Sermon: Woe To You Pharisees! Luke 11:37-44

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 51

“TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A PSALM OF DAVID, WHEN NATHAN THE PROPHET WENT TO HIM, AFTER HE HAD GONE IN TO BATHSHEBA. Have mercy on me, O God, according to your steadfast love; according to your abundant mercy blot out my transgressions. Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin! For I know my transgressions, and my sin is ever before me. Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight, so that you may be justified in your words and blameless in your judgment. Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity, and in sin did my mother conceive me. Behold, you delight in truth in the inward being, and you teach me wisdom in the secret heart. Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Let me hear joy and gladness; let the bones that you have broken rejoice. Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all my iniquities. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me. Cast me not away from your presence, and take not your Holy Spirit from me. Restore to me the joy of your salvation, and uphold me with a willing spirit. Then I will teach transgressors your ways, and sinners will return to you. Deliver me from bloodguiltiness, O God, O God of my salvation, and my tongue will sing aloud of your righteousness. O Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will declare your praise. For you will not delight in sacrifice, or I would give it; you will not be pleased with a burnt offering. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise. Do good to Zion in your good pleasure; build up the walls of Jerusalem; then will you delight in right sacrifices, in burnt offerings and whole burnt offerings; then bulls will be offered on your altar.” (Psalm 51, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 11:37-54

“While Jesus was speaking, a Pharisee asked him to dine with him, so he went in and reclined at table. The Pharisee was astonished to see that he did not first wash before dinner. And the Lord said to him, ‘Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness. You fools! Did not he who made the outside make the inside also? But give as alms those things that are within, and behold, everything is clean for you. But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and every herb, and neglect justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without neglecting the others. Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seat in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces. Woe to you! For you are like unmarked graves, and people walk over them without knowing it.’ One of the lawyers answered him, ‘Teacher, in saying these things you insult us also.’ And he said, ‘Woe to you lawyers also! For you load people with burdens hard to bear, and you yourselves do not touch the burdens with one of your fingers. Woe to you! For you build the tombs of the prophets whom your fathers killed. So you are witnesses and you consent to the deeds of your fathers, for they killed them, and you build their tombs. Therefore also the Wisdom of God said, ‘I will send them prophets and apostles, some of whom they will kill and persecute,’ so that the blood of all the prophets, shed from the foundation of the world, may be charged against this generation, from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zechariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary. Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation. Woe to you lawyers! For you have taken away the key of knowledge. You did not enter yourselves, and you hindered those who were entering.’ As he went away from there, the scribes and the Pharisees began to press him hard and to provoke him to speak about many things, lying in wait for him, to catch him in something he might say.” (Luke 11:37–54, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

