Author Archive

Afternoon Sermon: How May We Know There Is A God?, Baptist Catechism 3, Psalm 19

Baptist Catechism 3

Q. 3. How may we know there is a God?

A. The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectually for the salvation of sinners.  (Rom. 1:18-20; Psalm 19:1,2; 2 Tim. 3:15; 1 Cor. 1:21-24; 1 Cor. 2:9,10)

Scripture Reading: Psalm 19

“TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A PSALM OF DAVID. The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words, whose voice is not heard. Their voice goes out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them he has set a tent for the sun, which comes out like a bridegroom leaving his chamber, and, like a strong man, runs its course with joy. Its rising is from the end of the heavens, and its circuit to the end of them, and there is nothing hidden from its heat. The law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple; the precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes; the fear of the LORD is clean, enduring forever; the rules of the LORD are true, and righteous altogether. More to be desired are they than gold, even much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and drippings of the honeycomb. Moreover, by them is your servant warned; in keeping them there is great reward. Who can discern his errors? Declare me innocent from hidden faults. Keep back your servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me! Then I shall be blameless, and innocent of great transgression. Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in your sight, O LORD, my rock and my redeemer.” (Psalm 19, ESV)

*****

Introduction

The first three questions of the catechism are very foundational.

If you remember, question one asked “Who is the first and chiefest being?” Answer: “God is the first and chiefest being.” Truly, there is no question more foundational than this. Here we confess that there is a being who is above all other beings and is the source of all other beings, both in nature and in grace. 

Question two then asked, “Ought every one to believe there is a God?” Answer: “Everyone ought to believe there is a God, and it is their great sin and folly who do not.” Soon we will learn that belief in the existence of God is not the only important thing for us to believe. No, we must believe the right things about God, ourselves, and the Savior that God has provided for us now that we are fallen into sin. But belief in the existence of God is most foundational. It is impossible to please God if we do not first believe that he exists. And to deny his existence, either in the mind and heart or in practice, is the root of all foolishness. 

Question three is also very foundational. It addresses, in brief, the question, how may we know? Have you ever thought about the question, how may we know? Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with questions about knowledge. How can we know things? is a most fundamental question. In particular, our catechism is asking, “how may we know there is a God?” The answer that is given is brief but very profound. “The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectually for the salvation of sinners.“

*****

Revelation

If I had to choose one word to sum up what is said in response to the question, “how may we know there is a God?”, it would be the word “revelation”. We may know that there is a God (along with many other true things about God, ourselves, and this world that he has made) because of revelation. We may know true things because God has  revealed the truth to us. 

And how has God revealed the truth of his existence to us? Two things are mentioned in this short little answer. One, God reveals the truth of his existence to us through the light of nature that is in man. Two, God reveals the truth of his existence to us through his works. And then we find this little word of clarification: “but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectually for the salvation of sinners.”   

*****

The Light Of Nature In Man

When our catechism speaks of the “light of nature in man” it refers to the fact that God has made man in such a way that man knows there is God who is to be worshiped. Have you noticed that all men have this impulse to worship? It has been this way throughout the history of the world. Men and women everywhere feel compelled to honor a god. They pray, they observe holy days, they seek to order their lives in a way that honors their god. Humans have been made in such a way that they know inwardly that God exists. 

You say, well what about the atheists? Two things: One, it is my observation that there are very few true and consistent atheists in the world. In my experience, you will often find even those who claim to be atheists praying to a god in times of trouble. Two, those who are true and consistent atheists must work very hard to suppress the truth about the existence of God that is in them. This is what is described in Romans 1 where Paul writes, “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.” (Romans 1:18–20, ESV). If someone is an atheist, either intellectually or practically, they must “suppress the truth” regarding the existence of God continuously. 

So what is it about the makeup of man that testifies to the existence of God? Well, we know that men and women are made in the image of God. God created man in such a way that men and women may relate to God. Man is able to reason. We have a conscience. We know right from wrong intuitively. All of this has been distorted by the fall, of course. And as I have said, men do suppress this truth that is within them. But there it remains nonetheless.

So God reveals the truth regarding his existence in man. 

*****

The Works Of God

Secondly, the truth regarding the existence of God is also revealed in the works of God. Hear or catechism again: “The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God.” So then, man inwardly knows that God exists. And he also knows that God exists as he observes the works of God in creation, providence, and for some, in redemption.

God reveals himself in his work of creation. Psalm 19 says, “The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours out speech, and night to night reveals knowledge.” (Psalm 19:1–2, ESV)

God also reveals himself in his works of providence. When we speak of God’s providence we are referring to his governing and upholding of the world that he has made. God created the heavens and the earth, and he does also maintain them. 

My son was telling me about a childhood friend of his who said, I don’t believe in God. I believe in science. That sounds so silly to me. What is science except for the observation of the natural world? And if men would be honest about their observations I think they would confess that the created world screams that God exists. There is so much evidence for design. Where did this universe come from? How is it so orderly? How is it sustained? So much can be said about this, but I think you get the point. God’s works of creation and providence testify to his existence. 

So too his work of redemption. All men may observe God’s works of creation and providence. Not all have observed God’s redemptive works. In fact, very few have. Think of the Exodus. Many Hebrews and Egyptians saw God’s mighty deeds. But their number was very few in comparison to the whole of the human race. Think also of the life of Christ, his death, and resurrection. Those who beheld his glory were relatively few. Nevertheless, God’s works of redemption do also testify to his existence. 

But notice the limitations of these forms of revelation. What do they reveal? They reveal that God exists. Again, “The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God”. This is why God’s works of creation and providence are called general revelation. They come to all men generally, and they reveal something general, namely that God exists, he is powerful and worthy of praise. But that is as far as we can go.

*****

Word And Spirit

Lastly, our catechism tells us where full and saving knowledge of God may be found: ‘but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectually for the salvation of sinners.”

How may we come to know God truly and unto the salvation of our souls?

One, we must listen to God’s Word. God has not only revealed himself in nature, he has also spoken. Hebrews 1:1 says, “Long ago, at many times and in many ways, God spoke to our fathers by the prophets, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, through whom also he created the world” (Hebrews 1:1–2, ESV). So then, God has spoken through the prophets. He has spoken supremely through his Son. And we have a record of these words in the Holy Scriptures, which are the written, inspired, and inerrant, Word of God. It is here in the Scriptures that the gospel of Jesus Christ is found. And it is through this gospel that salvation is found. 

Two, now that  we are fallen in sin, dead, blind, and deaf, spiritually speaking, the Spirit of God must make us alive, open our blind eyes, and unstop our deaf ears, spiritually speaking, to enable us to place our faith in Jesus Christ as he is offered to us in the word of the gospel. Question 34 of our catechism will teach us more about the work of the Spirit in bringing us to faith in Christ. It asks, “What is effectual calling?” It answers, “Effectual calling is the work of God’s Spirit, whereby, convincing us of our sin and misery, enlightening our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renewing our wills, He doth persuade and enable us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the Gospel.”

*****

Conclusion

I hope you can see that the question, how may we know?, is truly foundational to all of life’s questions. And it is clearly foundational to a document that’s purpose is to teach us what to believe about God, man, and what it is that God requires of us. Q. 3. How may we know there is a God? A. The light of nature in man and the works of God plainly declare that there is a God; but His Word and Spirit only do it fully and effectually for the salvation of sinners.  (Rom. 1:18-20; Psalm 19:1,2; 2 Tim. 3:15; 1 Cor. 1:21-24; 1 Cor. 2:9,10)

Discussion Questions: Baptist Catechism 3

  • Why is Baptist Catechism 3 such an important foundational question?
  • What is meant by “light of nature”?
  • What is meant by “the works of God”?
  • To know God truly and savingly we must hear his word. Why?
  • To know God truly and savingly God’s Spirit must work upon our hearts. Why?

