Author Archive

Morning Sermon: Be Merciful, Even As Your Father Is Merciful, Luke 6:27-36

Old Testament Reading: Leviticus 19:1–18, 33–37

“And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, ‘Speak to all the congregation of the people of Israel and say to them, You shall be holy, for I the LORD your God am holy. Every one of you shall revere his mother and his father, and you shall keep my Sabbaths: I am the LORD your God. Do not turn to idols or make for yourselves any gods of cast metal: I am the LORD your God. When you offer a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD, you shall offer it so that you may be accepted. It shall be eaten the same day you offer it or on the day after, and anything left over until the third day shall be burned up with fire. If it is eaten at all on the third day, it is tainted; it will not be accepted, and everyone who eats it shall bear his iniquity, because he has profaned what is holy to the LORD, and that person shall be cut off from his people. When you reap the harvest of your land, you shall not reap your field right up to its edge, neither shall you gather the gleanings after your harvest. And you shall not strip your vineyard bare, neither shall you gather the fallen grapes of your vineyard. You shall leave them for the poor and for the sojourner: I am the LORD your God. You shall not steal; you shall not deal falsely; you shall not lie to one another. You shall not swear by my name falsely, and so profane the name of your God: I am the LORD. You shall not oppress your neighbor or rob him. The wages of a hired worker shall not remain with you all night until the morning. You shall not curse the deaf or put a stumbling block before the blind, but you shall fear your God: I am the LORD. You shall do no injustice in court. You shall not be partial to the poor or defer to the great, but in righteousness shall you judge your neighbor. You shall not go around as a slanderer among your people, and you shall not stand up against the life of your neighbor: I am the LORD. You shall not hate your brother in your heart, but you shall reason frankly with your neighbor, lest you incur sin because of him. You shall not take vengeance or bear a grudge against the sons of your own people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself: I am the LORD… [Verse 33] When a stranger sojourns with you in your land, you shall not do him wrong. You shall treat the stranger who sojourns with you as the native among you, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God. You shall do no wrong in judgment, in measures of length or weight or quantity. You shall have just balances, just weights, a just ephah, and a just hin: I am the LORD your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. And you shall observe all my statutes and all my rules, and do them: I am the LORD.” (Leviticus 19:1–18, 33–37, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 6:27-36

“But I say to you who hear, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you. To one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from one who takes away your cloak do not withhold your tunic either. Give to everyone who begs from you, and from one who takes away your goods do not demand them back. And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them. If you love those who love you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. And if you do good to those who do good to you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. And if you lend to those from whom you expect to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to get back the same amount. But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful.” (Luke 6:27–36, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

As we move forward in our consideration of Jesus’ sermon on the plane, we should remember a few things that were stated in the sermon that I preached on the previous passage. 

One, do not forget Jesus’ audience. He directed these sayings, not to the non-believing world, but to his disciples. This does not mean that the principles stated here have no significance or application for the non-beliving world. But it does mean that what Jesus said was first and foremost for his disciples. He called his disciples to himself, fixed his eyes on them, and spoke these words (Luke 6:20).  

Two, do not forget what the sermon on the plane is. Here we find ethical teachings from Jesus. Here Jesus tells his followers how they are to live in the world. The Chritian faith is a way of life, remember. Yes, it is a way of believing. But it is not only that. It is also a way of living.  Christians, having belived what the Bible says, and having placed their faith or trust in Jesus, are then to walk in a particular way. They are to walk in the way of Christ. They are to obey God’s moral law. They are to adopt these ethical teaching of Jesus and live according to them. christ Everyone is to do that. But here Jesus gives special instructions to his disciples concerning the way in which they are to walk in this world.  

Three, do not forget what the previous passage said. Jesus began his sermon on the plane by declaring his followers to be blessed. And he did not only say that they were blessed, he gave the reasons. Followers of Jesus are truly blessed because the eternal kingdom of God belongs to them. They are forgiven and made righteous in God’s sight through faith in Jesus. They will enter heaven when they die. They will enter the new heavans and earth when Christ returns to judge and make all things new.  So then, those who follow Jesus have reason to rejoice even if they are poor, hungry, mourning, and despised by men presently in this world. Christ spoke to his followers saying, “Blessed are you when people hate you and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man!” (Luke 6:22, ESV). And then he commanded them to ‘Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven; for so their fathers did to the prophets” (Luke 6:22–23, ESV). So then, those who have faith in Jesus are to have this mindset. They must see and know that they are blessed in Christ. And then, being convinced of this, they are to rejoice, even in the face of persecution. They must see himselves as blessed and also know that those not in Christ are in a woeful condition. This is true even if they are rich, comfortable, and honored by others in this world. The whole passage that we considered last week was about adopting this heavenly and eternal mindset. And the mindset was to result in rejoicing. 

Brothers and sisters, I want you to see that the passage we considered last Sunday (Luke 6:20-26), and the passage we are considering today (Luke 6:27-36), are intimately related. In the previous passage, Jesus declared his followers (who gave up the things of this world to follow him) to be blessed, and he pronounced woes on those wicked who choose the riches, pleasures, and prestige of this world over devotion to Christ. Jesus’ followers are blessed even when they suffer persecution at the hands of the wicked. The question that naturally follows is this: how should the disciples of Jesus treat the wicked? What should their attitude or disposition be towards those who exclude, revile, and persecute them? How is the follower of Jesus to relate to those who refuse to follow after Christ, and even do them harm? Is this not the question that naturally arises? If it is true that the disciples of Jesus will suffer persecutions in the world of the kind described in Luke 6:22, then how are Christians to treat their enemies? Are we to exchange evil for evil, blow for blow, insult for insult, curse for curse? Listen again to the words of Jesus. “But I say to you who hear, Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you” (Luke 6:27–28, ESV).

Speaking of abuse… this passage that we are considering today has often been abused. Some have run to this passage to support the idea that civil authorities ought not to punish murderers with the death penalty. “Love your enemies”, Jesus says. “Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful.” And so they pick up this text that was addressed to Jesus’ disciples and apply it to the civil magistrate. Others have used this text to teach that Christians should never defend themselves, attempt to escape their abusers, or demand restitution when some damage has been done to their person or property. After all, Jesus says, “To one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from one who takes away your cloak do not withhold your tunic either”, or so the argument does. And others have taught that Christians cannot serve in the military or in our judicial system, for serving in these spheres naturally requires the Christian to violate the principles that Jesus here teaches his disciples. 

Clearly, these are misinterpretations and misapplications of this text. One, these interpretations of the text ignore the very specific context of Jesus’ words. He was speaking to his followers regarding how they are to view and relate to personal enemies. This text is not about how a civil magistrate is to relate to a convicted criminal, how a military man is to relate to an enemy force, or how a homeowner, husband, and father is to relate to a dangerous intruder. Yes, there are principles here that may be applied even in situations like these. But the text does not teach the non-aggression principle, as some have claimed, for Jesus has personal enemies and enduring persecution for the Son of Man’s sake in view when he says, “Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who abuse you.” Two, whatever Jesus says here about loving your enemies cannot contradict what the Scriptures say elsewhere. And a careful examination of the Scriptures reveals that God has given the civil magistrate the authority to punish the criminal even with the sword (see Romans 13), that Christians may serve in the civil realm and even in the military (see Luke 3:14), and that self-defense is permitted. In fact, in Luke 22:36 Jesus speaks to his disciples, saying,  “And let the one who has no sword sell his cloak and buy one” (Luke 22:36, ESV). This is not a reference to the sword of the civil magistrate, but the sword of self-defense. Christians are certainly permitted to defend their person and property against violent men and thieves.  

What then is Jesus teaching here?  He is instructing his disciples concerning the mindset or attitude they are to have towards their personal enemies and even their persecutors. And of course, this mindset or attitude will result in a way of life. So then, just as the mindset about being eternally blessed in Christ (as was taught in the previous passage) is to produce rejoicing in the believer, so too the love that we have for our enemies in the heart is to result in showing mercy and doing good even to those who mistreat us. Here Jesus commands his followers to love their enemies and to be merciful to them, for in this way they will show themselves to be “sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil” (Luke 6:35).

In just a moment, we will consider this text piece by piece. But before we do, I would like to pause and acknowledge that this teaching is very challenging. We should admit that our natural (sinful) inclination is not to love our enemies but to hate them. Our natural (sinful) proclivity is to retaliate against those who do us harm. We have all felt the desire to get even, to exchange blow for blow, and insult for insult. But this is not the way of Christ. Remember, the Christian faith is a way of life. And this is not the way that Christ has commanded his followers to walk. Friend, are you a disciple of Jesus? A disciple is a learner, remember? And if you are a disciple of Jesus you are not only to learn true doctrine from him. You are also to learn to walk in his way. Or to use the language of John, “By this we may know that we are in [Christ]: whoever says he abides in him ought to walk in the same way in which he walked” (1 John 2:5–6, ESV).