  1. Introduction
    1. Here in the passage that is open before us today, we learn about a confrontation that our Lord had with a group of Pharisees and lawyers. The Pharisees were a sect within Judaism known for their strict religious devotion. The lawyers were experts in the law of Moses. They were Old Testament scholars and teachers. Many of them were also Pharisees. Here in this passage, Jesus confronts both groups for their hypocrisy and their misinterpretation and misapplication of the law of Moses.
    2. This confrontation between our Lord and these men should be of interest to those who follow after Jesus Christ, for we are called to be religiously devout, and we are called to know the Scriptures. But in our religious devotion and our handling of the Scriptures, we must be careful to avoid the errors of the Pharisees and lawyers. 
    3. One thing I want you to see this morning is that Christ did not condemn the Pharisees for their religious devotion, but for their hypocrisy. And Christ did not condemn the lawyers for their study of the Scriptures, but for their misinterpretation and misapplication of it. 
    4. You see, I am afraid that some, after learning of Jesus’ confrontations with the Pharisees, will error in thinking that all religious devotion is to be avoided by the Christian. They assume that religious devotion equals legalism. But this is not true. The Christian is to be religiously devout. The Christian is called to worship God faithfully in obedience to the Scriptures. The Christian is called to obey God’s moral law. The problem with the Pharisees was not their religious devotion, but their hypocrisy. Their devotion was merely external. It was not from the heart. 
    5. And some, after hearing of Jesus’ confrontations with lawyers, might assume that Christ was condemning their study of and reverence for God’s law. But this is not true. What Jesus confronted was not the study of God’s law, but the misinterpretation and hypocritical misapplication of it. The Christian must “know that the law is good, if one uses it lawfully,” (1 Timothy 1:8, ESV). 
    6. Let us now carefully consider this text together. We will only make it through verse 44 this morning. We will consider Jesus’ condemnation of the lawyers in verses 45-54 next Sunday, Lord willing. 
  2. The Pharisees Condemned (vs. 37-44)
    1. In verses 37-44, Jesus condemns the Pharisees. As we consider Jesus’ condemnation of the Pharisees, we must do it, not to cast stones at the Pharisees, but to, with fear and trembling, examine our own hearts to be sure that the Pharisaical error does not reside within us.
      1. In verse 37 we read, “While Jesus was speaking, a Pharisee asked him to dine with him, so he went in and reclined at table” (Luke 11:37, ESV). What was the motivation of the Pharisee when he invited Jesus to dine with him? The text does not say. So far, there is no hint of hostility.
      2. But in verse 38 we read, “The Pharisee was astonished to see that [Jesus] did not first wash before dinner” (Luke 11:38, ESV). Modern readers might assume this was about hygiene. In our culture, it is assumed that people will wash their hands before dinner, especially if they have been working with their hands or out in public. For us, this is about hygiene. But for the Pharisees, this washing was about ceremonial purity. It was about religious devotion, not hygiene.
        1. One question we should ask is, did the Old Covenant law of Moses command these washings? The answer is, no. If it did, then Jesus would have washed, for he was careful to obey all the laws of the Old Mosaic Covenant. It must be remembered that Jesus was a Hebrew who lived under the Old Covenant. He was bound to keep the law of Moses, therefore. For him to disobey the law of Moses – yes, even the ceremonial laws – would have been a sin. And we know that our Savior was without sin.
          1. To be clear, the Old Mosaic Covenant did command certain washings. The priests, for example, were to wash their hands and feet with the water of the bronze basin that stood in the Tabernacle before they ministered at the altar (see Exodus 30:17-21). But the washings mentioned in Luke 11:38 are nowhere to be found in the Old Testement. These were manmade traditions (see Matthew 15:1-20; Mark 7:3-4; John 2:6). Matthew 15 makes it clear that Jesus and his disciples did not follow these manmade traditions, and it bothered the Pharisees. In that text, we read, “Then Pharisees and scribes came to Jesus from Jerusalem and said, ‘Why do your disciples break the tradition of the elders? For they do not wash their hands when they eat” (Matthew 15:1–2, ESV).
        2. Here is another question: Would it have been wrong for Jesus to participate in this tradition? This is a difficult question to answer. On the one hand, we may say that some traditions are inconsequential. We all have family traditions, and that is fine. Societies and cultures have their traditions, and it is not typically wrong to participate in those. In fact, there may be times when it is right to honor manmade traditions out of respect for the home or culture you are in. I think of how Paul was willing to “become all things to all people, that by all means [he] might save some” (1 Corinthians 9:22, ESV). To the Jew, he lived as a Jew, and to the Gentile, he lived as a Gentile. I take this to mean that Paul was willing to adopt and conform to certain inconsequential customs and traditions so as to not unnecessarily offend. There are, of course, limits to this. Never should a Christian do what God has forbidden in his Word, or fail to do what God has commanded in his Word. Never should the church compromise on matters of doctrine or worship in an attempt to please the culture. But there are some customs and traditions that are, in and of themselves, neutral and inconsequential, morally speaking. The tradition of washing hands before a meal might seem to fall into this neutral and inconsequential category, but Jesus and his disciples did not participate as a matter of principle. Why? Because they were aware of the terrible theology that undergirded this practice. These Pharisees were notorious for piling up law after law upon the law of God and teaching that men were justified through the keeping of these manmade rules and regulations. For the Pharisees, these washings were religious. Jesus and his disciples were resolved to have nothing to do with these manmade traditions that were contrary to God’s law.
          1. Perhaps a modern-day equivalent would be a Christian participating in the Roman Mass. The Mass is no inconsequential tradition but is a manmade religious ceremony rooted in errors that undermine the very gospel of Jesus Christ and erode the very foundation of the Christian religion. No follower of Jesus Christ should participate in the Roman Mass.   
        3. When Jesus skipped the wash basin, he knew exactly what he was doing. He was acting according to his conviction. And by disregarding this custom, he was sending a message. I think it is right to assume that Christ intended to spark the conversation that followed.  
      3. Jesus’ response to the Pharisee’s astonishment begins in verse 39. “And the Lord said to him, ‘Now you Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness” (Luke 11:39, ESV).
        1. We should remember that Jesus was seated at the dinner table with this Pharisee (and others). You can see, then, where Christ drew the metaphor from. He drew attention to the cups and plates on the table and said, “You Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the dish, but inside you are full of greed and wickedness” (Luke 11:39, ESV). If you had to choose between the inside or the outside of your cup or dish being washed, which option would you pick? I’m sure you would pick the inside. Here, Jesus compares the Pharisees to dishes and cups and he condemns them for their preoccupation with cleaning their outsides (their bodies) through their manmade purification rituals while leaving their insides (the heart or soul) filthy. And what was the filth of their soul? Christ condemned them for their greed and wickedness.
        2. I wonder if you can imagine the tension in the room. I imagine my Lord and Savior speaking with calmness, coolness, power, and strength. I imagine that the Pharisees and lawyers were deeply offended. My guess is that they were visibly agitated – wide-eyed, and red in the face. I doubt much food was eaten at this meal. The meal that was served instead was the spiritual meal that Christ was pleased to serve.
      4. In verse 40, Christ calls the Pharisees fools. We ought not to imagine our Lord hurling insults at the Pharisees while being driven by passions. No, but he did speak the truth. These men were fools. They were senseless and unwise to think that washing the body with water would do them any good while their hearts and minds were full of filth. They were fools, and Christ told them so.
        1. Those lacking maturity in Christ might take this to mean that they should make it their mission to call every fool a fool at every opportunity (thanks to social media, opportunities abound!) After all, they reason, Christ called the Pharisees fools, and so we should do the same. Well, there are a few things to consider. One, you are not Christ. It may not be your place to call every fool a fool. Two, Christ did not call every fool a fool at every opportunity. If he did, I suppose that is all he would have talked about! There is a time and place to call a fool a fool, and this was the right time and place for Jesus to say it. Three, it requires maturity and self-control to call a fool a fool without falling into sin yourself. Those who confront folly in others must take the log out of their own eye before trying to remove the speck from the eye of another. And those who confront sin in others must do so patiently and gently. Even firm rebukes can be delivered in a spirit of love and gentleness (see 2 Corinthians 10:1; Galatians 6:1; Ephesians 4:2; 1 Thessalonians 2:7; 1 Timothy 3:3; 1 Timothy 6:11; 2 Timothy 2:25; Titus 3:23; Hebrews 5:2; James 3:17; 1 Peter 3:15). The delivery of a rebuke must fit the circumstance. Jesus was a master at this. He was perfectly right to turn over the money tables in the temple, to call these Pharisees fools, and to tenderly speak to the woman caught in adulty saying, “Neither do I condemn you; go, and from now on sin no more” (John 8:11, ESV). His rebukes were always timely, fitting, and well-delivered. 
      5. The rebuke Jesus delivered to the Pharisees, as recorded in verses 40-41, was just right. “You fools! Did not he who made the outside make the inside also? But give as alms those things that are within, and behold, everything is clean for you” (Luke 11:40–41, ESV).
        1. The question, “Did not he who made the outside make the inside also?”, is a reminder that God is Lord of the body and the soul and that he is more concerned with the actual purity of the soul than the ceremonial purity of the body, as implied in verse 39 above. 
        2. When Christ said, “But give as alms those things that are within”, I think he meant, that what God truly desires is not the ceremonial purification of the body, but a pure heart, and love for others issuing from a pure heart. I take the phrase, “But give as alms those things that are within” to mean, do you wish to be pure before God? Then you must start with the heart. The heart must be pure, and then you must give worship to God from the heart, and do good to others from the heart. Perhaps you can see that we keep coming back to the first and second greatest commandments as stated back in Luke 10:25-28. You see, the problem is that the religion of these Pharisees was only skin deep. They were preoccupied with external things. They had forgotten that God is most concerned with the heart.
          1. I think it is interesting to note how this teaching from our Lord about true religion being heart religion finds its way into the writings of Christ’s Apostles.
            1. Listen to what Paul says in 1 Timothy 1:5: “The aim of our charge is love that issues from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith.” The Christian reliogion is about love. Firstly, it is about love for God. Secondly, it is about love for neighbor. But this love, if it is to be true, must issue (spring forth) from a pure heart, a good conscience, and sincere faith.  
            2. And listen to the Apostle Peter in Peter 1:22-23: “Having purified your souls by your obedience to the truth for a sincere brotherly love, love one another earnestly from a pure heart, since you have been born again, not of perishable seed but of imperishable, through the living and abiding word of God…”
              1. I see both of these passages as being very much related to the teaching of our Lord found here in Luke 11. The Apostles of Christ had learned that true religion and true purity must spring from a pure heart. What good does it do to wash the outside of a cup or dish if the inside of the cup or dish is filthy? The cup or dish that is clean on the outside may impress from a distance, but if it is filthy on the inside it will, one, eventually be known, and two, they will forever taint the food and drink they deliver. 
            3. Jesus was right, these men who practiced a merely external form of religion while harboring the filth of greed and wickedness within their hearts, were fools. They knew the Scriptures and they should have known better.
              1. Certainly, they were familiar with Psalm 51:16-17 where David says, “For you will not delight in sacrifice, or I would give it; you will not be pleased with a burnt offering. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise.” What does this text reveal except that God is not impressed with external religion if it is heartless? What God desires is a repentant heart – a heart that looks to God and to God’s Messiah for cleansing. 
              2. If these Pharisees were to practice true religion, they would first need to be forgiven and cleansed through faith in Jesus the Messiah. Psalm 51 also teaches this. That Psalm begins with the words, “Have mercy on me, O God, according to your steadfast love; according to your abundant mercy blot out my transgressions”. In this Psalm, David pleads with God, saying, “Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin!” A little later he says,  “Behold, you delight in truth in the inward being, and you teach me wisdom in the secret heart. Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean; wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow.”  Finally, David prays, “Hide your face from my sins, and blot out all my iniquities. Create in me a clean heart, O God, and renew a right spirit within me.”
        3. These Pharisees who were preoccupied with external religion and ceremonial purity while neglecting the heart, were fools, and so Christ exhorted them, saying, “But give as alms those things that are within, and behold, everything is clean for you.” The meaning is this: if the heart and mind are pure then everything will be pure, for it is from the heart and mind that we speak and act. These ceremonial washing do nothing to cleanse the heart unless they are accompanied by repentance and faith. 
      6. Jesus’ rebuke of the Pharisees continues in verse 42: “But woe to you Pharisees! For you tithe mint and rue and every herb, and neglect justice and the love of God. These you ought to have done, without neglecting the others.” (Luke 11:42, ESV).
        1. When Christ said that Pharisees tithed “mint and rue and every herb” he drew attention to the fact that they were very careful to offer up their tithes at the temple. They did not only give a tenth of their large crops but a tenth of the little household herbs they grew in their gardens. Again, we see that they were very particular about the performance of external religious duties. Notice that Christ did not condemn them for their contributions but for their preoccupation with the particulars of external religion while neglecting much weightier matters such as justice and the love of God.
          1. Justice is the good and right treatment of others. Justice is required by the second great commandment to love your neighbor as yourself. And as you know, love for God is what the first great commandment requires. The Pharisees were fools to focus on the minutia of external religion while neglecting these much weightier things, and so Christ pronounced woes upon them.
            1. Again, the Pharisees knew the Scriptures, and so they should have known better. Micah 6:8 says, “He has told you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justice, and to love kindness, and to walk humbly with your God?”
        2. At the end of verse 42 Christ tells them what they should have done. “These [the offering up of tithes at the temple] you ought to have done, without neglecting the others.”
          1. So, external religious devotion does matter. “These [the offering up of tithes at the temple] you ought to have done”, Christ said. It was right for the Pharisees to give a tenth of their mint and rue and herbs to support the ministry of the priests at the temple. It was right for them to do this, for the law of Moses said, “You shall tithe all the yield of your seed that comes from the field year by year” (Deuteronomy 14:22, ESV).
          2. But this they “ought to have done, without neglecting the others”, namely, justice and love for God. 
      7. In verse 43 Christ puts his finger on the problem. “Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seat in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces.” (Luke 11:43, ESV)
        1. Notice the word love. This word keeps popping up, doesn’t it? The essence of the law of God is love – love for God, and love for neighbor (see Luke 10:25-28). And love is also the essence of true religion.
          1. Does God command his people to perform external religious duties? Yes, of course. From creation, God’s people were commanded to set one day out of every seven apart as holy unto the Lord. The day is to be observed and kept holy. It is a day to rest from common labor and recreation. It is a day for public and private worship. On this day, God’s people are to remember God’s work of creation and his work of redemption. It is a day for holy convocation (see Leviticus 23:3). This means it is a day to assemble with the people of God for worship. From Adam to the resurrection of Christ, the sabbath day was the seventh day. From the resurrection of Christ to the end of the world, the sabbath day is the first day of the week. The old Jewish sabbath has passed away having been fulfilled by Christ. The Lord’s Day has taken its place (see Revelation 1:10). The Christian Sabbath is to be observed and kept by the people of God (see Hebrews 4:9). It is a key component of the Christian religion. God’s people sin when they neglect this external religious duty (see Hebrews 10:25). If you think that we, who live under the New Covenant are without external religious duties, you are badly mistaken. God’s people, to this present day, are to keep one day out of every seven as holy unto the Lord. But do not think that God is impressed by your sabbath-keeping if your heart is far from him. The essence of true religious devotion is love.    
          2. And what are God’s people to do when they assemble for public worship? What is our religious duty? We are to give ourselves to the reading and preaching of the Holy Scriptures, to prayer, the breaking of the bread, and the fellowship (see Acts 2:42). These are religious duties commanded in God’s Word. We sin when we neglect them. But do not think that God is pleased when you attend public worship without love in your hearts for God and for one another. The essence of true religious devotion is love.
        2. The word love keeps coming up. Here in verse 43 Christ says, “Woe to you Pharisees! For you love the best seat in the synagogues and greetings in the marketplaces” (Luke 11:43, ESV). It’s as if Christ said, Woe to you Pharisees! For you love… yourselves. You are meticulous in your performance of external religious duties – some of them are commanded in God’s law; some are merely the traditions of man – but you perform these duties because you love, not God or neighbor, but yourself. You love to be honored at church and given the very best seat. You love to be greeted in the marketplace. You love yourself. But your love for God and your fellow man is sadly lacking. And God is not pleased with this.
      8. In verse 44 Christ pronounces these third and final woe. “Woe to you! For you are like unmarked graves, and people walk over them without knowing it” (Luke 11:44, ESV).
        1. Here Christ compares the Pharisees to graves. On the outside, things look nice. On the inside, there is nothing but uncleanness. In Matthew 23:27 we hear Christ say, “Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but within are full of dead people’s bones and all uncleanness” (Matthew 23:27, ESV). Though Christ says less here in Luke 11, the meaning is the same. 
        2. Furthermore, it should be known that under the Old Mosaic Covenant, if a Jew came into contact with a grave, it would make them cerimonially unclean (see Numbers 19:16). A ceremonial right of purification would then be required. The practice of whitewashing tombs in Jesus’ day was actually for the purpose of highlighting the graves so that the Jews could avoid contact with them, especially as people journeyed to Jerusalem during the holy days. The last thing a person would want is to become unclean by coming into contact with a grave. That would greatly hinder their participation in worship at the temple. 
        3. When Christ referred to the Pharisees as “unmarked graves” and stated that “people walk over them without knowing it”, he meant two things.
          1. One, though the Pharisees thought they were clean on the basis of their external religious devotion, really, like graves, they were filled with uncleanness. They were in need of true cleansing. 
          2. Two, though the Pharisees thought they blessed others and made others clean through their teachings and example, the opposite was true. In reality, they made others unclean through the influence they had on them. Just as Jews would unknowingly become cerimonially unclean as they walked over unmarked graves, so too, many were made unclean by the contact they had with these hypocritical Pharisees as they were influenced by their false teachings and followed their hypocritical ways. The meaning, I think, is that hypocrites beget hypocrites and uncleanness begets uncleanness.
  3. Conclusion
    1. When I first started to write this sermon, I intended to continue through verse 54. Clearly, verses 37 – 54 go together. In verse 45 Jesus turns his attention to the lawyers, that is to say, to the supposed experts in the law of Moses, and delivers a string of rebukes to them. I do not wish to frustrate you today with an exceptionally long sermon, nor do I wish to shortchange verses 45 through 54. There is much for us to consider in that text. And we will consider it together next Sunday, Lord willing. 
    2. Let us now move this sermon toward a conclusion by considering applications.
      1. Firstly, I must urge you, dear brothers and sisters, to have a clear view of what God’s law actually requires and forbids.
        1. You do not live under the law of Moses. The ceremonial laws regarding sacrifices and washings and the offering up of tithes and offerings at the temple through the priesthood do not apply to you. They have passed away with the Old Covenant, for they have been fulfilled by Christ Jesus, the mediator of a new and better covenant. 
        2. But the New Covenant is not without law. The moral law is still binding on us. And to the moral law, Christ has added positive laws to regulate New Covenant worship and to govern life in his New Covenant kingdom. 
        3. To say that the Christian should be concerned about knowing God’s law and keeping it is not Pharisaical or legalistic. It is simply orthodox and biblical. Christ said, “If you love me, you will keep my commandments” (John 14:15, ESV). Every true Christian should desire to know what those commandments are and strive to keep them.
      2. Secondly, I must urge you, dear brothers and sisters, to avoid the legalism of the Pharisees. Legalism takes different forms.
        1. Often, the legalist will add manmade laws to the law of God. The motivations for this are varied. And here is another reason for you to know what God’s law actually requires – to distinguish between God’s law and manmade customs. God’s law is to be received and obeyed. Manmade rules and regulations must not bind the conscience of the believer.   
        2.  Legalists will also err in believing that they can be justified before God through law-keeping. This is not true. We are all lawbreakers. We stand guilty before God, therefore. This is why we need Christ. Christ kept the law for us and in our place. He also died to atone for the sins of his people. These Pharisees thought they were clean because of their law-keeping. They were not clean. Like you and me, they needed a Savior. The Savior is Christ the Lord. 
        3. Finally, legalists will often assume that religious rituals will purify them. They will not. The ceremonies of the Old Mosaic Covenant did make men clean in a temporary and earthy way. But those ceremonies could not cleanse the soul. In fact, those ceremonies – the washings and sacrifices offered at the temple – pointed to the fact that true cleansing was needed. The ceremonial laws of the Old Testament pointed to Christ! And something similar must be said about the ceremonies of the New Covenant. The water of Baptism does not cleanse you. The blood of Christ is what cleanses you. And he is received by faith alone. Baptism will not benefit you at all if there is no faith in the heart. And the same is true of the Lord’s Supper. The Supper does not save you. Christ’s broken body and shed blood saves you. And the supper is a sign of these things. Do not approach baptism and the Lord’s Supper in a legalistic way thinking that these signs function ex opere operato – “from the work performed” or “by the work done”. No, these are sacraments that point to the work that Christ has done. We must receive Christ by faith as we approach the sacraments as a means of grace.
      3. Thirdly, I urge you to pursue religious devotion with a love for God and your fellow man burning strongly within your heart.
        1. A true love for God will involve loving God’s Son, Christ the Lord. Those who love God will know that God is holy and just, infinite in his perfections, and worthy to receive all praise. Those who love God will fear him, knowing that they are sinners who stand before him condemned. And yet they will be drawn to him knowing that he is merciful, gracious, and kind. And where is God’s love and grace manifest? It is shown in his sending of the Son, Christ the Lord. Those who love God truly will love the Son dearly for the Son is the Savior God has provided. These Pharisees were fools indeed. They claimed to be religious. They claimed to be lovers of God. And yet they warred against the Son of God incarnate even as he reclined at the table with them. Truth be told, they loved themselves. They were concerned with their own glory, not God’s. And so they could not bring themselves to receive Christ the Son.  
        2. Lastly, a true love for our neighbor will involve exulting God’s Son for all to see. These Pharisees exalted themselves. They exalted their traditions and laws. They exulted their own self-righteousness. And in so doing, they hindered others from seeing Jesus, the Messiah. Dear friends, the best thing we can do for others is to exult, not ourselves or our traditions, but Jesus Christ. May we walk humbly before God and man and draw attention to our marvelous Savior, Jesus Christ the Lord. Amen.
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Catechetical Sermon: Did God Leave All Mankind To Perish In The Estate Of Sin And Misery?, Baptist Catechism 23