Discussion Questions: Luke 9:12-17

  • Look at Isaiah 9. How was this a message of hope for Israel? What did this prophesy reveal about the coming Messiah? How did the birth of Christ and the early ministry of Christ fulfill this prophecy over 700 years after Isaiah gave it? 
  • How does Luke’s Gospel show us that Jesus is the Messiah whose name is “Mighty God” in fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah 9?
  • What two stories from the Old Testament should the miraculous feeding of the 5,000 remind us of? What are the similarities between the stories? How does Luke 9 show us that Jesus is greater than Moses and Elisha?
  • How should this passage affect our faith and increase our love for our Savior, Jesus Christ?

Sermon: Jesus: One Greater Than Moses And The Prophets, Luke 9:12-17

Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 9:1-7

“But there will be no gloom for her who was in anguish. In the former time he brought into contempt the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the latter time he has made glorious the way of the sea, the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations. The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone. You have multiplied the nation; you have increased its joy; they rejoice before you as with joy at the harvest, as they are glad when they divide the spoil. For the yoke of his burden, and the staff for his shoulder, the rod of his oppressor, you have broken as on the day of Midian. For every boot of the tramping warrior in battle tumult and every garment rolled in blood will be burned as fuel for the fire. For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.” (Isaiah 9:1–7, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 9:12-17

“Now the day began to wear away, and the twelve came and said to him, ‘Send the crowd away to go into the surrounding villages and countryside to find lodging and get provisions, for we are here in a desolate place.’ But he said to them, ‘You give them something to eat.’ They said, ‘We have no more than five loaves and two fish—unless we are to go and buy food for all these people.’ For there were about five thousand men. And he said to his disciples, ‘Have them sit down in groups of about fifty each.’ And they did so, and had them all sit down. And taking the five loaves and the two fish, he looked up to heaven and said a blessing over them. Then he broke the loaves and gave them to the disciples to set before the crowd. And they all ate and were satisfied. And what was left over was picked up, twelve baskets of broken pieces.” (Luke 9:12–17, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

The story we encounter here in Luke 9:12-17 is very famous. All four Gospels – Matthew (14:13-21), Mark (6:32-44), Luke, and John (6:1-15) – report that Jesus miraculously fed a multitude of 5,000 people with only five loaves of bread and two fish. Matthew and Mark also report that Jesus did the same thing with a multitude of 4,000 people on another occasion (Matthew 15:32-39; Mark 8:1-10). The question we must ask is, what is the meaning of this miracle? 

No doubt, Christ did something very kind for these hungry people when he fed them. No doubt, he was moved by compassion to feed this multitude. Matthew and Mark say, “he had compassion on them” (Matthew 14:14; Mark 6:34). And Luke indicates this too when he says in 9:11, “When the crowds learned it, they followed [Jesus], and he welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God and cured those who had need of healing.” He welcomed this multitude as one welcomes guests into their home. He cared for them. He provided for their needs. So, this great act of feeding 5,000 people with only five loaves and two fish was not less than an act of kindness and compassion, but it was certainly more than this. Have we not learned in our study of Luke’s Gospel to see the miracles Christ performed as signs? Have we not also learned that signs are always filled with significance or meaning? Furthermore, we should not forget the question that keeps popping up in Luke’s Gospel. It is the one that Herod asked as recorded in Luke 9:9 – “Who is this [Jesus] about whom I hear such things?” So what is the meaning of this miracle that Christ performed? I think it is safe to say that it has something to do with the question Herod asked: “Who is this [Jesus] about whom I hear such things? The story of the miracle of the feeding of the 5,000 functions as an answer to Herod’s question.  

Who is this Jesus? I have three observations to present to you. 

*****

Jesus Is The Eternal Son Of God Incarnate

Firstly, the miracle of feeding 5,000 people with only five loaves of bread and two fish signifies that Jesus was no ordinary man, but is God Almighty, the eternal Son of God incarnate. 

Just a moment ago I read Isaiah 9:1-7. I’d like to say a few words about that text. I think it will help us to better understand and appreciate what is going on in Luke’s Gospel. Isaiah 9:1-7 is a wonderful prophecy written over 700 years before Jesus was born. This prophesy was delivered by God through the prophet Isaiah to the people of Isreal as a message of hope. If you were to read through the book of Isaiah you would see that God delivered a lot of bad news to the people of Israel and the surrounding nations through this prophet. Many of Isaiah’s prophesies have to do with judgment. In fact, in Isaiah 8 we find a prophecy concerning the judgment that would soon come upon Israel in those days. The judgment of God would be poured out on rebellious Israel through the Assyrian Empire. The Assyrians would soon invade Israel from the north. They would pass through the region of Galilee and come down to the south, even to Jerusalem, and they would conquer. Isaiah delivered this bad news of God’s judgment to Israel as is recorded in Isaiah chapter 8. But in Isaiah 9:1-7 we find a message of comfort and hope. It is a prophecy about what would happen in the latter days. It is a prophecy about the coming Messiah and the Messiah’s everlasting and unshakable kingdom. 

Listen again to Isaiah 9:1. “But there will be no gloom for her who was in anguish. In the former time [God] brought into contempt the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the latter time [God] has made glorious the way of the sea, the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations.” (Isaiah 9:1, ESV). Note this, brothers and sisters: this is the same region where Jesus Christ was born. This was the region where Jesus primarily ministered. This was the region where he cast out demons, healed the sick, and fed a great multitude with only five fish and two loaves of bread. This is region – it was in the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali (two of the twelve tribes of Isarel) – where Jesus Christ proclaimed the good news of the kingdom of God. All of this was in fulfillment of the prophesy of Isaiah 9. Here it again: “But in the latter time [God] has made glorious the way of the sea, the land beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations.” Verse 2 of Isaiah 9 says, “The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light; those who dwelt in a land of deep darkness, on them has light shone” (Isaiah 9:2, ESV). Truly, the darkness of the judgment of God did come upon these people and this region, but in the fullness of time, the light of Christ did shine upon them. Isaiah the prophet spoke of Christ when he said in 9:6, “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and of peace there will be no end, on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.” (Isaiah 9:6–7, ESV)

Now, I must be careful. This is a sermon on Luke 9, not Isaiah 9. But the prophecy of Isaiah 9 serves as a very important backdrop to the story we find here in Luke 9. In fact, it serves as an important backdrop to everything that Luke tells us about the ministry of Jesus Christ in the region of Galilee, for Jesus Christ was the light that shone in the darkness of this region, in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy. 

Notice that Isaiah said the light would be a child – “for to us a child is born.” The light would be a son –  “to us a son is given.“ The light would be a king – the government would be upon his shoulder and “of the increase of his government and of peace there [would] be no end…” He would sit “on the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from this time forth and forevermore.” Perhaps the most incredible portion of Isaiah’s prophesy is the names that are given to this King of light: “his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” (Isaiah 9:6, ESV). Of these names, it was the name “Mighty God” that was most mysterious (see Isaiah 10:21). Those who read Isaiah’s prophesy in the 700 years after it was given and before the birth of the Christ must have wondered about the meaning of this. What could it possibly mean that this child to be born, this son to be given, would have the name, “Mighty God”, for there is only one God, and we know that he is not a man!

Well, the meaning of this mysterious prophesy became clear once the Christ was born and especially after he lived, died, and rose again. Now we can see clearly that Christ is the eternal Son of God come in the flesh. In Christ, the person of the eternal Son of God, the second person of the Triune God, the eternal Word of God (however you wish to say it), assumed a human nature. The Messiah is truly human, you see. To use the language of Isaiah 9, to us a child was truly born. Unto a son was given. He is the true son of Mary. This Jesus has a true human body with all its typical parts and a true human soul with all its faculties – mind, will, and affections. But the person of Christ – the person who acts through the human body and soul of Christ – is the person of the eternal Son of God.  

