and had their opinions concerning Jesus’ identity. But here in the text that is open before us today, the question is answered. Jesus asked his disciples, “‘But who do you say that I am?’ And Peter answered, ‘The Christ of God.’” That is the right answer, and it is filled with meaning. 

The second reason I see this text as being especially important and pivotal is that Jesus here reveals to his disciples what kind of Christ he would be and how he would accomplish our salvation. He would suffer, die, and rise again on the third day. Jesus could not have been more direct and clear about this.  After Peter’s wonderful profession, Jesus said,  “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised.” 

And so we will consider this important and pivotal passage in two parts. Firstly, Peter’s answer to the question of Jesus, who do you say that I am? Secondly, Jesus’ clear declaration concerning his mission.

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Peter Professed That Jesus Is The Christ Of God 

First, Peter’s profession.

Luke 9:18 says, “Now it happened that as he was praying alone, the disciples were with him.” Luke does not tell us where Jesus and the disciples were. Matthew and Mark include this story in their Gospels (Matthew 16:13-16; Mark 8:27-29) and they say that Jesus and the disciples were in the district of Caesarea Philippi. This region is far to the north of the Sea of Galilee. But Luke does tell us what Jesus was doing. He was praying. 

In the previous sermon, it was emphasized that Jesus is no ordinary man. He is the person of the eternal Son or Word of God incarnate. So, he is to true God and true man. But in this sermon, I wish to emphasize that Jesus is a true man. The Son of God assumed a true human body and a true human soul. This is why we see him grow in wisdom and stature, hunger and thirst, feel sorrow and angst – and this is why we see him pray.  Jesus was a true man. And as a true man, he communed with God the Father in prayer. He brought his desires to the Father in prayer. He submitted his human will to the will of God the Father in prayer. And he was strengthened in prayer, not according to his divine nature, but in the human nature he assumed. Jesus prayed. He taught his disciples to pray. If we are Jesus’ disciples, we should be constant in prayer, brothers, and sisters.    

After praying – and perhaps he was praying for this conversation he was about to have – he asked his disciples, “Who do the crowds say that I am?” 

Who is Jesus? May I propose to you that this is the most important question a person can ask? Who is Jesus? The way that you answer this question has eternal consequences. And people have many opinions. In the days of Jesus’ earthly ministry, the crowds witnessed the signs and wonders that Jesus performed and they developed theories. The disciples of Jesus reported to him that some said he was “John the Baptist. But others say, Elijah, and others, that one of the prophets of old has risen” (Luke 9:19, ESV). 

John the Baptist was a powerful figure. He was regarded by many as a prophet. Many followed him. But he was imprisoned and then killed. Some surmised that Jesus was John the Baptist raised from the dead. Perhaps some thought that John had not really died.  

Others thought Jesus was Elijah. The last two verses of Malachi, the last book in our Old Testament Scriptures, say, “Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and awesome day of the LORD comes. And he will turn the hearts of fathers to their children and the hearts of children to their fathers, lest I come and strike the land with a decree of utter destruction” (Malachi 4:5–6, ESV). Some thought Jesus was Elijah. In truth, John the Baptist was Elijah – not literally, but he was the Elijah-like prophet whose job it was to prepare the way for the LORD. So the people were mistaken, but it is not difficult to understand why they would think that Jesus was Elijah. 

Jesus was performing signs and wonders. This could not be denied by the people. And so the people developed numerous theories about Jesus’ identity. Some said he was John the Baptist. Others said he was Elijah. And others thought he was one of the Old Testament prophets who had been raised from the dead. One thing is clear: the people held Jesus in very high esteem. None of these answers to the question, who is Jesus?, were correct. But it seems that everyone held Jesus in very high regard. The crowds recognized that he was special and unique. They recognized that he was, in one way or another, from God. 

In Luke 9:20 we read, “Then [Jesus] said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’” Friends, I think it is right for you to hear the voice of Jesus asking you this very question: “Who do you say that I am?” As I said a moment ago, this is the most important question a person can ask, and we must get the answer right, for the consequences are eternal. Peter answered correctly when he uttered the words, “The Christ of God”. Truly, this is the best answer. 