Baptist Catechism 23

Q. 23. Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A. God having out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer. (Eph. 1:3,4; 2 Thess. 2:13; Rom. 5:21; Acts 13:8; Jer. 31:33)

Scripture Reading: Ephesians 1:3–10

“Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places, even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. In love he predestined us for adoption to himself as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will, to the praise of his glorious grace, with which he has blessed us in the Beloved. In him we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace, which he lavished upon us, in all wisdom and insight making known to us the mystery of his will, according to his purpose, which he set forth in Christ as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.” (Ephesians 1:3–10, ESV)

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Introduction

The catechism has been all bad news from questions 16 through 22. In those questions and answers, we learned all about Adam’s sin and its terrible effects on the whole human race. Here in question 23, we hear good news.

Again, the question: Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery? 

Before we go to the answer, it should be acknowledged that God would have been right to leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery. God would have done no wrong –  he would have been perfectly right and just – to leave men and women in their sins and to give them what they deserve. 

Now, for the good news. 

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The Good News

The first word in the answer to our question is “God…” That is significant. If mercy and grace were to be shown to man, if salvation were to be provided, God had to take the initiative. Man in sin is in a helpless and hopeless state of being. If salvation were to be provided, God had to act. 

Next, our catechism says, “having…” “God having…” Having is past tense, notice. So, we are about to learn about something that God did “before” Adam fell into sin. I say “before” knowing that that is not a completely accurate way of speaking about God’s determination to offer grace to fallen man, for God is not bound by time in the way we are. Soon, we will learn that God determined to show grace to man “in eternity”. That is the more accurate way to put it.  

Back to our answer: “God, having out of His mere good pleasure…” our catechism says. The words, “out of his mere good pleasure” speak to what motivated God. What motivated God to show grace to sinful man? Was it something deserving in man? Did someone convince, or pressure God to show grace? No. God determined to show grace from within himself, “out of his mere good pleasure.”  The most famous of all Bible verses, John 3:16, speaks to this when it says, “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16, ESV). What “moved” the Father to send the Son to accomplish redemption? The perfection of his love “moved” him to provide a Savior. In other words, it was not something outside of God that moved him, but something from within, namely, the perfection of his love and mercy. 

When did God determine to show grace to fallen man? Here it is stated with precision. “From all eternity”, our catechism says. This truth that God determined to save sinners “before” Adam sinned and “from all eternity” is found in many places in the Scriptures. In my mind, the clearest of these passages are the ones that contain the phrase, “before the foundation of the world”. Clearly, these texts are speaking about something that happened before the heavens, earth, and even time itself, were made. 

In Ephesians 1:4 we learn that God “chose [those who believe]  in [Christ]  before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him” (Ephesians 1:4, ESV). 1 Peter 1:20 says that “[Christ] was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was made manifest in the last times for the sake of you…” (1 Peter 1:20, ESV). In John 17:24 we hear the prayer of Jesus to the Father, wherein he says, “I desire that they also, whom you have given me, may be with me where I am, to see my glory that you have given me because you loved me before the foundation of the world” (John 17:24, ESV). Lastly, in Revelation 13:8 we hear about “the book of life of the Lamb who was slain” that was “written before the foundation of the world” (Revelation 13:8, ESV).

All of these texts clearly teach that God determined to show grace to sinners and to bring them to salvation through a redeemer, Christ the Lord, before the world was made, before man fell into sin, and in eternity.

What in particular did God do in eternity? Our catechism is right to say that he “elected some to everlasting life…” This is the doctrine of election or predestination, which is clearly taught in the Holy Scriptures. 

Again, Ephesians 1:4 says that God “chose us in [Christ]  before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him” (Ephesians 1:4, ESV). Verses 5 and 6 continue, saying, “he predestined us for adoption to himself as sons through Jesus Christ, according to the purpose of his will, to the praise of his glorious grace, with which he has blessed us in the Beloved” (Ephesians 1:5–6, ESV).

There are many other places where this doctrine is taught. In John 17 Jesus speaks of those given to him by the Father in eternity. In Colossians 3:12, those in Christ are called “chosen ones”. Romans 8:33, 9:11, 11:7, 2 Timothy 2:10, Titus 1:1, 1 Peter 1:1, and 2 Peter 1:10 all use the language of election to refer to the believer. Those who are united to Christ by faith are said to be the elect or elected by God. This is another way of saying that those who place their faith in Christ in time were first chosen by God in eternity

And I suppose now would be a good time to remind you of what motivated God to choose, elect, or predestine some (and to leave others in their sin).  It was not something deserving in the creature, but out of God’s mere good pleasure. In other words, this election was by the grace of God alone. There is no room for boasting, therefore. And this is what Paul famously says in Ephesians 2:8-9: “For by grace you have been saved through faith. And this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works, so that no one may boast” (Ephesians 2:8–9, ESV).

So we have learned about what God did in eternity. Now we will learn about what God has done in time. “God having out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.”

When and with whom was this Covenant of Grace made? Not within God in eternity, but between God and man in time.  

If we wish to be more precise (which is, in fact, important here) we must say that this Covenant of Grace was ratified when Jesus Christ lived, died, rose again, and ascended to the Father. That is when the Covenant of Grace was made. But we must also admit that the saving power of this covenant was present in the world before Christ’s death and resurrection. Indeed, the saving power of this Covenant of Grace was present in the world even in the days of Adam. Shortly after Adam fell into sin a promise was made that God would provide a Savior who would, in the fullness of time, arise from the offspring of the women. 

All who have ever been saved from their sins – be it Adam, Abraham, Moses, David, or any other who lived in their days – were saved by faith in the promised Messiah.   

The Covenant of Grace is the New Covenant of which Jeremiah 31:31 spoke. The Covenant of Grace is the one mediated by Jesus Christ. It is the one that was instituted on the night Jesus was betrayed, when he said, “Take, eat; this is my body.” And taking a cup, and having given thanks he gave it to them, saying, “Drink of it, all of you, for this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:26–28, ESV). It is this covenant, the New Covenant, that is the Covenant of Grace. This covenant alone provides for the forgiveness of sins through faith in Christ, who is the mediator of this covenant, and who atoned for sins through the shedding of his blood. 

We have already learned about covenants. Remember, a covenant of works was made with Adam in the garden. It is called a covenant of works because Adam had to work (or obey) to obtain the blessing of that covenant. Why then is the New Covenant called the Covenant of Grace? It is because in this covenant the work has been done for us by Christ. The only thing for us to do is to believe, and we have already heard in Ephesians 2:8 that the ability to believe is itself a gift from God. 

This covenant – the Covenant of Grace – is not a covenant of works for us. It is a Covenant of Grace. In this covenant, God has promised to “deliver [his elect] out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.“

Please allow me to make just a few remarks about the phrases, “to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.”

One, notice the language of “estate” again. Man was created in an estate of innocence. When man sinned, he fell into an estate of sin and misery. But those who have faith in the promised Messiah are brought into another state of being. They are transferred into an estate of salvation. 

Our confession of faith calls this estate “the state of grace”.  Listen to the way 2LCF 9.4 describes this state of being. “When God converts a sinner, and translates him into the state of grace, he frees him from his natural bondage under sin, and by his grace alone enables him freely to will and to do that which is spiritually good; yet so as that by reason of his remaining corruptions, he does not perfectly, nor only will that which is good, but does also will that which is evil.”

Two, our catechism does not only talk about the estate that the elect are brought into when they believe upon Christ, but also the estate from which they are freed, namely the estate of sin and misery.  Again, in the Covenant of Grace God promises to “deliver [his elect] out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.”

Thirdly, notice that this salvation is obtained, not by works, but through faith in a Redeemer, Christ Jesus the Lord. 

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Conclusion

So here is the good news. Though man fell into sin and was hopelessly lost in an estate of sin and misery, having “lost communion with God”, being “under His wrath and curse”, and being “made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever”, “God having out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation, by a Redeemer.” The Redeemer is Christ the Lord. “whoever believes in him [will] not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him. Whoever believes in him is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only Son of God” (John 3:16–18, ESV).

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Catechetical Sermon: Did God Leave All Mankind To Perish In The Estate Of Sin And Misery?, Baptist Catechism 23

Sermon: Be Careful How You Perceive Christ, Luke 11:29-36

Old Testament Reading: Jonah 1:17–3:2

“And the LORD appointed a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. Then Jonah prayed to the LORD his God from the belly of the fish, saying, ‘I called out to the LORD, out of my distress, and he answered me; out of the belly of Sheol I cried, and you heard my voice. For you cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and the flood surrounded me; all your waves and your billows passed over me. Then I said, ‘I am driven away from your sight; yet I shall again look upon your holy temple.’ The waters closed in over me to take my life; the deep surrounded me; weeds were wrapped about my head at the roots of the mountains. I went down to the land whose bars closed upon me forever; yet you brought up my life from the pit, O LORD my God. When my life was fainting away, I remembered the LORD, and my prayer came to you, into your holy temple. Those who pay regard to vain idols forsake their hope of steadfast love. But I with the voice of thanksgiving will sacrifice to you; what I have vowed I will pay. Salvation belongs to the LORD!’ And the LORD spoke to the fish, and it vomited Jonah out upon the dry land. Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah the second time, saying, ‘Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it the message that I tell you.’” (Jonah 1:17–3:2, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 11:29–36

“When the crowds were increasing, he began to say, ‘This generation is an evil generation. It seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah. For as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so will the Son of Man be to this generation. The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here. The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here. No one after lighting a lamp puts it in a cellar or under a basket, but on a stand, so that those who enter may see the light. Your eye is the lamp of your body. When your eye is healthy, your whole body is full of light, but when it is bad, your body is full of darkness. Therefore be careful lest the light in you be darkness. If then your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be wholly bright, as when a lamp with its rays gives you light.’” (Luke 11:29–36, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

Jesus Christ is the light of the world. This is what he claimed. In John 8:12 we hear Christ say, “I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life” (John 8:12, ESV). Jesus Christ is the light of the world because he is the eternal Word of God incarnate. He reveals the Father to us and the way of man’s salvation. He is the Messiah, the only Redeemer of God’s elect. He is the way, the truth, and life. No one comes to the Father except through him (John 14:6). Jesus is the light of the world, but this does not mean that everyone will perceive him as such. Many are blind, spiritually speaking. Just as a man who is physically blind cannot perceive the light of a lamp when it is brought into a dark room, neither can those who are spiritually blind perceive the light of Christ, the eternal Word of God incarnate. But some will perceive his light. This is because God has mercifully healed their blindness so that they might see the light of the Son of God. 