Do not forget the question: who is this Jesus? Herod was perplexed. The people had lots of opinions. But what is the answer that Luke gives? Luke wants us to know that Jesus is the promised Messiah, and, as the promised Messiah, he is no ordinary man, but is the person of the eternal Son of God incarnate.  Who is this Jesus? He is God. 

Luke has taught this throughout his Gospel. 

Firstly, in the birth narrative, he reports that Jesus was born to a virgin. The human nature of Jesus was brought into existence, not in the usual way, but as the power of the Most High overshadowed Mary. And the angel Gabriel explained, “therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God” (Luke 1:35, ESV). 

Secondly, we should not forget the testimony of God himself concerning the identity of Jesus as he spoke from heaven at the time of Jesus’ baptism. “[T]he Holy Spirit descended on [Jesus] in bodily form, like a dove; and a voice came from heaven, ‘You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased’” (Luke 3:22, ESV).

Thirdly, that Jesus is the Son of God incarnate was demonstrated throughout his earthly ministry through his words and the mighty deeds he performed. He forgave sins. The scribes and Pharisees were right to ask, “Who can forgive sins but God alone?” (Luke 5:21, ESV). But most of them were wrong in the conclusions they reached. They considered him to be a man who blasphemed rather than God, who justly forgives sins. When Christ healed by his own authority he showed himself to be no mere man, but God. When he cast out demons by his own authority, he showed himself to be God. In fact, we should remember what the demons of Luke 4:41 said concerning him. They cried out, saying, “You are the Son of God!” When Christ spoke to the wind and the waves by his own authority to calm them, he showed himself to be God. And when Christ fed the 5,000 with only five loaves of bread and two fish by his own authority, it was a demonstration of his divinity. To feed this many people with so little food required that something be created out of nothing. Only God can do this. In the beginning, he brought the heavens and earth into existence out of nothing by the Word of his power. Christ is the Word. Christ 

Who is Jesus? He is no ordinary man. He is the God-man. He is the person of the eternal Word or Son of God incarnate. 

*****

Jesus Is Like Moses And The Prophets But Greater

Secondly, the miracle of feeding 5,000 people with only five loaves of bread and two fish signifies that Jesus was in some ways like Moses and the prophets of Old only much greater. 

As we consider this story about the feeding of a great multitude with a little bit of bread and fish it should remind us of two stories from the Old Testament. The first is better known than the second. 

Firstly, this story echoes the story about God’s provision of manna and quail in the wilderness for Old Covenant Israel. Do you remember that story? It is found in the book Exodus chapter 16. Israel was in the wilderness – we might say, in a desolate place – and they were hungry. Exodus 16:2 says. “And the whole congregation of the people of Israel grumbled against Moses and Aaron in the wilderness, and the people of Israel said to them, ‘Would that we had died by the hand of the LORD in the land of Egypt, when we sat by the meat pots and ate bread to the full, for you have brought us out into this wilderness to kill this whole assembly with hunger’” (Exodus 16:2–3, ESV). And so the Lord provided them with bread from heaven. They called it manna. And not only did the Lord provide them with bread to eat, but also meat. Exodus 16:13 says, “In the evening quail came up and covered the camp, and in the morning dew lay around the camp. And when the dew had gone up, there was on the face of the wilderness a fine, flake-like thing, fine as frost on the ground. When the people of Israel saw it, they said to one another, ‘What is it?’ For they did not know what it was. And Moses said to them, ‘It is the bread that the LORD has given you to eat’” (Exodus 16:13–15, ESV).

When Christ fed the multitude in the wilderness it was to remind us of Moses and Israel and of God’s provision of bread and meat for them there in that desolate place. 

Christ is like Moses in many ways. Like Moses, Christ is God’s Prophet. Like Moses, Christ is the Savior of God’s people. And like Moses, Christ is the mediator of the Covenant that God made with his people, Israel. But Christ is greater than Moses. Moses was a prophet of God, but Christ is the Prophet of whom Moses spoke when he said, in Deuteronomy 18:15, “The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your brothers—it is to him you shall listen…” (Deuteronomy 18:15, ESV). Furthermore, Moses was a great savior. God delivered Isarel from bondage to Egypt through him. But Christ is greater. He delivers the true Isarel of God from bondage to sin, the kingdom of Satan, and the curse of death. And lastly, Moses was the great mediator of the Old Covenant. But Christ is the mediator of the New Covenant, which is far superior. As the writter of Hebrews says, “Christ has obtained a ministry that is as much more excellent than the old as the covenant he mediates is better, since it is enacted on better promises” (Hebrews 8:6, ESV).

Clearly, when Jesus fed the multitude with only five loaves and two fish it was to remind us of the story of Moses and Israel and of the provission of manna and quail in the wilderness. Christ is a second Moses. But the story also shows that Christ is superior to Moses, for it was not Moses who fed Israel, but God working through him. This is what Jesus says as recorded in John’s Gospel. “Jesus then said to them, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven’” (John 6:32, ESV). When Christ fed the multitude in the wilderness, it was he who did it by his own authority. And he fed the multitude through his Apostles. So it is the Apostles who are on par with Moses as servants – Christ is superior. Stated differently, under the Old Covenant order, God the Son fed Israel with manna and qail from heaven through his servant Moses. Under the New Covenant order, God the Son incarnate fed Isarel bread and fish through his servants, the Apostles. Christ is like Moses, but far superior. Christ is the Son, Moses, and the Apostles are servants (see Hebrews 3:5-6).

Who is Jesus? He is no ordeinary man. He is the eternal Son of God incarnate. Furthermore, he is like Moses the mediator of the Old Covenant, only greater. 

The second, and lesser-known, Old Testament story to remember when considering the story of Jesus feeding of the 5,000 in the wilderness, is the story of the feeding of many prophets in the days of  Elisha with little food. This story is found in 2 Kings 4:42-44. Listen to it now. There was a famine in the land. Food was scarce. And a “man came from Baal-shalishah, bringing the man of God bread of the firstfruits, twenty loaves of barley and fresh ears of grain in his sack. And Elisha said, ‘Give to the men, that they may eat.’ But his servant said, ‘How can I set this before a hundred men?’ So he repeated, ‘Give them to the men, that they may eat, for thus says the LORD, ‘They shall eat and have some left.’’ So he set it before them. And they ate and had some left, according to the word of the LORD” (2 Kings 4:42–44, ESV).

The story that we find in Luke 9 is similar. I little bit of food is multiplied greatly so that many eat and are satisfied. Notice that in all three stories – the story about manna and quail in Exodus, this one here in 2 Kings 4, and in Luke 9 – the people eat and there are leftovers. What differs, though? Most importantly, in the case of Moses and Elisha, the LORD worked these miracles through them. In the case of Jesus, he worked the miracle by his own authority, for Christ is the LORD. Christ was the LORD who multiplied the bread and corn in the days of Elisha, and Christ is the LORD who multiplied the bread and the fish for this multitude in a desolate place. 

That we are to compare and contrast Jesus Christ with Moses and the prophets of Old is supported by the context here in Luke. Who did the people say Jesus was? Look back to Luke 9:6. “Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, and he was perplexed, because it was said by some that John had been raised from the dead, by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen” (Luke 9:7–8, ESV). Now look forward to Luke 9:18: “Now it happened that as he was praying alone, the disciples were with him. And he asked them, ‘Who do the crowds say that I am?’ And they answered, ‘John the Baptist. But others say, Elijah, and others, that one of the prophets of old has risen.’ Then he said to them, ‘But who do you say that I am?’ And Peter answered, ‘The Christ of God’” (Luke 9:18–20, ESV). And look forward again to Luke 9:28: “Now about eight days after these sayings he took with him Peter and John and James and went up on the mountain to pray. And as he was praying, the appearance of his face was altered, and his clothing became dazzling white. And behold, two men were talking with him, Moses and Elijah, who appeared in glory and spoke of his departure, which he was about to accomplish at Jerusalem” (Luke 9:28–31, ESV). 