There are other good ways to answer the question, who is Jesus? It would not be wrong to say, Jesus is the Son of God incarnate. That is true! And that is important to say. Neither would it be wrong to say that Jesus is God’s great Prophet – the one of whom Moses spoke in Deuteronomy 18:15, saying, “The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brothers—it is to him you shall listen—” (Deuteronomy 18:15, ESV). Who is Jesus? He is the great Prophet of God. That is true. Neither would be wrong to say that Jesus is the Priest of God’s people – the Priest who has come in the order of Melchizedek. That too is true and important to say. In fact, Hebrews 5 answers the question, who is Jesus?  in this way, and rightly so. And neither would it be wrong to say that Jesus is the King of God’s people – he is the son that was promised to king David – the is the King of God’s kingdom who will reign forever and ever, whose kingdom will have no end. Who is Jesus? He is the eternal Son (or Word) of God incarnate, the great Prophet, Priest, and King of God’s people. This true.  

I’ve said that Peter’s answer was the best answer because the terms he used encompass all of these concepts I have just mentioned (and more). Jesus asked, “But who do you say that I am?” And Peter answered, ‘the Christ of God’”. 

The words, “of God”, in the phrase “the Christ of God” indicate that Peter knew where Jesus had come from. He had come from God. Now, I’m not sure that Peter fully grasped the doctrine of the incarnation at this point in his life. But Matthew’s account of this story helps us to see that Peter understood a lot concerning Jesus’ origin. According to Matthew 16:16, Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” First of all, what are we to make of the discrepancies between Luke and Matthew? Well, there is no real difference. Matthew reports the longer and fuller answer of Peter. Luke’s account of what Peter said is brief, and therefore, more pointed. Mark’s account of Peter’s answer is briefer still. Mark 8:29 reads, “And [Jesus] asked them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ Peter answered him, ‘You are the Christ’” (Mark 8:29, ESV). Mark wished to stress the word “Christ”. Luke wished to stress the word Christ and to make it known that Peter knew that Jesus was from God. And Matthew wished to include Peter’s words about Jesus being the “Son of the living God.”

The word “Christ” in the phrase “the Christ of God” is loaded with meaning. Christ is not Jesus’ last name. It is a very special title. It is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew word, Messiah (see John 1:41; 4:25).  When Peter called Jesus “the Christ of God”, he meant, you are the Messiah that God had promised and that God has sent. 

Messiah (or Christ) means anointed. When used as a title Messiah (or Christ) means the anointed one. To be anointed is to be covered. And in this context, we are talking about being anointed or covered – or we might say, filled and empowered – with the Holy Spirit. Therefore, Peter confessed that Jesus is the Anointed One that God had promised and sent.  

I should tell you, if you search your English translations of the Old Testament for the word “Messiah” you will not find it unless you are reading from one of the few translations that use the word in Daniel 9:25 & 26 and Psalm 2:2 & 28. In the vast majority of cases, the Hebrew word “Messiah” is translated into English as “anointed” or “anointed one”. 

In the Old Testament, you will find that many people were anointed by God. In particular, the prophets (1 Chronicles 16:22), priests (Leviticus 6:22), and kings (2 Samuel 23:1) of the Old Covenant were anointed by God to empower them to fulfill their God-given office. But in the Old Testament Scriptures, you will also find prophecies concerning an Anointed One who was to come, a great Prophet, Priest, and King, a Savior, Redeemer, and Deliverer of God’s people. So then, the Hebrew term “messiah” is used in the Scriptures generically to refer to one who was anointed of God, be it Aaron the priest, David the king, or Nathan the prophet, but it is sometimes used in a much more specific way to refer to the Anointed One, the Promised One, the Son, and the Savior of God’s people who was to come.

Take, for example, Psalm 2:1-2, which says, “Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against his Anointed… ” (Psalm 2:1–2, ESV). As the Psalm continues it becomes clear who this Anointed one is. He is the King of verse 6: “As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.” He is the Son of verses 7-12: “I will tell of the decree: The LORD said to me, ‘You are my Son; today I have begotten you. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.’ Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him” (Psalm 2:6–12, ESV). So then, the Anointed One of Pslam 2 is a great King – a King will have the nations as his heritage – a King who will rule over the whole earth – a King who will judge the nations.