This reality, that some will perceive the light of Christ whereas many will not, is observed throughout Jesus’ earthly ministry as recorded in the gospels. In Luke, we find a record of the teaching of Jesus and his performance of many miracles. His teaching was full of light and life. His miracles functioned as signs that shined brightly to illuminate the truthfulness of his words and to verify his claims. Christ healed the sick, cast out demons, and even raised the dead to shine light on the fact that his words were true and that he was from God. Some could perceive the light of Christ. Twelve Apostles followed after him (but one was a devil). Around the twelve there were seventy disciples. And around the seventy, there were many more who could perceive that Jesus was the Son of God incarnate, the Messiah, and the Redeemer who came down from heaven. But there were many others who, though they heard the same words and witnessed the same signs, could not perceive him to be the Son of God. Note this: it was not the light that was different. The light that shined upon those who received Jesus as Lord and those who rejected him was the same. The difference was in the eye of the beholder. By the grace of God, those who perceived Jesus to be the Messiah, the Redeemer of God’s elect, and who followed after him, had eyes to see. Those who rejected him did so because they could not perceive his light, being blinded by sin. 

Here in Luke 11, we find two startling examples of this blindness.  In Luke 11:14 we are told that Christ cast a demon out of a man who was mute. As a result, “the mute man spoke, and the people marveled” (Luke 11:14, ESV). This miracle pressed the people to come to a conclusion about Jesus’ identity. And it is important to remember that this wasn’t the first miracle performed by our Lord. By this point, Jesus had delivered many teachings and performed many miracles to show that his words were true. Undoubtedly, those who heard his words and witnessed his deeds increasingly felt the pressure to decide which side they would take. In fact, Christ warned of this in Luke 11:23, saying, “Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters” (Luke 11:23, ESV). Once you hear about Jesus, his words, and his works, you cannot remain neutral. You are either for him or against him.  

By this point in Jesus’ ministry, three types of people emerged. Some were decidedly for Jesus. They were his disciples. Some were decidedly opposed to him. These are the ones who began to say, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons” (Luke 11:15, ESV). These, if you remember, could not deny that Jesus performed the miracle. But so hardhearted were they – so blinded by their sin – they had to find some way to reject him. And so they claimed that his power to cast our demons came from Satan. Christ answered their accusation in the passage we considered last Sunday. But there was another group. They did not follow Jesus, and neither did they go so far as to attribute his works to the power of Satan. They remained somewhere in the middle. They, “to test him, kept seeking from him a sign from heaven” (Luke 11:16, ESV).

It is to this group that Jesus turns his attention in the passage that is open before us today. First, (in verses 29-32) Jesus speaks a condemning word. After that, in verses 33-36, he warns his audience to be careful how they perceive him lest the light they have received be darkness in them. 

Let us walk through the text together this morning beginning with the condemning words of Jesus. 

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Jesus Condemns Our Evil Unbelief (vs. 29-32)

In verse 29 we read, “When the crowds were increasing, [Jesus] began to say, ‘This generation is an evil generation. It seeks for a sign…” (Luke 11:29a, ESV).

When Christ spoke of “this generation” he was referring to the people alive during his earthly ministry, particularly the adults. When he called them an “evil generation, ” he condemned them for their unbelief. Clearly, he was not referring to his disciples, but to those who did not believe him or follow after him. Many such people lived in Jesus’ day. They heard his words and witnessed his deeds, yet remained in unbelief. 

Notice that Christ especially condemned them because they sought a sign. This rebuke delivered by Jesus reminds us of what is written in Luke 11:16. After Christ cast the mute demon out of a man, some in the crowd said, ‘He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons,’ while others, to test him, kept seeking from him a sign from heaven” (Luke 11:15–16, ESV). As you can see, the problem was not that the people desired to see a sign to know that Jesus was who he claimed to be. The claims of Jesus were extraordinary. In a sense, it is right for men and women to seek to be convinced even by signs. And Jesus was not opposed to performing signs and wonders. His conception and birth were miraculous. His earthly ministry was marked by the working of signs and wonders. He healed the sick, raised the dead, cast out demons, fed great multitudes, and calmed the stormy sea by the power of his word. The problem was not that people desired a sign to be convinced Jesus was who he claimed to be, the Messiah, the Son of God incarnate. No, the problem was that they were never satisfied. Though the multitudes heard his words, they did not really hear him. And though they witnessed his mighty deeds, they did not really see them. And so they refused to repent and remained in their unbelief. 

No doubt, Jesus’ generation was evil. Very few were blessed to “hear the word of God and keep it!” (see Luke 11:28). But the same is true of our generation. There are many in our generation who toy around with Jesus. Many are interested in him. Many, like the crowds mentioned in verse 29, follow after Jesus superficially. Some are looking for a sign. Many in our day and age are desiring an emotional experience. But few “hear the word of God and keep it.” Yet this is what true followers of Christ will do. True followers of Christ will “hear the word of God and keep it.” They will receive Christ as the Messiah, the Redeemer of God’s elect, and the King of God’s kingdom and they will trust and obey him. “If you love me, you will keep my commandments”, Christ says (John 14:15, ESV). If you are toying with Jesus – if you are following him superficially and insincerely – I must exhort you to stop.  If Christ is to be your Savior he must be your Lord. Those who have Christ as Lord and Savior will not follow him in an uncommitted way, seeking one more sign or one more experience. No, those who have Christ as Lord and Savior will trust and obey him.

“When the crowds were increasing, [Jesus] began to say, ‘This generation is an evil generation. It seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah. For as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so will the Son of Man be to this generation” (Luke 11:29–30, ESV).

What do these words mean? What is the “sign of Jonah” that Christ refers to here?

To know, we must first remember the story of Jonah. Jonah lived nearly 800 years before the birth birth if Christ. He was a prophet, that is to say, a man of God called to preach the Word of God. For a time, Jonah was a rebellious prophet. God called him to go to the city of Ninevah – a city known for its wickedness and injustice – to announce that judgment was soon coming, and to call them to repentence. He did not want to go because he despised the Ninevites. They were enemies of God’s people, and so he ran away from the call of God. He boarded a ship and began to sail in the opposite direction. But the Lord stopped Jonah. “But the LORD hurled a great wind upon the sea, and there was a mighty tempest on the sea, so that the ship threatened to break up” (Jonah 1:4, ESV). It was made known that Jonah was running from the Lord and that this storm was a result of his rebellion. You may recall that the sailors reluctantly threw him overboard to appease the wrath of God. Jonah was swallowed by a great fish. After three days, the great fish brought him back to the shore and vomited him on the dry land. This story is told in Jonah chapters 1 and 2. And in Jonah 3:1 we read, “Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah the second time, saying, ‘Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it the message that I tell you.’ So Jonah arose and went to Nineveh, according to the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, three days’ journey in breadth. Jonah began to go into the city, going a day’s journey. And he called out, ‘Yet forty days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown!’ And the people of Nineveh believed God. They called for a fast and put on sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least of them” (Jonah 3:1–5, ESV). This is the story that Jesus referred to when he said, “No sign will be given to [this generation] except the sign of Jonah.”

Secondly, to understand Jesus’ words we must see that Jonah was a type of Christ. The Old Testament Scriptures contain many types that find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ.  What is a type? It is a person, event, institution, or some other thing, recorded for us in the Old Testament Scriptures that, when we look back upon them, are seen to have a prophetic, forward-looking quality to them,  finding their ultimate and escalated fulfillment in the person, work, or reward of Jesus Christ. Types are, 1)  historical persons, events, institutions, or things mentioned in the pages of Holy Scripture. 2) Types are analogical. In other words, there is something about the historical person, event, institution or thing that corresponds to Christ, his person, work, or reward in an anological way. The principle is, this historical person, event, institution, or thing found in the Old Testement functioned as an analogy of that which we see in Christ. 3) Types always point forward to and anticipate the antitype. 4) There is always escalation as we move from the type to the antitype. The type was real. The type may have been very great. But the antitype – Christ, his person, work, and reward – is greater. 5) The relationship between the type and antitype is seen more clearly as we look back upon the type now that the antitype has come. 

This principle of typology might sound strange to your ears. In reality, it is everywhere in the pages of Holy Scripture. In fact, apart from this principle of typology, you will have a difficult time fully appreciating the Old Testament and its relationship to Christ. Jesus Christ taught that the law, the prophets, and the Psalms (that is to say, the whole of the Old Testament) find their fulfillment in him (see Luke 24), and one of the ways in which the Old Testament Scriptures point forward to Jesus Christ, his person, work, and reward is through typology. 

The Scriptures clearly teach this. In Romans 5:14 Paul tells us that Adam “was a type of the one who was to come” (Romans 5:14, ESV). The Greek word translated as “type” is τύπος. One Greek dictionary provides this definition for the word: “a model or example which anticipates or precedes a later realization—‘archetype, figure, foreshadow, symbol’” (Louw Nidam 592). Adam was a type of Christ. Adam was a model or anticipation of Christ. Adam foreshadowed Christ. How so? Adam was the federal head or representative of the Covenant of Works. When Adam sinned, all sinned in him. And Christ is the federal head or representative of the Covenant of Grace. He lived, died, and rose again in the place of others. All who are united to Christ by faith receive his benefits. As Paul says elsewhere, “For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive” (1 Corinthians 15:22, ESV). Adam and Jesus Christ are very different in some respects. But they share some important things in common. Adam was a type of Christ.

You must see that typology is a deeply biblical principle. Jesus Christ, his person, work, and reward, was revealed before he was born, and this revelation is recorded for us in the Old Testament Scriptures. There we find explicit prophesies concerning him. And there we also find prophecies in the form of types. The more we grow familiar with the Scriptures, the easier it will be for us to see these types and to perceive how they find their fulfillment in Christ. 

Consider, for example, the story of Abraham offering up Isaac his son on the mountain and the ram that God provided as a substitute (see Genesis 22). Isaac was a type of Christ and that event anticipated the offering up of the Son of God as a substitute for sinners. Issaic and the ram were types. Jesus Christ is the antitype. Jesus is much greater. 

Consider also how God delivered the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He poured out ten plagues. The tenth was the death of the firstborns of Egypt. God’s people were shielded from death by the blood of the lamb spread upon the doorposts of their homes. The blood of the Passover lamb typified (anticipated) the blood of Christ. The Passover lamb was great. Jesus Christ, the lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, is greater. The redemption that God worked for Old Covenant Israel through Moses was great. The redemption that Christ has accomplished for elect Israel is much greater.    

The Old Testament is packed full of types of Jesus Christ. His person, works, and earned rewards, are the antitype to them all. Consider the priest-king Melchizedek. Consider the great prophet of God, Moses. Consider the Exodus. Consider the mana from heaven, the water from the rock, and the snake lifted up from the earth on the pole for the salvation of sinners. Consider the Tabernacle and later the Temple. Consider the sacrifices offered up there by the priests of Israel. All of these people, institutions events, and things were pregnant with meaning. There was something analogical about this. They had a prophetic quality to them. They were forward-looking. They anticipated the arrival of someone and something greater. He is Christ the Lord, the great Prophet, Priest, and King of God’s people.   