Let us go now to our text. We will consider it in three parts. First of all, we will look at the command that Christ gives to his disciples to love their enemies (vs. 27-31). Secondly, we will consider what the Lord said about this being a distinguishing characteristic of the Christian (vs. 32-34). And thirdly, we will consider the motivation we have to love our enemies, namely, the glory of God and our eternal good. 

*****

Love Your Enemies

First, Christ commands his disciples to love their enemies. In verse 27 we hear the voice of our Savior: “But I say to you who hear, Love your enemies…” This is a commandment. Christ commands his followers to walk in this way: they are to love their enemies. To love is to have affection or concern for another person. And Christ is here commanding that his followers to have a kind of affection and concern for their enemies. I do not take this to mean that we must have the same kind (or degree) of affection and concern for our enemies as parents have for their children, or as husbands and wives have for oneanother, or as brothers and sisters in Christ have for eachother. I think it is understood that there will always be differing degrees of affection and concern for others depending on the relationship. But the command of Christ is clear and unwavering: “Love your enemies”, Christ says. As you think of your enemies, or as you look at your enemy, you are to love them. You are to have affection (or sympathy) for them. You are to be concerned for their well-being – especially their eternal well-being.    

The command to love your enemies is the primary command in this passage. What does Jesus command his followers to do as it pertains to their relationship with those who mistreat them? They are to love their enemies. But you will notice that this primary command is followed by seven subordinate commands. And these all clarify what Jesus means when he says, “love your enemies”. Ok, Jesus. So you are saying that I am to love my enemies. I am to have a kind of affection and concern for them. But how am I to treat them? What is this love to look like practically speaking  

Next, Christ says, “do good to those who hate you…” Does someone hate you? Do they hate you because you are a follower of Jesus and because you walk in the way? Then love them in return, and do good to them. 

I think of Paul’s words to the church in Rome. He wrote to them, saying, “Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, ‘Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.’ To the contrary, ‘if your enemy is hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink; for by so doing you will heap burning coals on his head.’ Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good” (Romans 12:19–21, ESV). If someone hates you and does evil to you, as a Christian, you are not to avenge yourself. Instead, you are to leave the vengeance to the Lord, and you are to do good to your enemy. If he’s “hungry, feed him; if he is thirsty, give him something to drink”. And when Paul says you will “heap burning coals on his head” (quoting Proverbs 25:22), he means that you will get your enemies’ attention this way.  

“Love your enemies”, Jesus commands. And by this, he means, we are to “do good to those who hate” us. Next, he commands his followers to “bless those who curse” them. To curse is to speak against. To bless is to speak well of. When an enemy curses you, brothers and sisters – or to use the language from the previous passage – when your enemy reviles you and spurns your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man! (Luke 6:22, ESV), you are not to curse in return but to bless. You are to answer your enemy’s hateful speech with kind speech. You are even to ask God to do something good for that person, for that is what means to pronounce a blessing on another.

The third sub-command, following the main command to “love your enemies”, is found at the end of verse 28: “pray for those who abuse you”, Christ says. The Greek word translated as “abuse” can also be translated with a variety of English words. Other translations say,  “mistreat”, “spitefully use”, and “falsely accuse”. How is the Christian to respond to mistreatment? They are to pray for their abuser. Notice, the text does not say that the Christian is to enable the abuser, or that Christians must not remove themselves from the abuser so as to escape the abuse (think of how often Paul fled from persecution in a given city). But the Christians is called to pray for those who mistreat them. We are to be like our Lord who cried out to the Father on the cross, and prayed for those who crucified him, saying, “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34, ESV). 

The fourth sub-command is found in verse 29: “To one who strikes you on the cheek, offer the other also, and from one who takes away your cloak do not withhold your tunic either” (Luke 6:29, ESV). The command is found in the phrase, “offer the other also”. A slap to the face is an act of disrespect. It is not a full-blown assault with the intent to do bodily harm. If the intent were to do serious physical harm, the hand would not be open but closed. So then, Christ is here teaching that a Christian should be willing to accept disrespect and loss for the sake of maintaining a Christian witness. 

Christ does not here forbid self-defense in a general sense. Instead, he teaches that a Christain must be willing to endure mistreatment, especially for the sake of Christ and the gospel. If someone slaps you on the cheek, especially if it is because you follow Jesus, then do not retaliate. Turn the other cheek to them, which is a sign of your willingness to endure mistreatment in Jesus’ name.  

Listen to Peter’s teaching on this point. In 1 Peter 2:19 we read, “For this is a gracious thing, when, mindful of God, one endures sorrows while suffering unjustly. For what credit is it if, when you sin and are beaten for it, you endure? But if when you do good and suffer for it you endure, this is a gracious thing in the sight of God. For to this you have been called, because Christ also suffered for you, leaving you an example, so that you might follow in his steps. He committed no sin, neither was deceit found in his mouth. When he was reviled, he did not revile in return; when he suffered, he did not threaten, but continued entrusting himself to him who judges justly” (1 Peter 2:19–23, ESV). 

The fifth and sixth sub-commands are found in verse 30: “Give to everyone who begs from you, and from one who takes away your goods do not demand them back” (Luke 6:30, ESV). Again, I must offer a word of caution. I do not believe that Christ is here saying that we must give to every beggar who asks for a handout. It may be that we have legitimate concerns that the money we give would be used, not for good, but for evil. And we must not forget what Paul says, “If anyone is not willing to work, let him not eat” (2 Thessalonians 3:10, ESV). Indeed, we are to be wise with the resources that God has given to us. We are not to squander those resources or enable others in their addictions, etc. In context, Jesus is teaching that if an enemy of ours is in some legitimate need and he pleads with us for help, we must respond generously. We are not to hold back if it is within our power and if it is our place to meet the need. And in situations where our goods are taken from us (the context being persecution on account of Christ), we are not to demand to have our goods returned to us. Again I say, this is not common theft, but some form of persecution that is in view. And in situations like these, the Christian is to suffer the wrong. We are not to seek revenge. We are not to be driven by angry and vindictive passions. 

The seventh sub-command is special. It has been referred to as the golden rule. It is a law of sorts which clearly communicates what it means to love another person. Sometimes it might be unclear as to what exactly our duty is to another person, but this law is light to our feet: “And as you wish that others would do to you, do so to them” (Luke 6:31, ESV). Do you wish that people would treat you with kindness and respect? Do you wish that people would help you if you were in some need? Then treat others in this way – yes, even your enemies. The question we must ask is, how would I want to be treated in this situation? And then we are commanded to treat others in that same way. 

To summarize this entire section, I’ll quote from the commentator J.C. Ryle again, just as I did in the previous sermon. His words are succinct and clear. 

“In the first place our Lord explains the nature and extent of Christian charity. The disciples might ask, Whom are we to love? He bids them ‘love their enemies, do good to them that hate them, bless them that curse them, and pray for them that despitefully use them.’ Their love was to be like his own towards sinners – unselfish, disinterested, and uninfluenced by any hope for return. – What was to be the manner of this love? the disciples might ask. It was to be self-sacrificing and self-denying. ‘Unto him that smiteth thee on the one cheek offer also the other’ – ‘Him that taketh away thy cloak forbid not to take thy coat also.’ They were to give up much, and endure much, for the sake of showing kindness and avoiding strife. They were to forego even their rights, and submit to wrong, rather than awake angry passions and create quarrels. In this they were to be like their Master, long-suffering, meek, and lowly in heart.”

Brothers and sisters, I’m afraid that this teaching from our Lord is often neglected today. The Christian faith is a way of life, and the way is to be marked by love – self-sacrificing love – yes, even love for our enemies.  

*****

This Is A Distinguishing Characteristic Of A Disciple

After Christ commands his disciples to love even their enemies, he teaches that this is to be a defining characteristic of his followers. 

In verse 32 we read, “If you love those who love you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them. And if you do good to those who do good to you, what benefit is that to you? For even sinners do the same. And if you lend to those from whom you expect to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners, to get back the same amount.”