Psalm 132:17 is also important. It speaks of Jerusalem when it says, “There I will make a horn to sprout for David; I have prepared a lamp for my anointed” (Psalm 132:17, ESV). So, David’s son will be the Anointed One. 

Perhaps the most famous Old Testament prophecy regarding the coming of the Anointed One is Daniel 9:25-26: “Know therefore and understand that from the going out of the word to restore and build Jerusalem to the coming of an anointed one, a prince, there shall be seven weeks. Then for sixty-two weeks it shall be built again with squares and moat, but in a troubled time. And after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing. And the people of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. Desolations are decreed” (Daniel 9:25–26, ESV). There are multiple interpretations of this passage. We will not get into them now. Most Christians agree that the anointed one verse 26 who is said to be “cut off” is Jesus the Messiah. Here we have a reference to his death on the cross. 

I’ve cited these passages because they all use the term “Messiah” in a focused and particular way to refer to the Anointed One – a King – a Redeemer – who was to come. But is also important to see that all of the anointed prophets, priests, and kings of the Old Covenant order did foreshadow the Messiah and lead God’s people to live with a sense of anticipation concerning his arrival. There were many anointed prophets like Moses, but there was a Great Anointed Prophet who would one day come. There were many anointed priests who descended from Aaron, but there was a Great Anointed High Priest who would one day come in the order of Melchizedek.  And there were many anointed kings who descended from David, but there would one day arise the Anointed King – the Anointed One of Psalm 2 – who would sit on David’s throne and rule forever and ever. The point that I am here making is that the term “Messiah” does not have to be used for the concept of “Messiah” to be present. When we take into consideration the texts that explicitly speak of a coming Messiah and all of the texts that treat the anointed prophets, priests, and kings of the Old order in a typological way, it is not at all surprising that the people of God were living with a sense of anticipation concerning the soon arrival of the Messiah in the days when Jesus was born. 

As you know, the word Messiah or the Greek equivalent, Christ, is used very frequently in the New Testament. And the New Testament emphatically teaches that Jesus is the Christ (or Messiah) promised from long ago.  

Peter knew it. And he wasn’t the only one. I think it is right to assume that Peter spoke on behalf of the other disciples as well. Remember, Jesus asked the disciples, “who do [you all] say that I am?” Peter spoke up because his conviction was strong and sure, but I hear him speaking as a leader on behalf of the others too. In fact, we should remember John 1:41. There in that text we learn that Peter was not the first disciple to be called. There were two called before him. One was his brother Andrew. And Andrew, after responding to the call of Jesus to follow him, “found his own brother Simon and said to him, ‘We have found the Messiah’ (which means Christ). He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, ‘You are Simon the son of John. You shall be called Cephas” (which means Peter)’ (John 1:41–42, ESV). Andrew was convinced that Jesus was the Messiah before Peter was, but Peter is the one who made this marvelous profession on behalf of the Apostolic band: You, Jesus, are “the Christ of God”.

I hope you can see how pivotal this moment was in the ministry of Jesus and the life of his Apostles.  The question, who then is this?, had been answered and the disciples could then move forward with a new kind of clarity and resolve. Who is Jesus? He is not John the Baptist, Elijah, or one of the prophets of old. He is the Messiah of God, the eternal Son of God incarnate.  

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Jesus Clarified That As The Christ He Would Suffer

There is something else pivotal about this passage that we are considering today, and I would like to touch upon it briefly, before concluding. In our passage, we hear Peter profess that Jesus is the Christ of God, and then we hear Jesus clarify that as the Christ, he would have to suffer.

You are I are accustomed to thinking and talking about the sufferings of Christ for the simple reason that we live a long time after his life, death, burial, and resurrection. It is not hard for us to think about Christ as one who suffered, was rejected, and crucified. But this was a difficult concept for those who lived prior to Jesus’ death and resurrection to grasp, and this included the disciples of Jesus. Many were looking for the arrival of the Messiah. Most assumed he would be a powerful and victorious King. Few understood that his power and victory would be won through suffering and death. But it’s not as if Jesus was unclear. 