Now, what does this have to do with Jonah and the “sign of Jonah” of which Christ spoke? Answer: We must see that Jonah was a type of Christ. Jonah was a prophet of God. Christ is the prophet of God who has come down from heaven. Jonah was to call the people of Ninevah to repentance. Christ calls all of the nations of the earth to repentence. Before calling Ninevah to repentance, Jonah was in the belly of a great fish for three days. He descended into the deep abyss. But that was not the end of him. He saw the light of day again after the great fish gave him up and deposited him back on the shore. From there, he completed his mission. Christ, the great prophet of God, would also descend. After his death on the cross, his body would be placed in the grave. His soul would descend to Sheol. But the Lord raised him up. Sheol could not keep him. The grave could not restrain him. On the third day, he was raised. From there, he would carry out his work of calling the nations to repentance through is disciples. Jonah was a type of Christ. The death, burial, descent, and resurrection of Jesus Christ were anticipated and foreshadowed in Jonah’s experience in the belly of the fish and in the depths of the sea. Jonah was a type. Jesus is the antitype. But Jesus is much greater. Jonah was, for a time, a rebellious prophet. Jesus is ever faithful and true. Jonah was taken into the belly of a great fish and resurrected from there – a marvelous and miraculous thing, no doubt. But the body of Jesus Christ was taken down in the grave and his soul into Sheol. It was from the grave and Sheol that Christ was raised. In this way, he defeated death for his people and set captives free. Finally, Jonah went on to minister the Word of God to the people of Ninevah, calling them to repentance. Jesus Christ is effectually calling his elect from every tongue, tribe, and nation through the preaching of the gospel and by his Spirit. He will bring many sons and daughters to glory. Jonah was a type of Christ. Christ is the antitype. Christ is much greater than Jonah.

1 Corinthians 15:3-4 is a very interesting text. Would you turn there with me? Here Paul the Apostle writes to Christians in Corinth, saying, “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures…” (1 Corinthians 15:3–4, ESV). Let me ask you, what Scriptures did Paul have in mind when he said that “Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures…” What Scriptures? Paul was referring to the Old Testament Scriptures. Christ died, was buried, and was raised from the dead on the third day, “in accordance with” or we might say, in fulfillment of the Scriptures, that is to say, the Old Testament Scriptures. Paul’s view was that the Old Testament – the Scriptures written many hundreds of years before Christ was born – revealed that the Messiah would live, die, be buried, and rise from the dead on the third day. So then, Christ is present in the Old Testement. The gospel of Jesus Christ can be found there. Brothers and sisters, let me ask you, where in the Old Testament do we find prophesies that point forward to the resurrection of the Messiah from the dead? There are many texts:

Psalm 16:10-11 is about the Messiah. It says,For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption. You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore” (Psalm 16:10–11, ESV). So, the soul of Messiah would not be abandoned or left in Sheol. His body would not be left to decompose in the grave. This is about the resurrection of Christ. 

Isaiah 53:10 is also about the Messiah. It says, “Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt…” This is about the suffering and death of the Messiah. But the text goes on to say, “he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand” (Isaiah 53:10, ESV). After suffering and death, there is life. This is about the resurrection of Christ.

Also, Hebrews 11:19 shows us that the story about Abraham offering up his son Isaac on the mountain is to be interpreted as a type (or parable) of the resurrection of Abraham’s greater son, Jesus, from the dead. There the writer of the book of Hebrews says that Abraham “considered that God was able even to raise him from the dead, from which, figuratively speaking [παραβολῇ], he did receive him back” (Hebrews 11:19, ESV). So, that event in the life of Abraham and Isaac functioned as a kind of parable of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, the son of Abraham, the son of David, the Son of God. 

Add to this the fact that God promised King David a son whose reign and kingdom would never end (see 2 Samuel 7:13). Furthermore, in Psalm 110:4 it is revealed that this son of David, who is also David’s Lord, would be a “priest forever after the order of Melchizedek” (Psalm 110:4, ESV). The writer to the Hebrews makes much of this when he says that Jesus is our great High Priest, “not on the basis of a legal requirement concerning bodily descent, but by the power of an indestructible life” (Hebrews 7:16, ESV). When you combine these texts that speak of the Messiah’s everlasting rule and unending priesthood with the texts that teach that the Messiah must suffer and die, it is clear that the Messiah would have to be raised from the dead. 

There are many passages in the Old Testament that prophesy, in one way or another, about Christ’s resurrection. But notice this: In 1 Corinthians 15:4 Paul the Apostle does not only say that Christ died, was buried, and rose again in accordance with the Scriptures. No, he says that Christ “was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures…” So the question is, where does the Old Testament teach (prophesy) that the Messiah would be raised on the third day? Answer: nowhere, explicitly, but in the story of Jonah, typologically. 

In fact, other texts hint at the third-day resurrection. Some have noticed that the third day is often emphasized as a day of importance in the Old Testament Scriptures. John Gill, in his commentary on 1 Corinthians 15, says, ​​”The Jews take a particular notice of the third day as remarkable for many things they observe, as of the ‘third day Abraham lift up his eyes’, Gen. 22:4; of ‘the third day of the tribes’, Gen. 42:18; of the third ‘day of the spies’, Joshua 3:16; of the third day of the ‘giving of the law’, Exodus 19:16; of the third day of ‘Jonah’, Jonah 1:17; of the third day of them that came ‘out of the captivity’, Ezra 8:15; of the third day of ‘the resurrection of the dead’, as it is written, Hosea 6:1-2.” By the way, Hosea 6:1-2 says, “Come, let us return to the LORD; for he has torn us, that he may heal us; he has struck us down, and he will bind us up. After two days he will revive us; on the third day he will raise us up, that we may live before him” (Hosea 6:1–2, ESV). John Gill goes on to say, “that among the remarkable third days they [the Jews] take notice of, are the two instances of Isaac’s and Jonah’s deliverances, which were Scripture types of Christ’s resurrection.” We are to remember that Issac was delivered from the altar up on the mountain when God provided a substitute. He was received back as if from the dead. And this deliverance came on the third day of their journey (see Genesis 22:4; Hebrews 11:19). And Jonah was delivered from the belly of the fish and from Sheol, metaphorically speaking, after three days. These, Gill says, “were Scripture types of Christ’s resurrection.” He is right. 

Paul says that Christ was “raised from the dead on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures…” Where is the third-day resurrection prophesied in the Old Testament?  Nowhere, explicitly, but in the story of Jonah (and Isaac), typologically. Where did Paul get this idea to interpret these Old Testament Scriptures in this way? We may say, from the Holy Spirit as he carefully examined the Old Testament Scriptures. I think we can also say that Paul was greatly helped by the teaching of Jesus Christ, who said, “For just as Jonah was three days and three nights in the belly of the great fish, so will the Son of Man be three days and three nights in the heart of the earth.” (Matthew 12:40, ESV), and in Luke 11:29 Christ says, “This generation is an evil generation. It seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah” (Luke 11:29, ESV).

What did Christ mean when he said, “no sign will be given to [this generation] except the sign of Jonah”, and “For as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so will the Son of Man be to this generation” (Luke 11:30, ESV). Here Christ was foretelling his death, burial, and resurrection. Christ had shown the people many signs. He worked many miracles to show that he was the Messiah, the Son of God incarnate, the King of God’s everlasting kingdom and that God’s kingdom was present with power. But the people were evil. They were not satisfied. They wanted more and more. And so Christ said, here is the ultimate sign from heaven they will receive. Like Jonah, I will die, descend into the grave and Sheol, and from there I will arise to call men and women to repentance and faith and to warn of impending judgment.  

Christ goes on to condemn the heard-hearted unbelief of his generation. In verse 31 we read, “The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here” (Luke 11:31, ESV).

The queen of the South is the Queen of Sheba. There is a famous story found in 1 Kings 10:1 and 2 Chronicles 9:1 about this Queen – a Gentile Queen – who heard of the wisdom of Solomon, King David’s son, and traveled a great distance, all the way from Arabia,  bringing with her many gifts, to hear the wisdom of Solomon.

I do have the time to tease out the typological significance of this story. I trust you can see it. King Solomon was King David’s son. King Jesus is the greater son of David. The wisdom of King Solomon was very great. The wisdom of King Jesus is much greater. Solomon, the son of David, was a type of Christ, the Son of David. Jesus is much greater. And when the Queen of Sheba traveled thousands of miles to hear the wisdom of King Solomon, it was a foreshadowing or anticipation of the day when God’s elect from all the nations of the earth would flock to King Jesus to hear his word and keep it (see Luke 11:28). In other words, the Queen of Sheba’s journey was typological. 

Here, Christ uses the story of the queen of the south to condemn the Jews who remained in unbelief. This Gentile Queen heard rumors about the wisdom and glory of King Solomon, a mere man. And so she traveled thousands of miles to meet him and to sit at his feet, as it were, to hear him, bringing with her many gifts to pay homage to him. But these Hebrews had someone far greater than Solomon in their midst and they could not see due to the evil in their hearts. And so Christ condemned them with these words, “The queen of the South will rise up at the judgment with the men of this generation and condemn them, for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon, and behold, something greater than Solomon is here” (Luke 11:31, ESV). I do not take this to mean that the queen of the South was saved. The wisdom she heard from Solomon was mere worldly wisdom, as far as I can tell. But she will rise up at the judgment in the midst of those Hebrews who rejected their own Messiah and condemn them by her actions. I do believe the idea is that Christ will point to her and say, here is that Gentile Queen who perceived the wisdom of Solomon and traveled great distances to be in his presence, but you – you who should have known better – you who saw the signs and wonders I performed – you who heard my words and beheld my glory – you saw me but you did not see me. You heard me but you did not hear me. You toyed around with me and only wished to be entertained. This is how the Queen of Sheba will condemn the wicked generation of Hebrews who rejected their own Messiah.

And then Christ says the same thing about the men of Ninevah who repented at the preaching of Jonah. Verse 32: “The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it, for they repented at the preaching of Jonah, and behold, something greater than Jonah is here.” 

The same observations can be made about the men of Ninevah. They were Gentiles. They did not have access to the Scriptures, the covenants, and promises like these Jews did. And they only encountered the preaching of Jonah. And yet they repented at the preaching of Jonah. Something far greater than Jonah had arrived. And yet these, who should have known better, would not receive him. So, “The men of Nineveh will rise up at the judgment with this generation and condemn it… (Luke 11:32, ESV).

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Jesus Calls Us To Perceive Him Correctly And To Receive Him (vs. 33-36)

Verses 33-36 can stand alone. An entire sermon could be devoted to these words of Jesus. I have decided to include them in this sermon because they seem to go with the previous passage. Notice that there is no break in the text itself. Your English translation of the Bible may have inserted a section heading in between the previous passage and this one, but it seems like these words were the conclusion of Jesus’ speech that began in verse 29. I interpret these words of Jesus to be a call (and a warning) to perceive him correctly. It will not take long for me to explain the meaning. 

In this passage, Jesus claims to be the light of the world. Light symbolizes truth. Jesus is “the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through him” (John 14:6, ESV). Jesus is the light world, but for light to benefit people, it must be well received.  

The light of a lamp will not benefit anyone in a dark room if someone covers it with a basket. And yet that is what these unbelieving multitudes were doing with Jesus. His light was shining very brightly in a world filled with darkness. But these men hated the light because their hearts were evil. And so they put a basket over the light of Christ. “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons”, they said (Luke 11:15, ESV). Or, they asked for just one more sign from heaven. And so Christ warned them, saying, “No one after lighting a lamp puts it in a cellar or under a basket, but on a stand, so that those who enter may see the light” (Luke 11:33, ESV). The light of Christ shines brightly in the world. Instead of being covered (or suppressed) it is to be received into the mind and heart and elevated within so that it will give light to your house, that is to say, your soul.