So you can see that Christ calls his disciples to a higher way. Even the non-beliving and unregenerate will love those who love them, do good to those who do good to them, and lend to those who will surely repay. But Christ calls his disciples to a higher way of life. You see, the unregenerate are willing to live according to the works principle. I’ll love you, so long as you are worthy, is the idea. If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. But the follower of Christ is called higher. The love and mercy we show is to be unmerited. I’ll love you, not because you are worthy – not because you have earned my love – but because Christ has commanded it. I’ll scratch your back knowing that you will likely never scratch mine. More than this, I will bless you even if you curse me. I’ll do good to you even if you do evil to me. This is a higher way of life. It is a way of life characterized by unconditional love. 

You know, we use the phrase “unconditional love”, and “unconditional grace” often within the church. What does it mean? It means that God’s love for us in Christ Jesus, and the common mercy that God shows even to the wicked, is not conditioned, based, or rooted in the creature, but is freely given. In other words, God’s mercy and grace it is not earned by us in any way. The love that the world has is often conditional. I’ll show respect to you so long as… That is the way of the world. But those in Christ are called to walk on a higher path by loving with a greater kind of love – unconditional love.

*****

To Live According To The Way, Christians Must Remember That Those Who Do Not Follow Christ Live Under God’s Wrath And Curse 

The third and final observation that I have from our text has to do with motivation. The disciple of Jesus is to love their enemies for the glory of God and for their eternal good. 

Look at verse 35: “But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful” (Luke 6:27–36, ESV).

I mention our eternal good because of Christ’s words, “and your reward will be great”.  It is very rewarding to live and to love in this way. Truth be told, it is rewarding now! It is a great blessing to live in this self-sacrificial way. It is a joyous thing to love others unconditionally. It is joy to give and to serve. It is not a burden, brothers and sisters, but freedom and joy. And in contrast to this, a self-centered life really a miserable life. “You’ve probably heard it say, it is more blessed to give than receive”. And this is true. To love your enemies, do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return, brings great rewards in this life, and especially in the life to come. The disciples of Jesus who live and love in this way will store up for themselves treasures in heaven. 

When I speak of being motivated by the glory of God I mean that by living and loving in this way we will bring honor to our Father and heaven and show that we are indeed his beloved and redeemed children.  Christ said, love your enemies, do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return… and you will be sons of the Most High, for he is kind to the ungrateful and the evil. Be merciful, even as your Father is merciful.” So then, those who are adopted as sons and daughters of God through faith in Christ are to imitate their heavenly Father in this way. Just as he shows mercy to all – even to the ungrateful and evil – causing it to rain on the just and unjust alike, so too the disciples of Jesus are to show love and mercy to all, yes even our enemies.

*****

Reflections

Brothers and sisters, I will move this sermon towards a close by offering a few reflections on this text.

Some of you might be able to apply this text in a very direct way. Perhaps you have a coworker, a boss, or a neighbor who mistreats you because you are a follower of Christ. Christians throughout history, and even up to this present day have endured persecution of the kind described in the previous text, and therefore, they have the opportunity to apply the teaching of our Lord in a very direct way. Love your enemies. But all of Jesus’ disciples must adopt this mindset even if they are not reviled and mistreated on account of the Son of Man (Luke 6:22). And if we have this mindset to love our enemies unconditionally and selflessly, then we will be well prepared to love everyone, especially those who are friends of ours, with the unconditional love of Christ. Brothers and sisters, love your enemies and love one another too! 

In another place, Christ said,  “A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another: just as I have loved you, you also are to love one another. By this all people will know that you are my disciples, if you have love for one another” (John 13:34–35, ESV). So you see, love is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the Christian. Christians are to be known for their love – unconditional, selfless love – love for their enemies, and especially their love for one another.

I want you to think of how easy it is to slip back into the works principle even in your closest and most intimate relationships. I am thinking here of the relationship between parent and child,  amongst siblings, between husbands and wives, and even within the church, member to member, and between pastors and members. You might not even be aware of it, but it is very easy to fall into the I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine mindset, or the I’ll love you so long as you are lovely error. This mindset is a relationship killer. It is selfishness at its core. It is about receiving before it is about giving. It will never produce a relationship characterized by the love and mercy of God. Instead, this mindset will produce a vicious cycle of bitterness, backbiting, and revenge. Can you picture it? One dirty look is exchanged for another. Every harsh and impatient word receives a harsh reply. Every insult is answered with an insult of equal or greater force. Over time, the heart grows cold and hard. Conditional love is cold. It is not freely or generously given. No, it is calculating. Have they earned it?, is the question. Have they pleased me enough to be worthy to receive my kindness? But unconditional love is true love. It is warm and life-giving. It is generous and free-flowing, for love and kindness are shown irrespective of merit. This is the kind of love that God shows to sinners. He is merciful even to the unrighteous. He gives good gifts even to those who hate him. And this is especially the kind of love that Christ has for his church unto salvation. He has loved us with unconditional love. He died for us while we were yet sinners. He laid down his life for his people. Though were undeserving and while we were still his enemies, Christ was crucified for us and for our salvation. While we were still rebels, he graciously and effectively called us to himself by his word and Spirit. Christians are called to love in this unconditional way. Love your enemies, brothers and sisters. And especially love one another.  

Can you imagine how wonderful the world would be if everyone loved in this unconditional way? And even if you were to imagine a world still plagued by sin, think of how good it would be if most or many would respond to personal mistreatment in a merciful and gracious manner. I suppose that most wars would cease. Certainly, personal conflicts would diminish and hearts would not be so cold. Frankly, I do not have hope for the non-beliving world. Unless the Lord shows mercy and regenerates them by his word and Spirit, and saves them through faith in Christ the Son, the world will continue to hate, take revenge on personal enemies, and love according to the question of merit or personal benefit. But the Christian is to walk in a differnt way. Therefore, we should expect to have a little taste of heaven on earth in our churches and in our homes as we love one another with the unconditional love of God. And we ought to be resolved to give the world a taste of it too as we show unconditional love and mercy even to those who mistreat us. 

And the Christian is able to love in this way. Why?

One, the Christian has experienced the unconditional love of God in Christ Jesus in the Covenant of Grace.

Two, the Christian’s heart has been renewed or regenerated by the Holy Spirit. The Spirit has made our cold, hard hearts warm and soft. 

Three, the Christian has been freed from bondage to sin in the kingdom of darkness and death and has been transferred into the kingdom of light where Jesus is Lord. The ethics are different here. 

“Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God, and whoever loves has been born of God and knows God. Anyone who does not love does not know God, because God is love. In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins. Beloved, if God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. No one has ever seen God; if we love one another, God abides in us and his love is perfected in us.” (1 John 4:7–12, ESV)

Lastly, do not forget that Christ commands his disciples to love in this way. If we are followers of Jesus, we must love as he loves. We cannot pride ourselves in having  sound doctrine and right worship and forsake love. As Paul says, “If I speak in the tongues of men and of angels, but have not love, I am a noisy gong or a clanging cymbal. And if I have prophetic powers, and understand all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have all faith, so as to remove mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. If I give away all I have, and if I deliver up my body to be burned, but have not love, I gain nothing… So now faith, hope, and love abide, these three; but the greatest of these is love.” (1 Corinthians 13:1-3, 13, ESV)

Discussion Questions: Luke 6:27-36

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION AT HOME OR IN GOSPEL COMMUNITY GROUPS

The sermon manuscript is available at emmausrbc.org/category/sermons

  • How does the context of this passage limit what Jesus means when he says, “Love your enemies”?
  • “Love your enemies” is the main command. How do the sub-commands that follow in verses 37-31 clarify what is meant by the main command?
  • The world loves in a conditional sense. How are Christians to be different? Discuss. 
  • What reward is there in loving in the way that Christ commanded? Is there a reward in this life? What about the life to come?
  • It is easy to slip back into the works principle in our relationships. How so?
  • Why are Christians able to love in this unconditional way?

Discussion Questions: Baptist Catechism 95

  • What are the four ordinary means of grace?
  • How does God use his word to bring us to faith and to grow us in the faith?
  • How can we prepare ourselves to hear and receive the word of God?
  • How can we grow in our ability to listen to sermons?
  • How can we become better “doers of the word” as James 1:19-26 says?