Look with me at Luke 9:21: “And he strictly charged and commanded them to tell this to no one…” This sounds strange to us who live after Christ’s death, resurrection, and ascension, for we have been commissioned to go and tell the whole world about Jesus! But there was a time in the earlier part of Jesus’ earthly ministry when he discouraged his followers from spreading the word about him until the appropriate time. Quoting again Luke 9:21, “And he strictly charged and commanded them to tell this to no one, saying, ‘The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised” (Luke 9:21–22, ESV).

The sufferings of Jesus were hinted at in Luke’s Gospel when that old man, Simeon, rejoiced to see the baby Jesus in the temple, blessed Joseph and Mary, and then spoke to Mary saying, “Behold, this child is appointed for the fall and rising of many in Israel, and for a sign that is opposed (and a sword will pierce through your own soul also), so that thoughts from many hearts may be revealed” (Luke 2:34–35, ESV). But up to this point, not much has been said about the sufferings of Jesus. Here, in the moment his disciples confess him to be the Christ of God, Jesus makes it crystal clear that he will be a Christ who suffers, a King who conquers by laying down his life as a sacrifice for many. 

Jesus mentions his suffering for the first time here in Luke 9:22. The theme of his suffering will appear regularly in Luke’s Gospel from this point forward. Often it is emphasized that his disciples could not comprehend what he was saying. It’s as if they had a place in their minds for a Messiah, but they did not have a mental category for a suffering Messiah. 

Listen to Luke 9:44-45. Here Jesus speaks to his disciples, saying, “‘Let these words sink into your ears: The Son of Man [a favorite title for himself]  is about to be delivered into the hands of men.’ But they did not understand this saying, and it was concealed from them, so that they might not perceive it. And they were afraid to ask him about this saying” (Luke 9:44–45, ESV).

In Luke 17 Jesus speaks about the time of the end when he will return to judge and make all things new. In 17:25 he says, “But first [the Son of Man] must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation.” (Luke 17:25, ESV)

In Luke 18:31 we read, “And taking the twelve, [Jesus] said to them, ‘See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be accomplished. For he will be delivered over to the Gentiles and will be mocked and shamefully treated and spit upon. And after flogging him, they will kill him, and on the third day he will rise.’ But they understood none of these things. This saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was said” (Luke 18:31–34, ESV).

In Luke 22:15 we hear Christ speak to his Apostles, saying, “I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer” (Luke 22:15, ESV).

And finally, in Luke 24 Jesus speaks to his disciples after his suffering, death, burial and resurrection, saying in verse 26, “Was it not necessary that the Christ should suffer these things and enter into his glory?” In verse 46, we hear Jesus say, “Thus it is written, that the Christ should suffer and on the third day rise from the dead, and that repentance for the forgiveness of sins should be proclaimed in his name to all nations, beginning from Jerusalem. You are witnesses of these things” (Luke 24:46–48, ESV).

Friends, Peter, and the rest of the disciples were right to confess that Jesus is the Christ of God. They had a lot to learn about him, though. For one, they had to learn what it would mean to have a Christ who would redeem them and lead them by undergoing suffering, rejection, betrayal, and even death. It would be through suffering and death that the Messiah would be raised to glory. A this point in their lives, they were unable to comprehend it. They would comprehend it only after seeing the crucified and risen Lord. 

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Conclusion

I have three very brief questions to ask you by way of conclusion. 

Firstly, who do you say that Jesus is? Do you regard him as just another man? A great teacher? A great man, like John the Baptist, Elijah, or one of the other prophets of Old? Or do you agree that he is the Christ of God? More than this I ask you, do you trust in him? Do you know him as Lord and Savior?

And if you answer the question, who is Jesus?, correctly, saying, the Christ of God, I must ask you, do you see him as your suffering servant? Do you know him as the Messiah – the Anointed Prophet, Priest, and King of God – who has entered into glory and accomplished our salvation through suffering and death? And do you love him all the more for it? 

Thirdly, if you know that Jesus is the Christ, and if you love and adore him as the one who suffered, died, and rose again for you and in your place, I ask, are you willing to suffer as a disciple of his? Notice, this is what Christ called his disciples to do in the passage that follows. Luke 9:23: “And he said to all, ‘If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me. For whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will save it.”