The same principle is communicated in a different way in verse 34. “Your eye is the lamp of your body. When your eye is healthy, your whole body is full of light, but when it is bad, your body is full of darkness” (Luke 11:34, ESV). This is a very beautiful and profound analogy. If you are in a dark room and someone brings a candle in, the light of that candle will serve you well. The light will enter your eye and illuminate the room so that you might perceive how things really are and walk accordingly. At least this is true assuming that your eye is healthy and not diseased. If your eyes are bad, the light that is brought into the dark room will not benefit you in the least. Notice, in both scenarios the light is the same. Those with good and healthy eyes will perceive the light and benefit from it. The light will enter the eyes and bring illumination to the whole body. You are experiencing this right now, aren’t you? Your eyes are open, and so long as they are good and healthy, the light in this room is filling you. The light is illuminating you and enabling you to perceive the reality of the world around you so that you might walk according to the truth. But if you were to close your eyes, you would immediately understand what Christ means when he says, “but when [your eye] is bad, your body is full of darkness” (Luke 11:34, ESV). When you close your eyes, darkness envelopes you, doesn’t it? The light is there, but your eyes are closed, and so you cannot perceive it. And all of this has spiritual meaning. 

The light of Christ shines brightly in the world but it will not be perceived by those who are spiritually blind. And so it was with these men who remained in their unbelief. The glory of Christ shone brightly in front of them, and yet some of them said, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons”, while others asked for one more sign from heaven. And Christ warned them, “Therefore be careful lest the light in you be darkness. If then your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be wholly bright, as when a lamp with its rays gives you light” (Luke 11:35–36, ESV).

This, friends, is an exhortation to perceive Christ correctly and to receive him as the light of the world (see John 8:12) – the way, the truth, and the life (see John 14:6) through whom we must go to come to the Father. And we know that the ability to perceive Christ correctly is itself a gift from God. 

  *****

Conclusion

I’ll conclude now with two brief points of application. 

The first is for those who do not yet know Christ as Lord and Savior. I must warn you, as you listen to the Word of God read and preached, the Light of Christ is shining brightly before you. You must be careful how you perceive him. You must “be careful lest the light in you be darkness” (Luke 11:35, ESV). Do not be like those who attributed the miracles of Christ to the power of Satan. Do not be like those who played around with Jesus, requesting just one more sign from heaven. No, you must receive this Jesus if you are to be saved by him. Do not put his light under a basket. Do not close your eyes to suppress his light so that you might remain in the darkness of your sin. No, you must receive the light of Christ. You must open your eyes and see that Jesus is Lord – he is the Savior God has provided. If you can perceive this, it is because God has opened your blind eyes. If you cannot perceive it, I must exhort you to cry out to God for mercy. Like the deaf man of Mark 7:32, ask Jesus to give you ears to hear his voice. And like the blind men of Matthew 9:27, ask the Lord to give you eyes to see the light of his glory. Pray that God would give you eyes to see and ears to hear, and then hear the word of God and keep it. “Blessed… are those who hear the word of God and keep it!” (Luke 11:28, ESV).

To those who do know Christ as Lord and Savior, I say, you must continue to grow in your knowledge of Jesus Christ – his person, his work, and the rewards he has earned for you. As you grow in your knowledge of him, your faith in him will grow stronger too. And as you grow in your faith, your hope will grow stronger. And as you grow in your faith and hope, your love for God and others will increase. And where must we go to grow in our knowledge of Christ? It is to the Scriptures we must go, the Old Testament and the New. 

This point of application, to grow in the knowledge of Christ, must not be disregarded as simplistic and superficial. Some of you are entangled with sin. Some are plagued with doubts and anxieties. The remedy is Jesus. We must know Jesus. And if we know him by faith, we must grow in our knowledge of him so that our faith, hope, and love would be strong and true.

Listen, if you have Jesus as Lord and Savior – if you are united to him by faith – it is because “God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ” (2 Corinthians 4:6, ESV). But we are not to stagnate, dear brothers and sisters. No, we are to grow in our knowledge of Christ. And so I pray for you as Paul prayed for the believers in Ephesus. “I do not cease to give thanks for you, remembering you in my prayers, that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and of revelation in the knowledge of him, having the eyes of your hearts enlightened, that you may know what is the hope to which he has called you, what are the riches of his glorious inheritance in the saints, and what is the immeasurable greatness of his power toward us who believe, according to the working of his great might that he worked in Christ when he raised him from the dead and seated him at his right hand in the heavenly places, far above all rule and authority and power and dominion, and above every name that is named, not only in this age but also in the one to come. And he put all things under his feet and gave him as head over all things to the church, which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all” (Ephesians 1:16–23, ESV).

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Luke 11:29-36, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Sermon: Be Careful How You Perceive Christ, Luke 11:29-36

Catechetical Sermon: What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell?, Baptist Catechism 22

Baptist Catechism 22

Q. 22. What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell?

A. All mankind, by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever. (Gen. 3:8,24; Eph. 2:3; Gal. 3:10; Rom. 6:23; Matt. 25:41-46; Ps. 9:17)

*****

Questions 16 – 22 of our catechism are about the fall of man from the estate of innocency into the estate of sin and misery. We have learned what sin is. We have learned what Adam’s first sin was. And we have been taught that it was not Adam alone who fell into sin, but all humanity with him.  Humanity now exists in a state of sin and misery. Question 21 of our catechism asks, Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell? And answers: The sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. Here in Baptist Catechism 22, the focus turns to the misery of the estate whereunto man fell.

Question 22 is last on the topic of man’s fall into sin, and it is the heaviest of them all.  It asks, What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?  In other words, what miseries, afflictions, and torments came upon the human race when Adam fell into sin?  Answer: All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, are under his wrath and curse, and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever.

Notice, five miseries are mentioned.  It should also be noted that each one of these miseries is remedied through faith in Jesus Christ. 

The first misery mentioned is the loss of communion with God.  To commune with God is to enjoy a close and right relationship with him.  Adam and Eve enjoyed sweet communion with God in the garden.  They walked with God.  They were at peace with him. They enjoyed his presence.  Sin ruined that.  Genesis 3:8 describes something that happened after man sinned.  It says, “And [Adam and Eve] heard the sound of the LORD God walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and the man and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God among the trees of the garden.”  Prior to man’s fall into sin, God’s presence in the garden-temple would have been pure pleasure.  After man’s fall into sin, God’s presence was a terror to the man and the women, for no longer were they right with him.  They were now rebels and traitors.  Their communion with God was broken.  At the end of Genesis 3, we see that God cast the man and the women out of the garden.  Earlier I referred to the garden as a temple, for that is what it was.  It was a holy place set apart from the rest of creation wherein Adam and Eve enjoyed the presence of God as they worshiped and served him. 

The loss of communion with God is the first misery mentioned, one, because it is the first misery Adam and Eve experienced. When God approached them as he had done before, they were, for the first time, overwhelmed with a sense of shame and dread. They had sinned against God.  They were now enemies of God. Two, this is the first misery mentioned because it is most fundamental.  Our biggest and saddest problem is that we are, by nature, enemies of God and alienated from him.  Do you remember Westminster Shorter Catechism 1?  Question: What is the chief end of man?  Answer: Man’s chief end is to glorify God, and to enjoy him forever.  Our biggest and saddest problem — our chiefest misery — is that we are unable to glorify God and to enjoy him because of sin. 

This is the problem that Jesus Christ came to fix.  Listen to Colossians 1:21-22.  There Paul speaks to Christians, saying. “And you, who once were alienated and hostile in mind, doing evil deeds, [Christ] has now reconciled in his body of flesh by his death, in order to present you holy and blameless and above reproach before him…” (Colossians 1:21–22, ESV).

The second misery mentioned is the misery of falling under God’s wrath and curse.  God’s wrath is on sinners because he is holy and just — he cannot not punish sin (see Romans 3:21-26).  God’s curse has fallen on sinners.  What curse?  The curses of the covenant of life or works that were revealed to Adam in the beginning.  God said, “In the day that you eat of it you shall surely die” (Genesis 2:17).  The curses of the covenant fell upon humanity when Adam sinned. 

Christ came to save those who trust in him from the wrath of God. Romans 5:9-11 says, “Since, therefore, we have now been justified by [Christ’s] blood, much more shall we be saved by him from the wrath of God.  For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God by the death of his Son, much more, now that we are reconciled, shall we be saved by his life.  More than that, we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation.”

Christ has rescued his people from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for them.  Galatians 3:13-14 says, “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us — for it is written, ‘Cursed is everyone who is hanged on a tree’ — so that in Christ Jesus the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles, so that we might receive the promised Spirit through faith.”  Those united to Christ by faith are rescued from the curse of the law.  These are given the blessing of Abraham instead.  This is true of the Jew and also the Gentile. 

The third misery mentioned are the miseries of this life.  Life in the fallen world is filled with difficulty, suffering, trials, tribulations, and tears.  You can see this clearly throughout the Bible.  The miseries of life appear for the first time in the curse that God pronounced upon Adam and Eve as recorded in Genesis 3:16-19. The curses pronounced there clarify what was meant by the words, “in the day that you eat of it you shall surely die” (Genesis 2:17).  Adam and Eve did eventually die (in fact, the Scriptures tell us they lived a very long life).  But they entered into a state of death — the estate of sin and misery — on the very day they ate of the forbidden tree.

Christ came to deliver his people from the miseries of life.  How so?  In two ways: One, God uses the miseries of this life for good in the lives of his people.  The trials, tribulations, and tears of life are redeemed by Christ and used for good.  Romans 8:28 teaches this. There we read, “And we know that for those who love God all things work together for good, for those who are called according to his purpose.”  And this is why the Christian can obey the command of James 1:2-4, which says, “Count it all joy, my brothers, when you meet trials of various kinds, for you know that the testing of your faith produces steadfastness.  And let steadfastness have its full effect, that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.”  In this way, the miseries of this life have been redeemed by Christ.  God promises to use them for our good.  The Christian must know that life’s miseries are not meaningless or purposeless.  Two, Christ has redeemed us from the miseries of this life in that he will bring his people safely into the new heavens and earth where sin and suffering will be no more. Revelation chapters 21 and 22 provide us with a beautiful picture of the new heavens and earth.  You should read that section of Scripture sometime soon.  By the way, when you do, you should look out for imagery drawn from Genesis 1 and 2.  It is in Revelation 21:3-4 that we hear the Apostle John say, “And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, ‘Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man.  He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.  He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away.’”  Can you see that Christ came to redeem us from the miseries of this life?

The fourth misery mentioned is death itself.  Perhaps you have noticed this pattern: everyone who lives dies eventually.  Human beings are strange creatures.  They know this to be true, but they often live as if it will never happen to them.  The pattern is observable in the world.  People live and eventually, they die.  And the pattern is observable in Scripture, too.  In fact, this pattern is stressed in Genesis 5.  There is a phrase that is repeated over and over again in that text.  So and so lived for this many years, and he died, and he died, and he died.  It’s as if God is saying, you had better wake up to the fact that the “wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.”  That is Romans 6:23.

Christ came to rescue his people from death. This does not mean that God’s people will not experience physical death.  No, God’s people will die, too, unless alive when Christ returns (see 1 Thessalonians 4:17).  Christ has rescued us from death in two ways.  One, in Christ we have eternal life.  Those with faith in Christ go to be with the Lord in the soul when they die physically. Baptist Catechism 40 will have more to say about this.  And on the last day, the bodies of those united to Christ by faith will be raised and reunited with the soul to live forever and ever.  Baptist Catechism 41 has more to say about this.  In this way, Christ has rescued us from death. Two, he has freed us from the fear of death even now. 