Afternoon Sermon: How Is The Word Made Effectual To Salvation?, Baptist Catechism 94, Psalm 119:1-18

Baptist Catechism 94

Q. 94 How is the Word made effectual to salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation. (Ps. 119:11,18; 1 Thess. 1:6; 1 Peter 2:1,2; Rom. 1:16; Ps. 19:7)

Scripture Reading: Psalm 119:1-18

“Blessed are those whose way is blameless, who walk in the law of the LORD! Blessed are those who keep his testimonies, who seek him with their whole heart, who also do no wrong, but walk in his ways! You have commanded your precepts to be kept diligently. Oh that my ways may be steadfast in keeping your statutes! Then I shall not be put to shame, having my eyes fixed on all your commandments. I will praise you with an upright heart, when I learn your righteous rules. I will keep your statutes; do not utterly forsake me! How can a young man keep his way pure? By guarding it according to your word. With my whole heart I seek you; let me not wander from your commandments! I have stored up your word in my heart, that I might not sin against you. Blessed are you, O LORD; teach me your statutes! With my lips I declare all the rules of your mouth. In the way of your testimonies I delight as much as in all riches. I will meditate on your precepts and fix my eyes on your ways. I will delight in your statutes; I will not forget your word. Deal bountifully with your servant, that I may live and keep your word. Open my eyes, that I may behold wondrous things out of your law.” (Psalm 119:1–18, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

*****

Let us remember what we learned in the last catechism question before considering this one. In question 93 we learned that God often works through means. In other words, God often uses things to accomplish his purposes. 

When it comes to distributing to us the benefits of the redemption that Christ has earned, he ordinarily works through four things: the Word of God, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and prayer. These have been called “the ordinary means of grace.” 

This does not mean that God cannot work in our lives in other ways. He certainly can! But God has determined to work through these things, ordinarily. He brings his elect to faith, strengthens them, and preserves them through these ordinary means of grace. 

In the questions that follow, our catechism will teach us a lot more about these means of grace. We will learn a lot about how God works through the Word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and prayer. Today or focus is on the Word of God. 

*****

Baptist Catechism 94

Again, the question: How is the Word made effectual to salvation? The answer begins like this: “The Spirit of God maketh… the Word an effectual means…” 

This will be a constant theme as we consider these means of grace. How do they become effective? How do they get the job done in bringing sinners to repentance and faith, in sanctifying God’s children, and causing them to persevere? The Spirit of God makes these ordinary things effective.

You know this, don’t you, that many will hear the word of God proclaimed, but only some will believe it? What makes the difference? Is it the skill of the preacher? Is it the inherent goodness or lack thereof of the hearer? No, it is God who makes the difference. In particular, it is the Spirit of God who opens blind eyes and unstops deaf ears. The Spirit makes the Word an effective means of salvation. This is why Jesus said, “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him. And I will raise him up on the last day” (John 6:44, ESV). And how does the Father draw sinners except by the working of his Holy Spirit at the word is preached? 

So it is the Spirit working within the minds and hearts of men and women who makes these ordinary means of grace effective. And notice that our catechism teaches that the “Spirit makes reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means…”

I think it is right that our catechism mentions both the reading and the preaching of the word as a means of grace, while at the same time giving priority to the preached word.  

You should read your Bibles, brothers and sisters. You are blessed to have copies of the Holy Scriptures translated in your native tongue and accessible in your homes. That is a great blessing. Read the Scriptures, friends. But do not forget that the vast majority of God’s people did not have this privilege. 

How then were God’s people in times past (or in other places in the world today) fed with God’s word? Answer: They assembled together with God’s people to hear the Scriptures read and preached. 

Pastors are given to the church by Christ, and one of their primary responsibilities is to read the Scriptures to the congregation. Paul wrote to Timothy, saying, “Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture…” (1 Timothy 4:13, ESV). I wonder, brothers and sisters, do you listen intently to the Scriptures when they are read? It is God’s word! We should listen intently! 

But Pastors are also to preach the word. They are to proclaim it, teach it, and apply it to the congregation. Listen again to Paul’s words to Timothy: “Until I come, devote yourself to the public reading of Scripture, to exhortation, to teaching.” (1 Timothy 4:13, ESV). In another place, Paul says, “I charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who is to judge the living and the dead, and by his appearing and his kingdom: preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and exhort, with complete patience and teaching. For the time is coming when people will not endure sound teaching, but having itching ears they will accumulate for themselves teachers to suit their own passions, and will turn away from listening to the truth and wander off into myths” (2 Timothy 4:1–4, ESV).

So the word of God is to be read aloud, and it is to be preached. “The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means” unto salvation.  Are you eager to hear the word preached, brothers and sisters?

Notice what the Spirit of God does within God’s elect through the word when it is read and preached. 

“He convinces sinners…”


“He converts sinners…” 

“He builds them up in holiness…”

He builds them up in comfort…”

All of this is received “through faith…”

And all of this is “unto salvation.”  

*****

Conclusion

Let me conclude with three points of application. 

One, if we wish to see sinners come to faith and repentance, we must preach the word of God. 

“For I am not ashamed of the gospel, for it is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.” (Romans 1:16, ESV)

Two, if we wish to grow in Christ, being built up in holiness and comfort, then we must listen to the word read and preached.

Three, if the word is to benefit us at all, then we must come to it in faith, which is itself the gift of God. Prepare your hearts to hear God’s word, friends. Pray that the Lord would increase your faith as you come to hear the word read and preached each Lord’s day. 

Q. 94 How is the Word made effectual to salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation. (Ps. 119:11,18; 1 Thess. 1:6; 1 Peter 2:1,2; Rom. 1:16; Ps. 19:7)

Discussion Questions: Baptist Catechism 94

  1. What are the four ordinary means of grace?
  2. How does God use his word to bring us to faith and to grow us in the faith?
  3. Why is it necessary for the Spirit to work within us to make these means of grace effective?
  4. Will the reading and preaching of the word benefit us at all if there is no faith? Discuss.
  5. Discuss some ways that a person can prepare their minds and heart to receive the word of God as it is read and preached.
  6. Should Christians read the Bible for themselves? Discuss how to do that well. 

Discussion Questions: Luke 6:17-26

QUESTIONS FOR DISCUSSION AT HOME OR IN GOSPEL COMMUNITY GROUPS

The sermon manuscript is available at emmausrbc.org/category/sermons

  • Why is it important to correctly identify the audience of Jesus’ sermon on the plane?
  • Jesus does not command his disciples to be blessed, he declares them to be blessed. Why is this an important observation?
  • There is a string of commandments in this passage. What does Christ command his disciples to do?
  • What is to be the basis for the Christian’s rejoicing?   
  • Why is this perspective vital for us to have if we are to faithfully and happily walk with Jesus in the Way?

Morning Sermon: Blessed Are The Disciples Of Jesus, Luke 6:17-26

Old Testament Reading: Amos 6:4-7

“Woe to those who lie on beds of ivory and stretch themselves out on their couches, and eat lambs from the flock and calves from the midst of the stall, who sing idle songs to the sound of the harp and like David invent for themselves instruments of music, who drink wine in bowls and anoint themselves with the finest oils, but are not grieved over the ruin of Joseph! Therefore they shall now be the first of those who go into exile, and the revelry of those who stretch themselves out shall pass away.” (Amos 6:4–7, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 6:17-26

“And he came down with them and stood on a level place, with a great crowd of his disciples and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases. And those who were troubled with unclean spirits were cured. And all the crowd sought to touch him, for power came out from him and healed them all. And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said: ‘Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. Blessed are you who are hungry now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh. Blessed are you when people hate you and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man! Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven; for so their fathers did to the prophets. But woe to you who are rich, for you have received your consolation. Woe to you who are full now, for you shall be hungry. Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep. Woe to you, when all people speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets.” (Luke 6:17–26, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

We come now in our study of Luke’s Gospel to what has been called, Jesus’ Sermon on the Plane. This sermon is very similar to the sermon of Jesus that is recorded in Matthew’s Gospel, which is called the Sermon on the Mount. In fact, I misspoke last Sunday when, in passing, I referred to this sermon in Luke’s Gospel as the Sermon on the Mount, and only realized my error after the fact. To set the record straight, Luke records for us the Sermon on the Plane, for in Luke 6:17 we read, “And he [Jesus] came down with them and stood on a level place…”, and then in 6:20 we read,  “And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said: “Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God” (Luke 6:20, ESV), etc. So, Luke records for us a sermon that Jesus preached in a level place, or a plane.

As I have said, the Sermon on the Mount, as recorded in Matthew 5:1-7:27, and the Sermon on the Plane, as recorded here in Luke 6:20-49, are very similar, but they are not the same. And one might wonder why are they different. The answer is simple, I think. Jesus preached a lot. He had standard sayings that he would repeat over and over again but with some variation. Matthew and Luke were both concerned to record for us the sayings of Jesus. But that does not mean they were both recounting the exact same sermon. In Luke, we appear to have an abbreviated version of the sayings of Jesus. It seems that Jesus delivered an abbreviated version of, what we call, the  Sermon on the Mount when he came down from the mountain to this level place with his disciples.