This section of Luke’s Gospel is all about the question, who is Jesus? And the answer that is consistently given is that he is the Messiah, the eternal Son of God incarnate, one who is like Moses and the prophets of Old, but far greater, for he is the Savior that was promised, the only mediator between God and man, the mediator of a covenant much better than the Old, for it is a covenant enacted on better promises.

*****

Jesus Is The King Of God’s Eternal Kingdom

The third and final observation I have for you is this: the miracle of feeding 5,000 people with only five loaves of bread and two fish signifies that Jesus is the King of God’s Eternal Kingdom, the Commander of God’s army. 

Notice that Christ performed this miracle while speaking to the multitudes about the kingdom of God. That is what Luke 9:11 says. “When the crowds learned it, they followed [Jesus], and he welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God and cured those who had need of healing” (Luke 9:11, ESV). So Christ is King of God’s kingdom. 

As King, he calls his people to himself by his word.  As King, he orders and commands his people. Christ commanded that the people be grouped into 50’s as if companies within his army and under his command. As King, Christ provides for the needs of his people. Physically, he fed them with bread and fish. They had no lack. They ate until they were satisfied, and there were twelve large baskets left over. Spiritually, Christ gives himself for his people. The bread is his body. His body was broken for us, his blood shed for us, for the forgiveness of sins. 

It is worth noting that John in his Gospel records the teaching that Jesus delivered on the day following this event. He spoke to the crowds saying, “‘Truly, truly, I say to you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but my Father gives you the true bread from heaven. For the bread of God is he who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.’ They said to him, ‘Sir, give us this bread always.’ Jesus said to them, ‘I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me shall not hunger, and whoever believes in me shall never thirst. But I said to you that you have seen me and yet do not believe. All that the Father gives me will come to me, and whoever comes to me I will never cast out” (John 6:32–37, ESV). So the giving of the bread in the wilderness did signify Christ giving his life for those given to him by the Father. 

Notice how the bread, which signified Christ’s broken body, was distributed to this multitude. It was distributed, not by Christ himself, but through his Apostles to the 100 groups of 50. This signifies how Christ would administrate his kingdom in the future. Christ’s kingdom would be furthered and his people fed through the ministry of his Apostles, and after them, through ministers of the word – pastors and teachers. Ministers of the word, if they are to be faithful ministers, must give the people Christ. They must preach the gospel of Jesus Christ. They must faithfully administer the Lord’s Supper wherein Christ is offered to God’s people in a sacramental way. When Christ fed the multitude in the wilderness through his Apostles it was a foreshadowing of what was to come. Soon, the Apostles would offer Christ to the world through their preaching. 

*****

Conclusion

Brothers and sisters, what a Savior we have. Who is Jesus? Jesus is greater than Moses and the prophets. Jesus is God. It was the person of the eternal Son, the second person of the Triune God, who was born into this world through the human nature he assumed. It was the person of the eternal Son of God who lived for us, kept God’s law for us, served us, and suffered for us and in our place. It was the person of the eternal Son of God who bled for us, died, and rose again for us through the human nature he assumed. This he did to save us and to bring us to the Father in glory. What a Savior we have. Do you know him? Do you trust him? Do you worship and serve him? I pray it so.        

Discussion Questions: Luke 9:7-11

  1. Why was Herod perplexed about Jesus?
  2. Herod wondered who Jesus was. What were people saying about that?
  3. In Luke 9:10-11 we learn that Jesus went to Bethsaida, preached the kingdom of God, and healed. What is the gospel of the kingdom of God? Answer that question starting from the story of Genesis 1-3.
  4. How do the kings of this world behave? How do their kingdoms advance? What becomes of these kings and their kingdoms?
  5. How is Christ and his kingdom different from all others?
  6. Why does this matter?

Discussion Questions: Baptist Catechism 1 & 2

  • Why does our catechism start with such basic questions about God?
  • What does it mean that God is the first of beings?
  • What does it mean that God is the chiefest of beings?
  • Believing this sets a person on a very good path. Not believing this sets a person on a very bad path. Discuss.
  • Why is it a sin to deny God’s existence?
  • Why is it folly to deny God’s existence?

Afternoon Sermon: Who Is The First And Chiefest Being, And Ought Everyone Believe He Exists?, Baptist Catechism 1 & 2,  Isaiah 44:6–8

Baptist Catechism 1 & 2

Q. 1. Who is the first and chiefest being?

A. God is the first and chiefest being. (Isaiah 44:6; Psalm 8:1; 97:9)

Q. 2. Ought everyone to believe there is a God?

A. Everyone ought to believe there is a God; and it is their great sin and folly who do not. (Hebrews 11:6, Psalm 14:1)

Scripture Reading: Isaiah 44:6–8

“Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts: ‘I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god. Who is like me? Let him proclaim it. Let him declare and set it before me, since I appointed an ancient people. Let them declare what is to come, and what will happen. Fear not, nor be afraid; have I not told you from of old and declared it? And you are my witnesses! Is there a God besides me? There is no Rock; I know not any.’” (Isaiah 44:6–8, ESV)

*****

Introduction

You notice that we have now come full circle back to the beginning of our catechism. Our catechism provides us with a faithful summary of the core tenets of the Christian faith as they are found in the pages of Holy Scripture. It should be no surprise to find that our catechism begins with the most foundational tenets of the Christian faith.  When learning to read one must start with the A-B-C’s. When learning math one must learn how to count and how to add. And when learning the great doctrines of the Christian faith one must begin with the most foundational principles of religion. And that is where our catechism begins – questions 1 through 6 deal with the first principles of the Christian religion. 

*****

Who Is The First And Chiefest Being?

(This manuscript draws heavily on Benjamin Beddome’s, A Scriptural Exposition Of The Baptist Catechism) 

Question 1 asks, who is the first and chiefest being? The answer is brief: God is the first and chiefest being. 

This is a great place to start when talking about theology. All good theology starts with God.

When we say that God is the first being, what do we mean? Many things!

God is the first of all beings because he was before all others. “Thus says the Lord, the King of Israel and his Redeemer, the Lord of hosts: “I am the first and I am the last; besides me there is no god.” (Isaiah 44:6, ESV)

God is also the first cause of all other beings. All other beings were brought into existence by him and for him. “Yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things and for whom we exist, and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things and through whom we exist.” (1 Corinthians 8:6, ESV)

God is the first in providence. By this we mean, he is the one who upholds the world. “In him we live and move and have our being… For we are indeed his offspring.” (Acts 17:28, ESV)

God is first in the world of grace. He is the source of every blessing that is ours in Christ Jesus. “All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself…” (2 Corinthians 5:18, ESV)

God is the first to love. “We love because he first loved us.” (1 John 4:19, ESV)

God is the first to give. “Or who has given a gift to him that he might be repaid?” (Romans 11:35, ESV)

So this little statement that God is the first being is very profound. When we think of the world and all that has been made, we must remember that there is a being who is first. He is before all others. He is the first cause of all things. He is the creator, sustainer, and redeemer of all things. He is our source. 

And what about the statement that God is the chiefest being? What do we mean by that? 