This is what Paul the Apostle rejoices over in 1 Corinthians 15:53-57.  There we read, “When the perishable puts on the imperishable, and the mortal puts on immortality…”  He is here speaking of the resurrection day.  “… then shall come to pass the saying that is written…”  He then refers to Isaiah 25:8 and Hosea 13:14, saying, “‘Death is swallowed up in victory.’  ‘O death, where is your victory?  O death, where is your sting?’  The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law.  But thanks be to God, who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.”  Why is Christ able to give this victory to those who are united to him by faith? Because he defeated death for us as the second and greater Adam by tasting death for us and rising again on the third day. 

The fifth misery mentioned is the eternal torments of hell.  Do the Scriptures teach that those who die in their sins and apart from Christ will be punished forever and ever in hell?  Yes, indeed.  Jesus taught this as recorded in Matthew 25:41: “Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.”  2 Thessalonians 1:9 says, “They will suffer the punishment of eternal destruction, away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might…” Revelation 20:14-15 portrays hell as a lake of fire, saying, “Then Death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire.  This is the second death, the lake of fire.  And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.”

People, even many pastors today, don’t like to talk about hell.  I don’t like to talk about either, but it is a truth that must be told.  The truth is, this is one of the miseries Christ came to save his people from.  Immediately after the picture of hell found in Revelation 20:14-15, we find a vision of the new heavens and earth.  Christ came to save his people from hell and to bring them safely into the new heavens and earth which he has earned through his obedient life, sacrificial death, and victorious resurrection.

*****

Conclusion

Q. 22. What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell?

A. All mankind, by their fall lost communion with God, are under His wrath and curse, and so made liable to all the miseries of this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell forever. 

With this dark backdrop of man’s sin and misery set into place, we are now in a position to consider the good news about salvation through faith in Jesus Christ the Redeemer, and that is what we will do as we move forward. 

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Catechetical Sermon: What is the misery of that estate whereunto man fell?, Baptist Catechism 22

Sermon: The Strong Man Is Overcome, Luke 11:14-28

Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 53

“Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth. By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people? And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.” (Isaiah 53, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 11:14-28

“Now he was casting out a demon that was mute. When the demon had gone out, the mute man spoke, and the people marveled. But some of them said, ‘He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons,’ while others, to test him, kept seeking from him a sign from heaven. But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, ‘Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a divided household falls. And if Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul. And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges. But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you. When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his goods are safe; but when one stronger than he attacks him and overcomes him, he takes away his armor in which he trusted and divides his spoil. Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters. When the unclean spirit has gone out of a person, it passes through waterless places seeking rest, and finding none it says, ‘I will return to my house from which I came.’ And when it comes, it finds the house swept and put in order. Then it goes and brings seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they enter and dwell there. And the last state of that person is worse than the first.’ As he said these things, a woman in the crowd raised her voice and said to him, ‘Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts at which you nursed!’ But he said, ‘Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!’” (Luke 11:14–28, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

Although this passage of Scripture raises many questions, the main message is clear. Beyond the physical realm that we perceive with our natural senses, there is a spiritual realm. In that spiritual realm, there is a kingdom of darkness that wars against God and oppress men. And clearly, a part of the mission of Jesus Christ was to overthrow this kingdom of darkness, to set captives free, and to bring them into his kingdom of light. These basic truths are wonderfully displayed in the text that is open before us today. But let us now walk through the text together to be sure that we understand its meaning. Afterwards, I will make a few suggestions for application. 

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A Miracle Performed By Jesus: A Mute Demon Cast Out

In verse 14, it is reported that Jesus cast out a demon. There we read, “Now [Jesus] was casting out a demon that was mute. When the demon had gone out, the mute man spoke, and the people marveled” (Luke 11:14, ESV). 

This is not the first time in Luke’s gospel that we have heard about Jesus casting out demons. It seems to have been a regular part of his earthly ministry (see Luke 4:33, 4:41, 8:2 & 8:27). And we should not forget that Christ gave his twelve apostles and the seventy disciples who followed him the power to cast out demons too (see Luke 9:1 & 10:17). This activity of casting out demons was not a rare occurrence but was a central part of Jesus’ earthly ministry.  

Demons are spiritual beings. They are fallen angels. Amongst the fallen angels, there seems to be a hierarchy. Satan, or Lucifer, is their chief. And the Scriptures speak of these demonic forces as having dominion over the world. As you know, Satan and his minions took dominion when man rebelled against God and fell into sin by listening to the voice of Satan. Christ has come to defeat Satan and to overthrow his kingdom of darkness, and Paul says, “[God the Father] has delivered [those who have faith in Christ] from the domain of darkness and transferred us to the kingdom of his beloved Son…” (Colossians 1:13, ESV)

Luke 11:14 says that Jesus was casting out a demon that was mute. The meaning is not that the demon was mute, but that the demon inflicted this man with muteness, that is, he took away the man’s ability to speak. The man was bound and oppressed. He could not use his tongue for its designed purpose, to give thanks and praise to God.  

Some might wonder, is all muteness the result of demon possession or oppression? And what about other ailments? Are all physical ailments to be blamed on Satan and his demons?  Yes and no. Yes, in that all afflictions result from man’s fall into sin. Before sin entered the world, there were no afflictions like this. And if we remember the story of man’s fall into sin, we will recall that it was Satan who tempted Adam to sin through Eve. When Adam rebelled against God as King, he submitted to Satan as king. And so all of the sufferings we see in this world are the result of man’s fall into sin, and Satan’s kingdom of darkness has much to do with that. But this does not mean that every ailment is the direct result of demon possession or oppression. When Adam fell into sin, even the physical world was corrupted. Romans 8:20-21 puts it this way, “For the creation was subjected to futility, not willingly, but because of him who subjected it, in hope that the creation itself will be set free from its bondage to corruption and obtain the freedom of the glory of the children of God” (Romans 8:20–21, ESV). When Adam fell into sin, humanity fell with him into an estate of sin, misery, and death. It is not only our souls that are fallen, but our bodies too. Our bodies are imperfect. We sometimes experience injuries and ailments. All will experience death. And so Paul spoke of the body and its common afflictions in this way: “So we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is wasting away, our inner self is being renewed day by day. For this light momentary affliction is preparing for us an eternal weight of glory beyond all comparison, as we look not to the things that are seen but to the things that are unseen. For the things that are seen are transient, but the things that are unseen are eternal” (2 Corinthians 4:16–18). Though illness, physical defects, and death were not natural when the world was first created, they are a part of the natural order now that man has fallen into an estate of sin and misery.  

Is all muteness the result of demon possession or oppression? No. But this man’s muteness was. So Jesus cast out the demon that was afflicting him with muteness, and “when the demon had gone out, the mute man spoke, and the people marveled” (Luke 11:14, ESV). The people marveled. That is important to see. This miracle, like most of the miracles that Jesus performed, was not done off in a corner somewhere. And it was indisputable that a miracle had been performed. The man was mute. Everyone knew it. And then his tongue was loosed when Jesus cast the demon out, and everyone could see it. The results were clear, obvious, and indisputable. 

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An Accusation Against Jesus: He Casts Out Demons By Beelzebul 

That no one, not even the enemies of Jesus, could dispute that a miracle had been performed is made clear by the dispute that then arose. In verse 15 we read, “But some of them said, ‘He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons’…” (Luke 11:15, ESV). Notice they did not say, he does not really cast out demons, but rather, “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons”.

The word Beelzebul means lord of flies or fly-god. It was common in the days of Christ for the Jews to refer to Satan by this name. This is a fitting name for Satan, isn’t it? Satan is a lord of filth. He is a lord of flies. 

The enemies of Jesus could not deny that he cast out demons. But instead of submitting to his word and receiving him as the Messiah, the Son of God, and the King of God’s kingdom, they doubled down in their opposition to him and attributed his works to Satan. That he was performing miraculous deeds, no one could deny. These opponents of Jesus were pressed into a corner, therefore. They had to explain these miracles. And as time passed, they found themselves with only two options. They could acknowledge that he was from God and that he was doing the works of God, or they could say that he was from Satan and was doing the works of Satan. Some of the opponents of Jesus were so hard-hearted in their opposition to him that they chose the latter of the two options. ‘He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons’…”, they said. 

Notice that others were still on the fence. In verse 16 we read, “While others, to test him, kept seeking from him a sign from heaven” (Luke 11:16, ESV). Many people live this way. They are interested in Jesus. They are open to the possibility that he is who he claims to be – the Messiah, the Son of God incarnate, the King of God’s eternal kingdom. They do not oppose Jesus, but neither do they receive him. They are waiting for a sign. But in fact, the signs have already been given. The accounts of Jesus’ miracles are recorded for us in the pages of Holy Scripture, especially the gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. 

So, among those who had not followed after Jesus were two kinds of people. There were those who had begun to attribute his miraculous deeds to Satan – “He casts out demons by Beelzebul, the prince of demons”, they said. But some wanted to see just one more sign from heaven – they wanted a little more evidence to prove that Jesus was the son of God.

You should know that Jesus responded to both of these groups. First, in verses 17-23 he deals with the accusation that he casts out demons by the power of Satan. And then in verses 29-30, he addresses those who were requesting more signs from heaven, a text we will come to next Sunday, Lord willing.         

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Jesus’ Response: The Kingdom Of God Has Come Upon You

Jesus’ response to the accusation that he cast out demons by Beelzebul begins in verse 17 and runs through verse 23. 

First, Jesus counters their claim by pointing out its absurdity. A kingdom divided against itself cannot stand, he says. 

Beginning in verse 17 we read, “But he, knowing their thoughts, said to them, ‘Every kingdom divided against itself is laid waste, and a divided household falls. And if Satan also is divided against himself, how will his kingdom stand? For you say that I cast out demons by Beelzebul” (Luke 11:17–18, ESV).

The argument Jesus presents is rather simple. Kingdoms and households that are divided will quickly fall. Why would Satan, the king of this kingdom, war against his own kingdom? The theory that Jesus was casting out demons by the power of Satan was absurd. Satan is committed to holding on to his kingdom and advancing it. Why would he war against his own?

In verse 19 we read, “And if I cast out demons by Beelzebul, by whom do your sons cast them out? Therefore they will be your judges” (Luke 11:19, ESV). There are two predominant theories as to who Jesus was referring to when he asked, “by whom do your sons cast them out?” Both theories share this in common: Jesus must have been referring to fellow Jews.

Some believe Jesus was referring to the Jewish exorcists who were active in the days of Christ. Josephus, the Jewish historian, makes mention of Jews who had the power to expel demons (see Josephus’ Antiquity of the Jews, 8.45-46). Whether or not these Jews had the power to cast out demons in the days of Christ is beside the point. If Jesus was referring to these Jewish exorcists when asked, “by whom do your sons cast them out?”, then his argument would go something like this: Why do you praise your sons (your fellow Jews) when they cast out demons (or attempt to do so in the name of the Lord or the patriarchs) but condemn me? And according to this view, when Christ says, “Therefore they will be your judges”, he means, your commendation of them and your condemnation of me for the same act of casting out demons proves your bias, and you stand condemned by them, therefore. Many commentators, including Calvin, hold to this view.

In my opinion, a more natural reading of the text is to interpret Christ’s question, “by whom do your sons cast them out?”, as a reference to Jesus’ own disciples – the twelve and seventy – who had been given authority to cast out demons in Jesus’ name. The disciples of Jesus were all Jews, so he referred to them as “your sons”. According to this view, Jesus argues against the accusation that he casts out demons by Beelzebul by pointing to his twelve apostles and seventy disciples and asking, what about them? They have demonstrated that they have the ability to cast out demons. By whom do they – your sons, and my disciples – cast them out? And what is the answer? They cast out demons in the name of Jesus Christ and not Beelzebul. 