As we turn now to Luke’s Gospel, let us pay special attention to Jesus’ audience. Some have errored in their interpretation and application of these sayings of Jesus, and I think that many of these errors can be traced back to a failure to identify Jesus’ audience. Who was Jesus preaching to? That is the question.

Back in Luke 6:12 we read, “In these days he [Jesus] went out to the mountain to pray, and all night he continued in prayer to God. And when day came, he called his disciples and chose from them twelve, whom he named apostles” (Luke 6:12–13, ESV). After this, the apostles are named. And then in verse 17 we read, “And he came down with them”, that is to say, with the twelve, “and stood on a level place, with a great crowd of his disciples and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon…” (Luke 6:17, ESV). 

Can you picture the scene? You have Jesus with the twelve apostles. And it is not only the twelve who were with him, but many other disciples of Jesus were there too. A disciple is a learner or follower. So there were twelve main disciples of Jesus. These are called apostles. But there were many other disciples too. Luke describes them as being a “great crowd”. And Luke also mentions “a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon, who came to hear him and to be healed of their diseases…” (Luke 6:17–18, ESV). One thing that should be acknowledged is that those who came from Tyre and Sidon were most likely Gentiles. And this fits with the theme that has been building in Luke – Jesus is the Savior, not of the Jews only, but of the Gentiles too – he is the Savior of the world. And so it was not only Jews who followed him in the beginning, but some Gentiles too. 

This “great multitude” came from “ Judea and Jerusalem and the seacoast of Tyre and Sidon… “to hear him and to be healed of their diseases. And those who were troubled with unclean spirits were cured.” (Luke 6:17–18, ESV). So, they did not only come to be healed physically and spiritually but to hear him. We have already witnessed this in Luke’s Gospel. The miraculous healings Jesus performed were, in part, a demonstration that his word was true. And in verse 19 we read, “And all the crowd sought to touch him, for power came out from him and healed them all.” Finally, in verse 20 we read, “And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said: “Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God”, etc.

So, if I were to ask you the question, to whom did Jesus preach in his Sermon on the Plane, what would you say? Answer: he was speaking to his disciples. And by the way, the same may be said of the Sermon on the Mount: Matthew 5:1 says, “Seeing the crowds, he went up on the mountain, and when he sat down, his disciples came to him. And he opened his mouth and taught them, saying: ‘Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven’” (Matthew 5:1–3, ESV).

So, Jesus spoke these words to his disciples. Stated negatively, he did not direct these sayings to the non-believing world. He was not preaching to the poor, in general, to the hungry, in general, or to those who weep and are hated in general. No, he was speaking to his disciples when he pronounced these blessings on them. You see, these people were blessed, not because they were poor, hungry, mournful, and hated, but because they were disciples of Jesus. And it was because they were disciples of Jesus, that Christ could say to them, “for yours is the kingdom of God”, “for you shall be satisfied”, “for you shall laugh”, and “for behold, your reward is great in heaven”.

Please understand, there is no inherent blessing in poverty. There is no inherent blessing in hunger, mourning, or persecution. But there is blessing (happiness) in Jesus. Those who are poor, hungry, mourning, and persecuted in Christ are blessed, for in Christ we have inherited a kingdom. In Christ, we shall be satisfied and laugh. In Christ and through faith in him,  we have a great reward in heaven. And it should also be said that those who are poor, hungry, mourning, and persecuted because of their allegiance with Christ or, to use the language of Luke 6:22, “on account the Son of Man!”, are especially blessed. You see, that was the reality for many who followed Christ in those days. They left everything to follow him (see Luke 6:11, 28), and they became outcasts. So poor were they that they had to pluck grain from the fields even on the Sabbath day to satiate their hunger.    

I wonder if you are beginning to see why it is vital for us to identify Jesus’ audience. This teaching, friends, is not directed to the world. Yes, some things are said about the non-believer in these sermons. And yes, there are truths stated in these sermons that may be applied to the non-believer. But the sermons are directed to the disciples of Jesus. 

This teaching is not directed to the non-believing world, and neither is it directed to civil governments. I do not want to spend too much time on this, but I have heard some say that Jesus’ teachings found later in this sermon regarding loving your enemies, being kind to the evil person, judging not, and forgiving, should be applied by our civil governments. The idea here is that Jesus provides civil government nations with a new, kind, and gentle civil law or ethic to replace the old, harsh, and judgemental civil law given to Old Covenant Israel. This view must be rejected. In fact, retributive justice is one of the only things that civil governments are to be concerned with (see Romans 13). Also, civil governments are to defend the nation against enemies. Jesus is not revealing a new civil law, here. He is not telling governments to judge not in a civil sense or to love their enemies in a civil sense. In fact, there are no civil laws given to the New Covenant people of God, for the New Covenant people of God are not a nation but are sojourners and exiles on this earth. Christ’s kingdom is not of this world. Common civil governments today have the moral and natural law of God as their guide, just as they always have. And civil magistrates are to use the sword that God has entrusted to them to punish wrongdoers and to reward those who do good. They are to concern themselves with retributive justice as it pertains to crimes against persons. And it is God’s moral law that informs us concerning what is just. So, while the Sermon on the Plane or Mount might apply to individuals who serve within civil governments in a personal way, it is certainly not a new civil law.  

And there is one more thing that I should say, even if it is just in passing. Jesus’ Sermon on the Plane and his Sermon on the Mount are not a replacement for the moral law of God as revealed in nature and summarised in the Ten Commandments. Yes, it is true. When Jesus goes up on the mountain to pray, when he calls his disciples to come up with him, and when he comes down and begins to teach, this is to remind of the book of Exodus and of Moses’ activities on Mt. Sinai. There Israel entered into a covenant with God. And there God’s Old Covenant people were given law to govern them – first the moral, and then civil and ceremonial laws. Jesus is presented here as a second and greater Moses. And yes, having called his disciples to follow him, and having appointed the twelve apostles (which is reminiscent of the twelve tribes of Old Covenant Israel), he does present them with kingdom ethics. But it is ridiculous to assume that these ethical teachings of our Lord were intended to replace the moral law of God which was written on Adam’s heart in the beginning, on stone at Sinai, on the hearts of God’s people in regeneration (Jeremiah 31), and by which all men will be judged on the last day, if not in Christ (Romans 1-3). The rest of the Scriptures are very clear that the moral law of God, which is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments, is ever binding. Christ did not relax the moral law in the least – not in his way of life, and not in his teachings. These sermons of Jesus are not opposed to the moral law. They are not meant to replace it but perfectly agree with what the Ten Commandments state. 

*****

The Christian Faith Is A Way Of Life

So what is the Sermon on the Plane? 

Here we find ethical teachings from Jesus for his disciples as it pertains to life in his kingdom. Here Jesus tells his followers how they are to live in this world as members of his New Covenant and citizens of his eternal kingdom. 

Dear friends, please hear me. The Christian faith is a way of life. This is the first principle that I want you to draw from our passage. The Christian faith is a way of life.

Now please do not misunderstand. The Christian faith is not merely a way of life. Before we can live in the way that Christ has called us to live, we must believe the truths that Christ has taught. We must believe the truths contained within Holy Scripture – truths about God, creation, man, sin, and salvation in Jesus Christ. We must believe what the Scriptures teach concerning who Jesus is and what he has done to accomplish our redemption. And we must also turn from our sins to trust in Christ as our Lord and Savior. And so I say, the Christian faith is not merely a way of life. It is a system of doctrine that must be believed. And it begins with heartfelt repentance, personal trust in Jesus, and a confession that he is Lord. But after that, the Christian faith is a way of life. 

Those who follow Jesus – those who believe his words, trust in his work, and say that he is Lord –  are called to walk in his ways. They are to obey God’s moral law, which is summarily comprehended in the Ten Commandments, just as Christ did. Indeed, it is this law – the moral law – that is written anew and afresh on the hearts of God’s people by the Spirit in regeneration. And those who follow after Jesus are to live according to his kingdom ethics as communicated here in the Sermon of the Plane, and in the Gospel According To Matthew, in what is called the Sermon on the Mount. The Christian faith is a way of life.

As a bit of an aside, did you know that the first Christians called themselves followers of “the Way”? This name for the early Christain church is used in Acts 9, 19, and 22. Why would the early Christians refer to themselves as the Way? For one, they believed in Jesus Christ who claimed to be “the way, the truth, and the life” (John 14:6), and “the door” through whom all must enter to be reconciled to God (John 10:7, 9). Jesus is the way, and Christians trust in him. Secondly, Christians do not only trust in Jesus, who is the way, they are also committed to walking in the way (or on the road or path) that Christ has modeled and commanded. Therefore, to be a disciple of Jesus is to be a  follower and learner of the Way. 