When we say that God is chiefest we mean that no one outranks God. “Who is like you, O Lord, among the gods? Who is like you, majestic in holiness, awesome in glorious deeds, doing wonders?” (Exodus 15:11, ESV)

God is above all so-called gods. “For the Lord is a great God, and a great King above all gods.” (Psalm 95:3, ESV)

God is chief in heaven. “For who in the skies can be compared to the Lord? Who among the heavenly beings is like the Lord, a God greatly to be feared in the council of the holy ones, and awesome above all who are around him? O Lord God of hosts, who is mighty as you are, O Lord, with your faithfulness all around you?” (Psalm 89:6–8, ESV)

God is chief on earth. “For you, O Lord, are most high over all the earth…” (Psalm 97:9, ESV)

God alone is chief – he shares his supremacy with no one. “I cry out to God Most High, to God who fulfills his purpose for me.” (Psalm 57:2, ESV)

God will forever maintain his supremacy. “The stupid man cannot know; the fool cannot understand this: that though the wicked sprout like grass and all evildoers flourish, they are doomed to destruction forever; but you, O Lord, are on high forever.” (Psalm 92:6–8, ESV)

Hear again Baptist Catechism question 1. Who is the first and chiefest being? A. God is the first and chiefest being. (Isaiah 44:6; Psalm 8:1; 97:9) Those who get this simple answer correct will find themselves off to a very good start in their pursuit of true doctrine. Those who get this answer wrong will find themselves on a very dark path. 

*****

Ought Everyone To Believe There Is A God?

Question two of our catechism then asks, ought everyone to believe there is a God? A: Everyone ought to believe there is a God; and it is their great sin and folly who do not. 

Of course, our catechism, just like the Scriptures, will have a lot more to say regarding what men should believe about God. Also, our catechism will teach that men must put their faith in Jesus if they wish to know God truly, now that we have fallen into sin. But it is right that we start here with this declaration that men ought to believe that God exists. In fact, our catechism adds, “it is their great sin and folly who do not.”  It is a great sin to not that God exists, and it is great folly.

The scriptures teach this very thing. “The fool says in his heart, ‘There is no God…’” (Psalm 14:1a, ESV)

To please God it is first required to believe that he exists. “And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him.” (Hebrews 11:6, ESV)

Disbelief in the existence of God opens the door to all manner of immorality and sin. “They…” the fool who says in his heart, “There is no God…” “are corrupt, they do abominable deeds; there is none who does good.” (Psalm 14:1b, ESV)

Belief in the existence of God is foundational to all practical religion. “How then will they call on him in whom they have not believed? (Romans 10:14, ESV)

*****

Conclusion

It should be clear to all that these questions and answers are the most foundational questions that one can ask. What we say in response to these questions will have a tremendous impact upon the trajectory of our life here on earth. And what we say in response to these questions will have a tremendous impact on our eternal destiny.  

These fundamental questions might seem like they are below those who have been in the faith for a while, but I would challenge you to think otherwise. It is good even for the seasoned believer to ask, am I living as if there is a God? Am I honoring him as the first and chiefest being? 

Brothers and sisters, is the Lord first in your thoughts and first in your esteem? Have you given yourself first unto him? Is the Lord chiefly loved by you and chiefly feared? 

Let us conclude with Deuteronomy 10:12: “And now, Israel, what does the Lord your God require of you, but to fear the Lord your God, to walk in all his ways, to love him, to serve the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul.” 

Happy are those who worship God supremely, for he is worthy to receive all praise, and it is right.

Sermon: Jesus: A King Like No Other, Of A Kingdom Like No Other, Luke 9:7-11

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 2

“Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against his Anointed, saying, ‘Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us.’ He who sits in the heavens laughs; the Lord holds them in derision. Then he will speak to them in his wrath, and terrify them in his fury, saying, ‘As for me, I have set my King on Zion, my holy hill.’ I will tell of the decree: The LORD said to me, ‘You are my Son; today I have begotten you. Ask of me, and I will make the nations your heritage, and the ends of the earth your possession. You shall break them with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel.’ Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.” (Psalm 2, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 9:7-11

“Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, and he was perplexed, because it was said by some that John had been raised from the dead, by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen. Herod said, ‘John I beheaded, but who is this about whom I hear such things?’ And he sought to see him. On their return the apostles told him all that they had done. And he took them and withdrew apart to a town called Bethsaida. When the crowds learned it, they followed him, and he welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God and cured those who had need of healing.” (Luke 9:7–11, ESV)

*****

Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

Friends, as I read from Luke 9 did you notice the question, “Who is this?”, was asked yet again? This question has been asked many times now in Luke’s gospel. As people listened to Jesus’ words and witnessed his mighty deeds they were compelled to ask, who then is this? The religious leaders of the day asked the question in response to Jesus declaring the forgiveness of sins. In Luke 5:21 we read, “And the scribes and the Pharisees began to question, saying, ‘Who is this who speaks blasphemies? Who can forgive sins but God alone?’” In Luke 7:49 we find a similar story. After Christ declared a woman to be forgiven, “those who were at table with him began to say among themselves, ‘Who is this, who even forgives sins?” So, we have found the question on the lips of the scribes and Pharisees. And we have also found this question on the lips of Jesus’ disciples. After Christ calmed the wind and waves of the sea by the power of his word, his disciples “marveled, saying to one another, ‘Who then is this, that he commands even winds and water, and they obey him?” (Luke 8:25, ESV). This morning I would like you to see that this question is raised once again in the passage that is open before. This time the question is found on the lips of a powerful ruler. Herod the tetrarch, after hearing about all that Jesus was doing, asked, “Who is this about whom I hear such things?” (Luke 9:9, ESV).

Two things should be clear to us by now in our consideration of Luke’s gospel. One, in the early days of Jesus’ earthly ministry many people marveled over the words and works of Jesus and wondered who he was. It was clear to all that he was no ordinary man. The religious elite wondered who he was. His disciples wondered who he was. And now we learn that news of Jesus’ mighty words and miraculous deeds came even to the ears of a powerful ruler and he wondered, who then is this? Two, it should be clear to us by now that Luke wants us to ask the same question. Luke does not only want us to ask the question but to find the answer in the pages of his Gospel

Who is this Jesus? Many things can be said about Jesus’ identity. Here is the thing that I wish to focus on this morning as we consider this particular text: Jesus is a King like no other. He is the King of kings and Lord of lords. And his kingdom is like no other. His kingdom is not of this world. His kingdom will have no end. 

*****

Herod The Tetrarch Was Perplexed And Desired To See Jesus

In Luke 9:7 we read, “Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening, and he was perplexed…”

Who was this Herod? The name probably does not mean much to you and me, but it would have been very significant to Luke’s original audience. This Herod belonged to a very significant and powerful ruling family – a dynasty. His father was Herod the Great, who ruled as governor of Galilee from 47-37 BC. After that, he ruled as king over Judea from 37-4 BC. He was a very powerful man. It was Herod the Great who built the temple that stood in Jerusalem in the days of Christ. He began that work in 20 BC. And it was Herod the Great who, at the end of his life, decreed that all of the male children under the age of two living in the town of Bethlehem be put to death. Why? Because wisemen arrived in Judea searching for the newborn king of the Jews. Word of this came to Herod. So paranoid, power-hungry, and brutal was he that, after making some calculations, he issued this terrible decree.  The baby Jesus escaped this slaughter because his adoptive father, Joseph, and his mother, Mary, were warned in a dream to flee, and so they fled to Egypt for refuge. You may read about this in the Gospel of Matthew chapter 2.

The Herod of Luke 9 is a different Herod than the Herod of Matthew 2. He is not Herod the Great, who, in Matthew 2, is called Herod the King. No, this is one of the many sons of Herod the Great. Luke calls him “Herod the tetrarch”. Tetrarch means ruler of a fourth. So, this Herod was not a king like his father, but a powerful ruler who ruled over a fourth of a particular region. He ruled over the region of Galilee where John the Baptist and Jesus ministered. The full name of Herod the tetrarch is Herod Antipas.

We have already been introduced to Herod Antipus in Luke’s Gospel. He is the Herod of Luke 3:1 and 3:19. He is the Herod whom John the Baptist rebuked because he had taken his own brother’s wife. He is the Herod who put John in prison and, eventually, to death. 

Friends, it would be difficult to overstate the power and significance of this Herodian dynasty. They ruled throughout this region for a long time. Herod the Great and Herod Antipas were not the only ones to rule. There were others ruling in the days of Herod Antipas and others would rule after him. They were a very powerful family, and many of them were brutal rulers. Herod the Great was brutal, as evidenced by the story about the children of Bethlehem as told in Matthew 2. And this Herod Antipas was brutal. Look at how he treated John the Baptist! And, as we will see later in Luke’s Gospel, he was brutal towards Jesus too. 

In Luke 13:31 we are told that, later in Jesus’ ministry, “some Pharisees came and said to him, ‘Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you.’ And he said to them, ‘Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I finish my course. Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem’” (Luke 13:31–33, ESV).

In Luke 23 we learn that Jesus did eventually stand before this Herod. Pilate sent Jesus to Herod, “And Herod with his soldiers treated him with contempt and mocked him. Then, arraying him in splendid clothing, he sent him back to Pilate” (Luke 23:11, ESV). Pilate, as you know, then consented to his crucifixion. 

The Herodians were a powerful dynasty and often brutal. As rulers of this world, they were supremely concerned with the attainment and maintenance of power and wealth. And so it is with many of the kings and rulers of this world even to this present day. Consider human history and you will see that those with power and authority do often oppress those under them. Men will conspire and act with violence to attain power, and they will conspire and act with violence to maintain the power they have. This is a very common theme in the history of the world, and it is a common theme in the pages of Holy Scripture too.  

This theme of ungodly, sinful, and oppressive kings, can be traced in the Scriptures all the way back to Genesis chapter 3. Did you know that Adam was a king? He was made in the image of God and was called by God to exercise dominion over God’s world and to expand God’s kingdom (and temple) to the ends of the earth. Adam was appointed by God to be a faithful and benevolent ruler. He was rule while loving God with all of his heart, soul, mind and strength, and his neighbor as himself. He was to rule in submission to God and his word. He was to rule to the glory of God. He was to rule for the good of his fellow man. But you know how that story goes. King Adam became a traitor when he listened to the voice of the serpent and sinned against God Most High. 

The history of tyrannical kings flows from sinful Adam. Read Genesis 4 sometime and notice the violence, oppression, and injustice perpetrated by those with power. In Genesis 6 this theme picks up steam. The sons of God are, in my opinion, kings who used their great power and might, not to serve God and their fellow man, but to brutally oppress others as they lived in rebellion against their Maker. In Genesis 6:5 we read, “The LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intention of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. And the LORD regretted that he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him to his heart. So the LORD said, ‘I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, man and animals and creeping things and birds of the heavens, for I am sorry that I have made them.’ But Noah found favor in the eyes of the LORD” (Genesis 6:5–8, ESV). And then we find the story of the flood. 

The flood, and the new world that was brought into existence after the flood, did put a check on the evil and corruption that existed before, but men and women were still sinful. And those with power did still use their power, not to serve God and man, but to serve themselves and to oppress others. By God’s grace, there are rare exceptions. But for the most part, this way of oppression and injustice is the norm.  

Psalm 2 is correct. The “nations [of the earth do] rage and the peoples plot in vain? The kings of the earth set themselves, and the rulers take counsel together, against the LORD and against his Anointed, saying, ‘Let us burst their bonds apart and cast away their cords from us’” (Psalm 2:1-3, ESV). Think of the Pharaohs of Egypt. Think of the many kings even of Israel. Think of the Herodians who ruled in the days when King Jesus came into the world and walked upon the earth. 

Luke 9:7 says, “Now Herod the tetrarch heard about all that was happening…” In other words, he heard about Jesus’ teaching, the miracles he performed, and the great multitudes who were following after him. How did he hear? Well, historically rulers have tended to take great interest in what the people under them are saying and doing. Certainly, Herod had ways of knowing what was going on in his region. And we should remember what Luke told us back in 8:1-3. “Soon afterward [Jesus] went on through cities and villages, proclaiming and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with him, and also some women…” And among the women mentioned we find, “Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod’s household manager…” She was one of the women who provided for Jesus and his Apostles out of their means. This makes me smile. It means that the word about Jesus did not merely come into Herod’s house through informants, but that the word of Christ came into Herod’s house with the power to save. By God’s grace, this woman named Joanna was, spiritually speaking,  rescued from the kingdom of death and darkness and transferred into the kingdom of life and light.   

However Herod came to hear about Jesus, the text says, “he was perplexed.” This means he was confused. He didn’t know what to make of the news. The news about what Jesus was saying and doing blew his mind. The implication is that he was troubled by it. 

People had their opinions. Some said “that John had been raised from the dead, by some that Elijah had appeared, and by others that one of the prophets of old had risen” (Luke 9:7–8, ESV). I think we should notice that no one was denying that Jesus was performing these miracles. In fact, later in Luke, we are told that Herod “had long desired to see [Jesus], because he had heard about him, and he was hoping to see some sign done by him” (Luke 23:8, ESV). No one, not even Herod, was denying that Jesus was performing these miraculous deeds. He healed the sick and lame. He cast out of demons. He even raised the dead. And he often performed these signs out in the open for all to see. That he performed these miraculous deeds was clear to all. The question was, who is this man?

John the Baptist was a very popular figure. It is no wonder that some thought this was John raised from the dead. Perhaps those in Herod’s house were concerned that, if it was John, he might take vengeance. Others thought that Jesus was the prophet Elijah raised from the dead. The Old Testament Scriptures did indeed prophesy concerning the appearance of “Elijah” before the day of the Lord (see Malachi 3:1, 4:5). The meaning is not that Elijah would rise from the dead, but that a Prophet like Elijah would come. John the Baptist was “Elijah”. He prepared the way for Jesus the Messiah. And finally, some thought that some other Old Testament prophet had risen from the dead. God worked miracles through some of the prophets of Old. Perhaps this was one of them who came back to life.  

These were all wrong, of course. Who is this Jesus? Peter would eventually answer correctly. He is the “Christ of God” (see Luke 9:20). He is the King of kings and Lord of lords. But Herod was perplexed. He said, “‘John I beheaded, but who is this about whom I hear such things?’ And he sought to see him” (Luke 9:9, ESV). Why did Herod want to see him? Well, it appears that he was a curious fellow. He desired to see him perform some sign, remember (see Luke 23:8)?. But it is likely that Herod also wished to do him harm. 

*****

Christ The King Took No Interest In Herod Or In His Kingdom But Came To Establish Another

Herod was perplexed by Jesus and wished to see him. That does not surprise me in the least. The thing that should catch our attention is that Jesus showed no interest at all in Herod or his kingdom. Jesus Christ is a great king. He came to establish a great kingdom. But his kingship and his kingdom are like no other. 

In Luke 9:10 we read, “On their return the apostles told him all that they had done.” This reminds us of the previous passage where Jesus “called the twelve together and gave them power and authority over all demons and to cure diseases, and he sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal” (Luke 9:1–2, ESV). The twelve apostles went on this first mission of theirs just as Christ commanded, and they returned to Jesus and told him all that they had done. It is right to assume that that they did what Christ told 0them to do. They cast out demons, cured diseases, and proclaimed the gospel of the kingdom of God.

In the second part of verse 10 we read, “And he took them and withdrew apart to a town called Bethsaida.” Bethsaida was a town located on the northeast side of the Sea of Galilee. It was home to three of Jesus’ disciples: Andrew, Peter, and Philip (Jn 1:44; 12:21). The thing to notice about this location is that it was away from Jerusalem, away from the center of political power, and away from Herod.