The Christian faith is a way of life.     

*****

To Live According To The Way, Christians Must Know They Are Blessed In Christ Jesus

Here is the second principle that I want you to draw from our text: According to Jesus, walking in this Way will require a particular perspective, outlook, mindset, or philosophy. 

And what is that outlook? Well, according to our passage those who follow Jesus are truly blessed. They are truly blessed, even if they are poor, hungry, sorrowful, despised, and rejected in this world. And conversely, those who are rich, full, happy, and highly esteemed now and in this world, are in fact in a miserable condition, if they do not have Jesus as Lord and Savior. It seems backward and upside down, doesnt it? But Jesus is here teaching that those who wish to follow him and walk in his Way must have this mindset.

Notice that in verses 20-23, Jesus declares his disciples to be blessed. Notice what I said. I did not say that Jesus tells his disciples how to be blessed. Rather, he declares that his disciples are blessed. Can you see the difference? It is a matter of fact that those who have faith in Christ are blessed. 

Look at verse 20: “And [Jesus] lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said: ‘Blessed are you who are poor… Blessed are you who are hungry now…  Blessed are you who weep now…  Blessed are you when people hate you and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man!” Here Jesus declares that his followers are blessed.

Listen to what the commentator, J.C. Ryle, says about this. 

“Let us first notice in these verses, who are those whom the Lord pronounces blessed. The list is a remarkable and startling one. It singles out those who are ‘poor,’ and those who ‘hunger,’ – those who ‘weep’ and those who are ‘hated’ by man. These are the persons to whom the great Head of the Chruch says, ‘Blessed are ye!’ We must take good heed that we do not misunderstand our Lord’s meaning, when we read these expressions. We must not for a moment suppose that the mere fact of being poor, and hungry, and sorrowful, and hated by man, will entitle anyone to lay claim to an interest in Christ’s blessing. The poverty spoken of, is a poverty accompanied by grace. The [lack] is a [lack] [prompted] by faithful adherence to Jesus. The afflictions are the afflictions of the gospel. The persecution is persecution for the Son of Man’s sake. Such [lack], and poverty, and affliction, and persecution, were the inevitable consequences of faith in Christ, at the beginning of Christianity. Thousands had to give up everything in this world, because of their religion. It was their case which Jesus had specially in view in this passage. He desires to supply them, and all who suffer like them for the gospel’s sake, with special comfort and consolation. 

Those who follow Jesus are blessed. This is true even if they suffer greatly in this world. And this is especially true if their suffering comes as a result of their leaving everything to follow Jesus. 

The question is, do you believe this? Do you have this perspective, outlook, mindset, or philosophy? Do you agree that the followers of Jesus are blessed – that they have every reason to rejoice and to be happy – even if they suffer many afflictions in this life an account of Jesus, the Son of Man? 

Brothers and sisters, with the passing of time I have grown more and more convinced that if a Christian is to walk faithfully in the Way,  then they must have this mindset. Stated negatively, if a disciple of Jesus lacks this mindset, or if they are uncertain about the fact that followers of Christ are blessed even if they suffer for his namesake now, then they will have a difficult time walking faithfully in the Way. They will definitely have a difficult time walking in the Way happily and with peace and joy in their hearts. 

At this point, we must observe that Jesus did not merely declare his followers to be blessed, he also gave the reasons. So these are not empty words of blessing being uttered by our Lord. Rather, these are true pronouncements based upon facts.   

Let’s read verses 20-23 again and pay special attention to the phrases that begin with the word “for”. The word “for” indicates that the reason for what has just been said is about to be given. “Blessed are you who are poor…” Why? we might ask. “…for yours is the kingdom of God. Blessed are you who are hungry now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh. Blessed are you when people hate you and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man! Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven; for so their fathers did to the prophets” (Luke 6:20–23, ESV).

In this passage, Jesus demands that his disciples adopt this mindset. They are not to root their happiness and joy in the here and now and in their present circumstances. Instead, they are to remember the past, and they are especially to look to the future and root their happiness there. They are to set their hope and happiness on Christ and on the eternal reward that Christ has earned for them. 

First, Jesus urged his disciples to look to the past when he said, “for so their fathers did to the prophets.” We should remember that Jesus and his disciples were being severely criticized by the Pharisees and their scribes – the religious elite of Israel. And so Jesus reminds his disciples that their fathers – the people of Israel who lived under the Old Mosaic Covenant – often treated the prophets like this. The prophets old – the true ones – were often mistreated. They were despised and rejected even by their own people – the people of Israel. For an example of this, you may read of the trials of the prophet Jerimiah, how he was beaten and imprisoned by his own people, in Jerimiah 20 and 37. Jesus reminds his disciples of this history to show them that they are in good company when they are mistreated on account of Christ. And we who live now after the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ may add Christ himself and his apostles to the list. They all suffered. Christ warned his disciples that they would suffer for his name’s sake (see Luke 21:17). It is no wonder, then, that Christ began his ethical teaching by demanding that his disciples adopt this mindset. Without this mindset, they could not endure. So look to the past, brothers and sisters. Rember that Christ, the apostles, and the prophets were all despised and rejected in this world. And yet how do you view them? Do you consider them to be blessed or miserable people? If you have faith, you will say that they were and are the most blessed people! And so Jesus reminded his disciples of the faithful and blessed prophets of old to show us that we are in good company when we suffer for his name’s sake, just as they did. 

In this Sermon on the Plane Christ taught his disciples to not root their happiness in their present circumstances but to remember the past, and he especially directed their attention to the future and to their eternal reward. He reminds us that if we are united to him by faith, then we are truly blessed, for ours is the kingdom of God. Here is a reference to the eternal kingdom of God, the new heavens and earth. He is telling his disciples that this kingdom is theirs through faith in him. Christ came to establish this everlasting kingdom (see Daniel 7:27 and Luke 1:33). Those who have faith in him and follow in his way are brought into that kingdom, even now. And they will be brought safely into that eternal kingdom when Christ returns at the consummation. And there, in eternity,  we shall be satisfied. There, all of our mourning will be turned to laughter and everlasting joy.

Look to the future, brothers and sisters. Look to Christ and to the eternal reward that he has earned for you. Root your happiness in that! The soil of your present circumstance is dry. It cannot nourish you with true happiness. And if it is not dry now, it soon will be. But the soil in Christ’s eternal kingdom, which he has earned through his shed blood, will never dry, for it is watered by “the river of the water of life [which will flow, forever and ever,] from the throne of God and of the Lamb” (Revelation 22:1, ESV). Look to the future, brothers and sisters. Look to Christ and to the eternal reward that he has earned for you. Root your happiness in that!

So, does this mean that Jesus’ disciples will experience nothing but sorrow in this life? Does this mean that all of our comfort and joy will be experienced only in the life to come? Certainly not! Indeed, disciples of Jesus do enjoy many wonderful blessings and comforts in this life. I suspect if we were to pause now and ask everyone to testify concerning the blessings they in enjoy in this world, all of you would give thanks to God for many good things: food, water, clothing, shelter, family, and friends, not to mention a great measure of peace and prosperity. God does often pour out many earthly blessings on his people in addition to the blessings that are ours in Christ Jesus. But here Christ shows that even when his disciples suffer poverty, hunger, and persecution, they are still truly blessed, for their greatest rewards and enjoyments are not here, but are in heaven.  In fact, Christ teaches his disciples that they are to have this perspective and believe these things so strongly that they will be able to rejoice in the day of persecution.  

It’s interesting, this text is filled with adjectives that describe the reality of things. “Blessed are you… Blessed are you… Blessed are you…” These are not imperatives (or commands), as if Christ said, “be blessed”, but adjectives that describe reality. Blessed are my disciples, Jesus says. These adjectives are not to be obeyed but believed. But there is a string of imperatives (or commands) found at the end of this passage in verse 23. “Rejoice in that day…” What day? On the day mentioned in verse 22 when “people hate you and when they exclude you and revile you and spurn your name as evil, on account of the Son of Man!” (Luke 6:22, ESV), “Rejoice in that day”, Christ commands. The word rejoice is in the imperative mood in the Greek. It is a command.  And “leap for joy”, Christ says. This too is a command.  

Can we just pause for a moment and acknowledge the fact that to the non-belive this sounds like the behavior of a crazy person? Why in their right mind would rejoice, and even leap for joy, on the day when they are hated, excluded, reviled, and spurned as evil by others? The reason that this sounds like the behavior of a crazy person to the non-beliver is that the reaction does not seem to fit the reality of the circumstance. 