In verse 11 we read, “When the crowds learned it, they followed him, and he welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God and cured those who had need of healing.” 

Crowds followed Jesus. And it is no wonder given what he was teaching and the miracles he performed. This is the kind of thing that makes rulers like Herod nervous.  

The text says that Jesus welcomed these. He received those who came to him. He received them with kindness.

The text also says that he cured those who had need of healing. I think it is right to assume that the majority who followed after Jesus were humble, poor, and powerless. Some were sick and in need of healing. Christ cared for these. He cured those who were sick. In the next passage, we will see that he fed them, for they were hungry. 

Finally, the text says that he spoke to them of the kingdom of God. 

Friends, have you noticed that as your pastor I often speak about the kingdom of God and of Christ the King? There is a reason for this. The Scriptures speak often of the kingdom of God and of Christ the King! This is especially true of Luke’s gospel. The good news of the arrival of the kingdom of God and of Christ the King is central to Luke’s gospel. And it is central to Luke’s gospel because it was central to the ministry of Jesus.  Who is Jesus? He is the Christ of God! He is the King of God’s kingdom. He is a King like no other.

 It is interesting to look up all of the appearances of the word kingdom (βασιλεία in the Greek) in Luke’s gospel. The word appears often – 46 times, in fact. Most of the time, the word kingdom is used to refer to the kingdom of God. And when you analyze the uses of the word kingdom and the teaching that is delivered concerning the kingdom, a story emerges. 

First, Jesus is introduced to us In Luke’s gospel as a king. Specifically, he is introduced to us as the King that God promised to send long before. He is the King who would sit on the throne of David. He is the King whose kingdom would have no end. Luke introduced Jesus to us in this way by telling us what the angel Gabriel said to Mary, the mother of Jesus, before she conceived. Among other things, the angel spoke to her, saying, “And behold, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you shall call his name Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. And the Lord God will give to him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end” (Luke 1:31–33, ESV). Who is this Jesus? From the outset, Luke wants us to know that he is a king. And he is no ordinary king. No, he is the promised King. He is the son that was promised to King David. And he is the king of no ordinary kingdom, for his kingdom will have no end. 

It is interesting that the second time the word “kingdom” is used in Luke’s gospel is in the context of the temptation of Jesus by Satan in the wilderness. First, Luke tells us (through Gabriel’s words) that Jesus is King David’s promised son, the king of God’s everlasting kingdom. But after that, he informs us that Satan tempted Jesus to abandon his mission by taking him up to a high place and showing him “all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time”, saying, “To you I will give all this authority and their glory, for it has been delivered to me, and I give it to whom I will. If you, then, will worship me, it will all be yours” (Luke 4:5–7, ESV)

Satan knew that Christ’s mission was to overthrow him and to take back possession of the earth and the nations of the earth. And so, at the very beginning of Christ’s ministry, he made Jesus an offer. It’s as if he said, let’s do this the easy way. Forget about the suffering. Forget about associating with all of these humble and lowly people. Forget about caring for them and serving them. Forget especially about the suffering of the cross. Look at the kingdoms of the earth. Look at Ceasar over there. Look at his power and authority. Look at his glory. And look at Herod. There he is in his Palace. He’s dressed in fine clothes. He eats the finest food. He’s warm and comfortable. People honor him. People fear him. I’ll make you a king like that, Jesus – a king of glory. In fact, I’ll make you the King of kings. All of the kingdoms of the earth will be yours. They are mine now. Adam gave them to me when he obeyed my voice. And I will give them to you The only thing you must do, Jesus, is worship me. Worship me, and it will all be yours.” King Jesus replied to Satan in the way that King Adam should have. “Jesus answered him, ‘It is written, ‘You shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve’” (Luke 4:8, ESV). “And when the devil had ended every temptation, he departed from him until an opportune time” (Luke 4:13, ESV).

And Christ went on his way too. He moved forward with perfect resolve. He submitted himself perfectly and perpetually to the Father’s will for him. And what was the Father’s will for him? It was to establish the eternal kingdom of God through suffering. Christ the King is also Christ the suffering servant. I told you he is a King like no other.  

Don’t worry, I am not going to take you through every one of the 46 appearances of the word “kingdom” in Luke’s gospel. The first two uses of the word are very significant. They set the tone. It will suffice to say that from Luke 4:43 to the end of Luke 11 the word kingdom appears many times. In this section, we find Christ and his Apostles proclaiming that the kingdom of God is at hand and demonstrating that it was true through the casting out of demons and the healing of the sick. So then, from Luke 4:43 through to the end of Luke 11 the powerful inbreaking of God’s kingdom and the arrival of God’s Anointed King are both declared and proved to be true by the working of signs and wonders by Christ and his Apostles. 

The word kingdom also appears frequently in Luke 12 through 19. In this section, we find a great deal of teaching concerning the nature of God’s kingdom – what it is, who its citizens are, and how it advances. In Luke 21 through 23 we find more teaching about the kingdom, but here, near the end of Luke’s gospel, the focus is on the future of the kingdom of God on earth and at the consummation of all things.    

Kingdom, kingdom, kingdom. Luke wants us to know that Christ is the King of the kingdom of God, and his kingship and kingdom are like no other. Christ the King is a suffering servant. His kingdom is not of this world. It is a kingdom of love and grace. It advances, not with the sword, but through the preaching of the gospel as the Spirit works. His kingdom is in no way aligned with Satan’s kingdom nor with the fallen and sinful kings and kingdoms of this world. And please hear this: Christ’s kingship and his kingdom will have no end. 

Before moving on, can we make a simple observation about the kings of this earth and their kingdoms? What is one thing they all share in common? All of them eventually come to an end. Consider, for example, the Herod’s. Herod the Great is dead (ruled 47–4 BC). Herod Archelaus is dead (ruled 4 BC–AD 6). Herod Antipas – the one who killed John the Baptist and mistreated Jesus before returning him to Pilate to be crucified – dead (ruled 4 BC–AD 39). Herod Philip – dead (ruled 4 BC–AD 34). Herod Agrippa the elder – dead ( AD 37–44). Herod Agrippa the younger – dead (ruled AD 50–100). All of these rulers are dead. And their kingdoms, as powerful and glorious as they may have been, are gone too. They are in a state of ruin. 

Archeology is fascinating, don’t you think? I don’t know that I’ll ever have the opportunity to travel to Egypt to look at those great pyramids, or to South America to look at the magnificent megalithic structures that are found there, or to Israel to set my eyes on the ruins of the palace of Herod the Great or the remains of the temple that Herod built. But if I do, I know what I will be thinking. On the one hand, I would do what most people do and marvel over the greatness of man. I would think of the greatness of the kings who ruled when these structures were built. I would stand amazed at man’s ingenuity and creativity. I would also see in these structures the common impulse of man to worship something. I would think back to the story of the tower of Babel as recorded in Genesis 11, where men desired to make a name for themselves, and so they built a tower to reach heaven, but this was not the will of God. They did not seek the one true God. They worshipped demons. They worshiped themselves. And so God confused their language and dispersed them. Yes, whenever I think about these ancient ruins, especially those that functioned as temples, I do think about the greatness of man, his ingenuity, creativity, and his impulse to worship. But do you know what else quickly comes to mind? Man’s sin, folly, and frailty come to mind. Man in his folly seeks to build kingdoms apart from God. And though men are indeed creative, intelligent,  industrious, and powerful, they are frail. The kings and kingdoms of this earth all come to an end. Their magnificent buildings come to ruin. Where are the ancient Egyptians? Where are the Inca? Where are the Romans? Where is Old Covenant Israel? Their kings are dead, their kingdoms are gone, and their cities are in ruin. So it is with all of the kings and kingdoms of this earth. And so it will be with the nation in which we live. 