But as I have said, Christ is calling his disciples to see things differently. He is calling (even commanding them) to take a different perspective. And it is not an imaginary perspective that they are to take. Christ is not commanding his disciples to detach from reality and to live in a fantasy world so that they might respond to persecution with rejoicing. No, he is calling them to see how things really are and to respond thus. 

I said there is a string of commands found in verse 23. The first is the word “rejoice.” The second is the word “leap”. And the third is the most important, for it is the foundation for this behavior. It is the word “behold”. Here Christ commands his disciples to “look and see” that their “reward is great in heaven” (Luke 6:23, ESV). This reality is the reason for our rejoicing, always, and even in the face of persecution. “Rejoice in that day, and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven…” (Luke 6:23, ESV). This is about mindset. Here Christ commands his disciples to have an eternal mindset. They must if they are to walk faithfully with him. They must if they are to have his joy and peace. 

*****

To Live According To The Way, Christians Must Remember That Those Who Do Not Follow Christ Live Under God’s Wrath And Curse 

There is one more point that needs to be drawn out of this passage before we move to some suggestions for application. This point will be brief. To live according to the way of Christ, Christians must see that they are truly and eternally blessed in him, and they must also see that those who do not follow Christ are, in fact, under God’s wrath and curse. 

This perspective is clearly set forth in Luke 6:24-26. Here Jesus pronounces “woes” upon the non-beliving. The first word is a word of contrast. “But woe to you who are rich, for you have received your consolation. Woe to you who are full now, for you shall be hungry. Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep. Woe to you, when all people speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets” (Luke 6:24–26, ESV).

I need not say much about the particulars of this passage, for the meaning should be clear to you as you contrast it with the “blessings” passage we have just considered. In brief, Jesus declares those who do not follow after him, perhaps out of a fear of losing the wealth and status they now enjoy in the world, as being in a state of intense hardship, distress, disaster, and horror (Johannes P. Louw Nida,  242). The Greek word translated as “woe” is very strong. When Jesus used it he was exclaiming that those who do not follow after him are in a very pitiful, hard, and horrifying state of being, even if they be very rich, comfortable, and highly esteemed in this world.  

And just like with the pronouncement of blessings, the pronouncement of woes are rooted in reality. “But woe to you who are rich, for you have received your consolation.” In other words, you have experienced the hight of your comforts. “Woe to you who are full now, for you shall be hungry.” The hunger that Christ speaks of here is an eternal and spiritual hunger. “Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep.” Again I say, this is eternal.  “Woe to you, when all people speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets”. So then, these rich and highly esteemed ones who refuse to align with Christ out of fear of losing their worldly riches and honor, are in bad company, historically speaking. For it was the false prophets that were often honored within Old Covenant Israel. 

Please listen again to J.C. Ryle’s: 

“Here, however, no less than in the preceding verses, we must take care that we do not misapprehend our Lord’s meaning. We are not to suppose that the possession of riches, and a rejoicing spirit, and the good word of man, are necessarily proofs that people are not Christ’s disciples. Abraham and Job were rich. David and St. Paul had their seasons of rejoicing. Timothy was one who had a good report from those that were without. All these, we know, were true servants of God. All these were blessed in this life, and shall receive the blessing of the Lord in the day of his appearing. 

Who are the persons to whom our Lord says, ‘Woe unto you?’ They are the men who refuse to seek treasure in heaven, because they love the good things of this world better, and will not give up their money, if need requires, for Christ’s sake. – They are the men who prefer the joys and so-called happiness of this world, [over] joy and peace in believing, and will not risk the loss of the one in order to gain the other. – They are those who love the praise of man more than the praise of God, and will turn their backs on Christ, rather than not keep in with the world. – These are the kind of men whom our Lord had in view when he pronounces the solemn words, ‘Woe, woe unto you.’ He knew that there were thousands of such persons among the Jews, thousands who, notwithstanding his miracles and sermons, would love the world better than him. He knew well that there would always be thousands of such in his professing church, – thousands who, though convinced of the truth of the gospel, would never give up anything for his sake. – To all such he delivers an awful warning. – ‘Woe, woe, unto you.”

Friends, things are not always as they appear. Though the rich and highly esteemed ones of this earth may appear to be the happiest of all people, in fact, they are in a miserable condition, if not in Christ, for they remain under God’s wrath and curse, and they will have his wrath poured out on them at the final judgment unless they turn from their sins to trust in Christ and follow him. But of course, their perspective would need to change if they are to follow Christ. They would need to come to see Christ and the kingdom of Christ as being far more precious than the pleasures of this world.   

*****

Conclusion

I’ll conclude now by making five brief suggestions for application. 

Firstly, I wish to speak directly to our young people, and to those who are new to the faith. I want to ask you, do you have this perspective that Jesus commands? To you see the world according to the truths that Christ has here revealed. To be very direct, when you think of the rich, powerful, and famous in the world, what do you think? How do you perceive them? Do you think of them as being the most blessed – the most happy and satisfied – people in the world? Or do you think of them as being in a miserable condition, if they are not followers of Jesus? And what do you think when you consider someone who is poor and unpopular, and yet strong in the faith? Do you see them as pitiful? Or do you see them as blessed and happy? I’m pleading with you, young person, to see the world according to the truth of Christ. To be a faithful and happy follower of Jesus requires this perspective.

Secondly, I wish to speak to those who are more advanced in years and mature in Christ. Do not let your guard down, brothers and sisters. Even if you gained this heavenly and eternal perspective in the past, do not think that it won’t be challenged. It may be that you or someone you love comes under affliction in the future and the Evil One will tempt you with evil thoughts to question the goodness of God towards his people. Even the Psalmist Asaph was troubled by thoughts like these. In Psalm 73 he says,  “Truly God is good to Israel, to those who are pure in heart. But as for me, my feet had almost stumbled, my steps had nearly slipped. For I was envious of the arrogant when I saw the prosperity of the wicked…” (Psalm 73:1–3, ESV). And after a long description of the prosperity of the wicked, he says, “But when I thought how to understand this, it seemed to me a wearisome task, until I went into the sanctuary of God; then I discerned their end. Truly you set them in slippery places; you make them fall to ruin. How they are destroyed in a moment, swept away utterly by terrors!” (Psalm 73:16–19, ESV), etc. So here in Psalm 73 we have an example of one who was mature in Christ who was tempted. He almost lost the heavenly and eternal perspective that he once had. And how did he regain it? By coming in the temple of the living and contemplating these truths again in light of God, the final judgment, and eternity. To those who are mature in Christ I say, be sure to maintain the heavenly and eternal perspective that you now have. 

Thirdly, I wish to speak to those who are suffering affliction now to say, if you are in Christ Jesus you are blessed. It is fact. But you do need to perceive it. You are blessed in Christ, for yours is the kingdom of God. You shall be satisfied there. You shall laugh there. Indeed it is true, Your reward is great in heaven. Those who are suffering on account of their devotion to Christ especially need to be reminded of this truth. 

Fourthly, I wish to speak to those who experiencing prosperity and comfort in this life. What should I say to you? Oh yes, the Apostle Paul told me what I am supposed to say to you. He wrote to Pastor Timothy, saying, “As for the rich in this present age, charge them not to be haughty, nor to set their hopes on the uncertainty of riches, but on God, who richly provides us with everything to enjoy. They are to do good, to be rich in good works, to be generous and ready to share, thus storing up treasure for themselves as a good foundation for the future, so that they may take hold of that which is truly life” (1 Timothy 6:17–19, ESV).

Fifthly, and lastly, I wish to speak to those who are listening who have not yet believed upon Christ to follow him in the Way. I pray that you would come to see yourselves as being in a most miserable and woeful situation. Apart from Christ, we remain in our sins and under God’s wrath and curse. Apart from Christ we will be judged on the last day and go to eternal punishment. But in Christ, there is the forgiveness of sins, reconciliation with God, and the sure promise of life everlast in the new heavens and earth which Christ has earned. I plead with you to turn from your sins, to trust in Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and to be baptized in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, confessing that Jesus is your Lord and Savior.

Afternoon Sermon: What Are The Outward And Ordinary Means Of Grace?, Baptist Catechism 93, Acts 2:41–47

Baptist Catechism 93

Q. 93. What are the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?

A. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are His ordinances, especially the Word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation. (Rom. 10:17; James 1:18; 1 Cor. 3:5; Acts 14:1; 2:41,42)

Scripture Reading: Acts 2:41–47

“So those who received his word were baptized, and there were added that day about three thousand souls. And they devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers. And awe came upon every soul, and many wonders and signs were being done through the apostles. And all who believed were together and had all things in common. And they were selling their possessions and belongings and distributing the proceeds to all, as any had need. And day by day, attending the temple together and breaking bread in their homes, they received their food with glad and generous hearts, praising God and having favor with all the people. And the Lord added to their number day by day those who were being saved.” (Acts 2:41–47, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

*****

God ordinarily works through means. That is a very important concept to understand. 

Now, sometimes God works in an immediate way. For example, when God created the heavens and the earth in the very beginning he did not work through means. He simply called the heavenly and earthly realms into existence. But often God works through means, or through conduits. He uses people and things to accomplish his purposes. Take for example the parting of the Red Sea. God could have worked in an immediate way. He could have simply caused the waters to part in front of Israel, but he chose to part the sea through Moses. He revealed his will to Israel through Moses and commanded that Moses lift his staff, and in this way, part the waters. Though God could always work in a direct way and without the involvement of people and things, he often uses means. He parted the sea by means of Moses and his staff. He brought you to faith in Christ by means of the prayers and gospel witness of others. And he is sanctifying you now by means of your life experiences, and your relationships, among other things. God is at work in the world, and he typically works through means.

Here our catechism is not only teaching us that God works through means, but that there are few things that God has determined to use regularly to distribute his saving and sanctifying grace to his people. These we call the ordinary means of grace.

How does God bring his elect to faith in Christ? How does he purify, strengthen, and preserve them? I suppose he could do it in an immediate way. He could speak his gospel directly to sinners from on high. He could purify us in the mind and heart directly by zapping us with spiritual power from on high. But he has determined to work his grace in us through means. And some of these means are called ordinary means because they are the means that God has determined to ordinarily use. They are the Word of God (read and preached), baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and prayer.   

*****

Baptist Catechism 93

Let us now consider the answer to Catechism 93 piece by piece.

First, our catechism clarifies that it is talking about “the outward” means. These are things external to us that God uses to work his grace within us. Does God do a work in us and our hearts when he regenerates us and sanctifies us further? Yes! He does this inward work immediately by the power of the Holy Spirit. But the Spirit of God does also use these things (which are outside of us) to work within us, on our minds, and in our hearts. So, we are talking about these outward means here. 

Secondly, our catechism clarifies that it is talking about the “the ordinary” means. Does the Lord sometimes use things other than the Word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper, and prayer to work within his people? Of course. Often the Lord will use life circumstances — even trials and tribulations — to purify and strengthen his people. But these circumstances will be unique to each one of us, according to the will of God. We are not called to chase after these sanctifying circumstances, therefore. We are not called to chase after trials and tribulations so that we might be sanctified by them. God may use those things to refine us, but they are not the ordinary means that God has set apart for his people, so we need not pursue them. 

Thirdly, our catechism is specifically speaking of those means whereby Christ “communicateth to us the benefits of redemption”. Here “communicate” does not refer to the dissemination of information, but distribution. So the question is this: Christ has earned our redemption, but how do we come to have the benefits of it as our own? Or more to the point, what are the things that God has determined to regularly use to distribute his gift of salvation and sanctification to us?    

Fourthly, the question is answered in a very succinct way with these words: “The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are His ordinances…” “Ordinances” are those things that Christ has ordered, or commanded, us to use.

Think of it. God has his elect in the world. Each and every one of them will be saved, for this is the will of God. But how will these elect come to be saved? Well, what has Christ commanded, or ordered? He has ordered us to preach the gospel. God works through means, remember? Gospel proclamation is the means that God will use to bring his elect to salvation. How do we know? Again I say, Christ has ordered it. And think also of this: God has promised to give us our daily bread. But how do we come to have it? Through prayer, for Christ has ordered us to pray.  

Fifthly, our catechism highlights four things in particular when it says, “especially the Word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper and prayer…” So these are the outward and ordinary things that God uses to distribute the benefits of the redemption that Christ has earned to his elect. 

As has already been said, the elect are brought to faith through the preaching of the Word of God. And the elect are further strengthened and preserved in the faith through the word of God. This is why Paul says, “So faith comes from hearing, and hearing through the word of Christ” (Romans 10:17, ESV). Do you wish to see your loved ones come to salvation? Then one thing you must do is share the word of God with them,  for God brings sinners to salvation through his word. And do you wish to grow in the grace of God? Then you had better be reading and hearing God’s word, for it is one of the outward and ordinary means that God has determined to use to grow his people up in the faith. 

Next, baptism is mentioned. We will learn more about baptism in questions 97-101. For now, I will say, baptism is not something that we are to partake of over and over again. No, we are to be baptized in water in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit at the beginning of the Christain life, after faith and repentance. But God does use baptism to distribute the benefits of the redemption that Christ has earned to his elect. The elect are baptized into Christ. They are baptized by the church and into the fellowship of the church. The Spirit of God works mightily in his people through the waters of baptism. Does baptism save us? Does the water wash away sin? No! It is the thing that baptism signifies that saves us, namely, faith in and union with Christ Jesus. But God does strengthen his people through baptism, for it is a means of grace. 

Next, the Lord’s Supper is mentioned. We will learn more about the Lord’s Supper in questions 102-104 of our catechism. For now, let us confess that the Lord’s Supper is not only a memorial. It is not only a time for the church to remember what Christ has accomplished (though it is certainly not less than that). No, the Lord’s Supper is a means of grace. God works powerfully through the Lord’s Supper both to strengthen his church and to purify her.  

Lastly, prayer is mentioned. We will learn more about prayer in questions 105-114 of our catechism. For now, know that God works through prayer, brothers and sisters. You’ve heard it said that prayer changes things, and it does! It does not change the eternal decree of God. But God does work through the prayers of people to accomplish his decree. More than anything, prayer changes us. Prayer is an outward and ordinary means of grace, and so we are to be diligent in it. We are to pray without ceasing. 

The sixth and last phrase of the catechism is, “all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation.” So who does the word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper are prayer benefit? They benefit the elect of God. And who is it that makes these things effectual, or effective? We know that it is the Spirit of God who makes these ordinary means of grace effective.

*****

Conclusion

Please allow me to make two observations by way of conclusion. 

One, our catechism will clarify in the following questions that these ordinary means of grace do not work in an automatic way. No, they are only effective when they are received by faith, and we know that faith is the gift of God.

Please listen to questions 94, 96, and 105 . They ask, “How is the Word made effectual to salvation?” “How do Baptism and the Lord’s Supper become effectual means of salvation?” And “what is prayer?” I do not want to get ahead of myself, but I think it is important to recognize that the answer to these questions emphasizes the necessity of faith

Q94: How is the Word made effectual to salvation?

A. The Spirit of God maketh the reading, but especially the preaching of the Word an effectual means of convincing and converting sinners, and of building them up in holiness and comfort, through faith unto salvation. 

Q. 96. How do Baptism and the Lord’s Supper become effectual means of salvation?

A. Baptism and the Lord’s Supper become effectual means of salvation, not from any virtue in them or in him that doth administer them, but only by the blessing of Christ and the working of the Spirit in those that by faith receive them.

Q. 105. What is Prayer?

A. Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God, by the assistance of the Holy Spirit, for things agreeable to His will, in the name of Christ, believing, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of His mercies

So then, these means of grace do not work in an automatic way. In other words, you do not receive the grace of God — you do not receive the benefits of the redemption purchased by Christ — if you hear God’s word, partake of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, or pray, without faith in Christ in your heart. It is by faith that we are saved. And it is by faith that we walk and are sanctified. And if we are to be strengthened by these ordinary means of grace, we must partake of them with faith in Christ in our hearts. 

Two, by identifying these things as outward and ordinary means of grace, our catechism is urging us to use them. You know, it never ceases to amaze me to see professing Christians look to other things besides these things for growth in Christ. They will look to this program and to that discipline, and to this method to find spiritual nourishment while neglecting the ordinary things that God has ordained. 

The first Christians, after being baptized, “devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers.” The rest of scripture confirms that these are the ordinary things that we are to make use of for growth in Christ Jesus.  

And so I ask you, What are the outward means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption?

A. The outward and ordinary means whereby Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption are His ordinances, especially the Word, baptism, the Lord’s Supper and prayer; all which are made effectual to the elect for salvation. (Rom. 10:17; James 1:18; 1 Cor. 3:5; Acts 14:1; 2:41,42)


"Him we proclaim,
warning everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom,
that we may present everyone mature in Christ."
(Colossians 1:28, ESV)

©2025 Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church