But God’s King – the anointed King of Psalm 2 – the one who is enthroned now in the heavenly mount Zion – he will have the nations as his heritage, and the ends of the earth as his possession. He will break the nations with a rod of iron and dash them in pieces like a potter’s vessel. And so the Psalmist was right to say, “Now therefore, O kings, be wise; be warned, O rulers of the earth. Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling. Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and you perish in the way, for his wrath is quickly kindled. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.” (Psalm 2, ESV)

*****

Conclusion

Well, brothers and sisters, as I read this passage here in Luke 9:7-11, I felt compelled to draw your attention to the great difference between a powerful ruler like Herod and Christ Jesus, the King of kings and Lord of lords, whose kingdom will have no end. 

Please allow me to conclude this sermon with a few very brief suggestions for application. 

Firstly, may I encourage you to continue to grow in your understanding of the kingdom of God and of Christ the King. What is the nature of this kingdom? How does one become a part of it? What will life in this kingdom be like prior to the consummation on the last day? How is the kingdom of God to relate to the common kingdoms of this earth? Where is the King of this kingdom now, Christ the Lord? How does he expand his kingdom? How does he relate to his people? How does he govern his people? How does he preserve and protect his people?  What will his kingdom be like when it is consummate on the last day? Christian, you must continue to grow in your understanding of the kingdom of God. We will learn more about in our study of Luke, but really is the whole Bible that teaches us about God’s kingdom and God’s Anointed King. 

Secondly, may I encourage you to look out upon the world and the kingdoms of this world with eyes of faith. The kingdoms of this world can be seen and they appear glorious. But the kingdom of God is not so visible. In Luke 17:20, Pharisees came to Jesus to ask him when the kingdom of God would come. “He answered them, ‘The kingdom of God is not coming in ways that can be observed.’” The kingdom of God grows when sinners turn from their sins to trust in Jesus as Lord and Savior. You can’t see that. And even when the kingdom of God is made visible by the church when she assembles in Jesus’ name, the kingdom of God looks humble and insignificant to the natural eye. I’m encouraging you to look upon these things with eyes of faith. When you go to one of our big cities and look up at the skyscrapers, or when you go to our nation’s capitol and behold the distinguished buildings, see them for what they are – worldly structures that will one day come to ruin. When you look upon our politicians and rulers or think about the militaries of this world with all of their power an might, look upon them with eyes of faith. Look upon them knowing that these, like all of the other kingdoms of this earth, will one day come to nothing. And when you look upon the church of God, as humble and small and powerless as she appears, look upon her with eyes of faith too. For here you see the citizens of the one kingdom that will never come to an end, for these have Jesus Christ, the Son of David, the son of God, the crucified, buried, resurrected and ascended one, as their King. All of this can only be perceived with eyes of faith. 

Thirdly, as you learn about the kingdom of God, and as you look out upon the world through eyes of faith and according to the truth of Scripture, may this affect where your hope is placed and where your priorities are set. And no, I am not here saying that Christians must never engage in politics or take an interest in political affairs. We should certainly seek the good of our nation and the good of our fellow man. We should be concerned with matters of love and justice. But we should not place our hope in politics or politicians, or in this nation or any other. Our hope must be in Christ the King and in his kingdom, and his kingdom is not of this world.  Friends, our priority must be the advancement of Christ’s eternal kingdom. And we know that this kingdom is advanced through the preaching of the word of God and by the working of God’s Spirit upon the hearts and minds of sinners. And so we must preach, we must pray, and we must love.   

“Kingdom” In Luke’s Gospel

Lk 1:33 and he will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.” 

Lk 4:5 And the devil took him up and showed him all the kingdoms of the world in a moment of time, 

Lk 4:43 but he said to them, “I must preach the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns as well; for I was sent for this purpose.” 

Lk 6:20 And he lifted up his eyes on his disciples, and said: “Blessed are you who are poor, for yours is the kingdom of God. 

Lk 7:28 I tell you, among those born of women none is greater than John. Yet the one who is least in the kingdom of God is greater than he.” 

Lk 8:1 Soon afterward he went on through cities and villages, proclaiming and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with him, 

Lk 8:10 he said, “To you it has been given to know the secrets of the kingdom of God, but for others they are in parables, so that ‘seeing they may not see, and hearing they may not understand.’ 

Lk 9:2 and he sent them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and to heal. 

Lk 9:11 When the crowds learned it, they followed him, and he welcomed them and spoke to them of the kingdom of God and cured those who had need of healing. 

Lk 9:27 But I tell you truly, there are some standing here who will not taste death until they see the kingdom of God.” 

Lk 9:60 And Jesus said to him, “Leave the dead to bury their own dead. But as for you, go and proclaim the kingdom of God.” 

Lk 9:62 Jesus said to him, “No one who puts his hand to the plow and looks back is fit for the kingdom of God.” 

Lk 10:9 Heal the sick in it and say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has come near to you.’ 

Lk 10:11 ‘Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know this, that the kingdom of God has come near.’ 

Lk 11:2 And he said to them, “When you pray, say: “Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. 

Lk 11:17 But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, “Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a divided household falls. 

Lk 11:18 And if Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul. 

Lk 11:20 But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. 

Lk 12:31 Instead, seek his kingdom, and these things will be added to you. 

Lk 12:32 “Fear not, little flock, for it is your Father’s good pleasure to give you the kingdom. 

Lk 13:18 He said therefore, “What is the kingdom of God like? And to what shall I compare it? 

Lk 13:20 And again he said, “To what shall I compare the kingdom of God? 

Lk 13:28 In that place there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when you see Abraham and Isaac and Jacob and all the prophets in the kingdom of God but you yourselves cast out. 

Lk 13:29 And people will come from east and west, and from north and south, and recline at table in the kingdom of God. 

Lk 14:15 When one of those who reclined at table with him heard these things, he said to him, “Blessed is everyone who will eat bread in the kingdom of God!” 

Lk 16:16 “The Law and the Prophets were until John; since then the good news of the kingdom of God is preached, and everyone forces his way into it. 

Lk 17:20 Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them, “The kingdom of God is not coming in ways that can be observed, 

Lk 17:20 Being asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, he answered them, “The kingdom of God is not coming in ways that can be observed, 

Lk 17:21 nor will they say, ‘Look, here it is!’ or ‘There!’ for behold, the kingdom of God is in the midst of you.” 

Lk 18:16 But Jesus called them to him, saying, “Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God. 

Lk 18:17 Truly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it.” 

Lk 18:24 Jesus, seeing that he had become sad, said, “How difficult it is for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God! 

Lk 18:25 For it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 

Lk 18:29 And he said to them, “Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or wife or brothers or parents or children, for the sake of the kingdom of God, 

Lk 19:11 As they heard these things, he proceeded to tell a parable, because he was near to Jerusalem, and because they supposed that the kingdom of God was to appear immediately. 

Lk 19:12 He said therefore, “A nobleman went into a far country to receive for himself a kingdom and then return. 

Lk 19:15 When he returned, having received the kingdom, he ordered these servants to whom he had given the money to be called to him, that he might know what they had gained by doing business. 

Lk 21:10 Then he said to them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 

Lk 21:10 Then he said to them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. 

Lk 21:31 So also, when you see these things taking place, you know that the kingdom of God is near. 

Lk 22:16 For I tell you I will not eat it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.” 

Lk 22:18 For I tell you that from now on I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.” 

Lk 22:29 and I assign to you, as my Father assigned to me, a kingdom, 

Lk 22:30 that you may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel. 

Lk 23:42 And he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.” 

Lk 23:51 who had not consented to their decision and action; and he was looking for the kingdom of God. 


"Him we proclaim,
warning everyone and teaching everyone with all wisdom,
that we may present everyone mature in Christ."
(Colossians 1:28, ESV)

©2025 Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church