You see, I do believe that this is what opened Jesus up to these accusations. When the Jewish exorcists attempted (pretended perhaps?) to cast out demons, they would do so, not in their own name, but in the name of the Lord, or in the name of some patriarch. But Jesus did not cast out demons in the name of the Lord. Rather, he cast them out by his own power and authority, for he is the Lord, the eternal Son of God incarnate. These enemies of Christ could not bring themselves to confess him as Lord, and so they had to find a way to explain this power he possessed. They could not believe that he possessed this power in himself, and because he did not cast out demons in the name of the Lord or in the name of Abraham or Moses, their only option was to accuse him of colluding with Satan. So, after Jesus highlighted the absurdity of thinking that Satan was warring against himself, he pointed to his disciples – the twelve and the seventy – and asked, then what do you say about your sons, your kinsmen according to the flesh? By whom do your sons cast the demons out? By whose power and in whose name do they do this work? And what is the answer? They were given the ability to cast out demons by Jesus Christ the Lord and in his name. This argument is very powerful, I think. You see, it is all about power. Where is the power coming from? Some of the Jews claimed the power was coming from Satan. But Jesus demonstrated that the power was coming from himself when he pointed to the twelve and the seventy and drew attention to the fact that they were casting out demons in his name. Furthermore, it seems to me that Jesus’ words, “Therefore, they will be your judges”, fit much better with this interpretation, for it is the disciples of Christ, and not the Jewish exorcists, who will participate in the final judgment (see 1 Corinthians 6:2). And so it is my opinion that when Jesus asked, “by whom do your sons cast them out?”, he was referring to his own disciples – the twelve and the seventy – to whom he had given this power and authority (see Luke 9:1 & 10:17).  

In verse 20 we read, “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you” (Luke 11:20, ESV). This is a marvelous saying. As I came to this verse in my sermon preparation, the thought occurred to me that an entire sermon could easily be devoted to this one saying of Jesus, for there is a lot of theology crammed into these words. Let us be content to consider this saying of Jesus briefly and in context.

First of all, it is here in verse 20 that Jesus reveals what was truly happening. The non-believing Jews were very wrong to attribute the works of Christ to Satan (in Matthew’s gospel, this is called blasphemy against the Holy Spirit)  At first, Christ denied their accusations. Satan’s kingdom is not divided. And his disciples cast out demons, not in the name of Beelzebul, but in the name of Jesus. Now here in verse 20, Christ reveals the truth. He was casting out demons by the finger of God. 

Secondly, it is important to know that the “finger of God” is an anthropomorphic way of speaking about the Holy Spirit. God does not have an arm, a hand, or fingers. He is a most pure spirit, invisible, without body, parts, or passions (see 2LCF 2.1). But an arm and fingers are attributed to him in an analogical way to help us understand how God works. When Christ says in luke 11:20, “it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons”, he means, it is by the Holy Spirit that I cast out demons. 

This interpretation is supported by three observations:

One, if we compare this passage in Luke with the parallel passage in Matthew’s gospel we will see that the finger of God is the Spirit of God. Matthew tells us the same story, but in his account, Jesus says, “But if it is by the Spirit of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you” (Matthew 12:28, ESV). So Matthew helps to clarify Luke. The finger of God is the Spirit of God. 

Two, we may see that the finger of God is the Spirit of God by paying attention to the context. We should remember that in Luke 11:13, at the end of the previous passage, Jesus presented the Holy Spirit to us as the greatest of all possible gifts. Why? Because it is by the Holy Spirit that God distributes the benefits of the redemption that Christ has earned to his elect at the appointed time. Christ the Son has earned our redemption, but God the Father effectually calls his elect to repentance and faith in Christ by his Word and Spirit. And God further sanctifies his elect by his Word and Spirit too. God the Father is eager to give good gifts to his children (that is what we learned in the previous passage). And the very best gift that we can receive is the gift of the Holy Spirit and the many gifts and blessings he bestows.

Friends, you must know that our redemption is the work of the Triune God. God the Father sent the Son to accomplish our redemption, and the Father and Son send forth the Holy Spirit to apply the redemption that Christ has earned to the elect of God at the appointed time. This is how the Triune God works in the world. God the Father created the heavens and earth through the Son (or Word) and by the Holy Spirit. And when it comes to the accomplishment and application of our redemption, the same is true. God the Father redeems his elect through the Son and by the Spirit. Notice the order of things. The Son proceeds from the Father, and the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son. This order of procession that we see in the works of God agrees with the eternal processions of the persons within the Godhead. The Father eternally begets the Son, and the Father and Son eternally breathe forth the Holy Spirit. I bring up the context here because I do believe this passage is related to the previous one. In the previous passage, the Holy Spirit is mentioned as the greatest gift that God gives. And here in this text, we find Christ delivering a man from demon possession by the finger of God, that is to say, by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Three, we may see that the finger of God is a reference to the Spirit of God in the analogy itself. In Isaiah 53:1, Jesus Christ the Son of God is referred to as the arm of God. We read the text earlier. That passage is about the Messiah. It begins, “Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he [the Messiah] grew up before him like a young plant… etc.” It is through the Son that the Father has accomplished our redemption, and so the Son is called the arm of God. But it is the Spirit of God who applies the redemption that Christ has earned to the elect of God in due time. It is the Spirit who sets us free from bondage (see Romans 8:1ff). It is the Spirit, working in concert with the Word, who convinces us of our sin and misery, enlightens our minds in the knowledge of Christ, and renews our wills. It is the Spirit, working in concert with the Word, who persuades and enables us to embrace Jesus Christ, freely offered to us in the Gospel. It is a fitting and beautiful analogy to refer to Christ as the arm of God (as Isaiah 53 does) and to the Spirit as the finger of God. Just as a man accomplishes his work through the strength of his arms and with the finesse of his fingers, so too God accomplishes his work through the strength of the Son and by the effectual working of the Holy Spirit. And just as it is the hands and fingers of a man that come into direct contact with his work (whatever it is) to mold and shape it and to bring it into being, so too it is the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Triune God, who carries out the plans and purposes of God in creation and redemption to bring them into being. God the Father created and redeems his creation through Christ the Son and by the working of the Holy Spirit. And so, the Holy Spirit is called the finger of God.

I do believe it is important for us to see that when Jesus Christ cast out demons, he did not do it as a mere man standing apart from God, calling on the Father to bring deliverance through the Son and by the Spirit. No, he cast the demons out by his own power and authority, for he is the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth (John 1:14). Or to use the scriptural metaphor, Jesus Christ is the strong arm of God extended to accomplish our redemption. And when he cast out demons he did it by the power of the Holy Spirit, which for him, may be likened to an arm extending a hand and touching with a finger. 

That the people were astonished at Jesus’ ability to cast out demons in his own name and with his own power and authority has already been expressed in Luke’s gospel. In fact, in Luke 4:31-37 we find the first account of Jesus casting out a demon, and in that text we read, “And [the people] were all amazed and said to one another, ‘What is this word? For with authority and power he commands the unclean spirits, and they come out!’” (Luke 4:36, ESV). You see, this is the thing that people were struggling to comprehend. They were familiar with the approach of the Jewish exorcists attempting to free men and women from demon oppression by calling on the name of the Lord or using the names of great men like Abraham or Moses or by employing incantations. But never had they witnessed anything like this. Jesus spoke with power and authority all his own. For him, casting out evil spirits was as simple as stretching out the hand and touching with the finger. 

The third thing to notice about this wonderful statement of Jesus found in verse 20 is the conclusion he reaches: “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you” (Luke 11:20, ESV). In other words, Jesus was saying, when you see me casting out demons by my own authority and in my own name, and when you see my disciples casting our demons by the authority I have given to them and in my name, it does not mean that Satan’s kingdom is divided against itself, but that another kingdom – the very kingdom of God – has arrived with power and is now overthrowing the kingdom of Satan to bring it to an end.

Dear brothers and sisters, do I need to remind you of all the promises of God found in the Old Testament that pointed forward to a redeemer who would one day arrive to do this very thing, to crush the head of Satan and set captives free? I rehearse these things with you so often I trust that many of these promises will come immediately to mind. Do I need to remind you of the first promise of the gospel found in Genesis 3:15 regarding the offspring of the woman who would drop his wounded heal on the head of the serpent? And do I need to remind you of how that seed of the gospel, once planted in the ground, did spout and grow as human history unfolded? Should I remind you of the great promises given to Abraham, of the redemption worked for Israel through Moses to deliver them from Egyptian bondage, and how that exodus anticipated a greater exodus in the future? Need I remind you of the promises made to King David regarding a Son whose enemies would be made his footstool, who would reign forever over a kingdom that would never end? I trust that you are very familiar with the concept that, because of these precious and very great promises, God’s people were living with a sense of expectation. They were eagerly awaiting the arrival of this King of God’s Kingdom, the one who would deliver them from their enemies, the greatest enemy of all being Satan himself. When Christ said, “But if it is by the finger of God that I cast out demons, then the kingdom of God has come upon you” (Luke 11:20, ESV), he meant, if you see me casting out demons and overthrowing Satan’s kingdom by my own power and authority, does it not show you that God’s kingdom and the King of God’s kingdom promised from long ago has arrived and that I am he?

In verses 21-22, Jesus provides us with an illustration to make all of this very clear. There we read, “When a strong man, fully armed, guards his own palace, his goods are safe; but when one stronger than he attacks him and overcomes him, he takes away his armor in which he trusted and divides his spoil” (Luke 11:21–22, ESV). 

Who does the strong man of verse 21 represent? Satan is the strong man. He is fully armed. His kingdom is not divided. He is fully committed to guarding his palace to keep his goods safe. Where is his palace? His palace is this fallen world. And what are the goods he is eager to keep? The goods are the souls of men. And now I ask you, who is the one stronger than the strong man? He is Jesus Christ. He is the eternal Son of God who descended from heaven and became incarnate. And why did he come? For what purpose was he sent? His mission can be stated in these terms. He came to attack the strong man, Satan, to overcome him, to take away his armor, in which he trusted, to plunder his palace, and divide the spoil.

Jesus made it very clear at the beginning of his earthly ministry that this was his mission. In Luke 4:16 we read, “And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up. And as was his custom, he went to the synagogue on the Sabbath day, and he stood up to read. And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was given to him. He unrolled the scroll and found the place where it was written, ‘The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he has anointed me to proclaim good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty those who are oppressed, to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor.’ And he rolled up the scroll and gave it back to the attendant and sat down. And the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on him. And he began to say to them, ‘Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing’” (Luke 4:16–21, ESV). 

As we consider the ministry of Jesus as it is recorded for us in Luke’s gospel, it is clear that the liberty Christ has come to bring is not earthy, but spiritual and eternal. Stated differently, Christ did not come to free Israel from Roman occupation but to overthrow the kingdom of Satan and to establish the eternal kingdom of God.   

In verse 23 we find a warning. There Christ says, “Whoever is not with me is against me, and whoever does not gather with me scatters” (Luke 11:23, ESV). This saying of Jesus can only be properly interpreted in light of what Jesus has just taught about the presence of the kingdom of God and the impending overthrow of the kingdom of Satan. It’s as if Christ said, given that this is the reality – given that I have come as the King of God’s kingdom to overthrow Satan and his kingdom, to bind him, to take away his armor, and to plunder his house – whose side are you on in this war? If you are not with me, you are against me. Whoever does not gather with me scatters. And this is true both of angels and men.     

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Conclusion

Brothers and sisters, I will begin to move this sermon to a conclusion by offering three suggestions for application. It will be in this application portion of the sermon that I will also give you my interpretation of Luke 11:24-28. 

First, I do believe this passage should wake us up to the reality of the spiritual world and the spiritual battle that rages around us continually. Of course, there is a danger in growing fascinated and fixated on the world of angels and demons, and I must warn you about that. The Scriptures warn about the danger of seeking out encounters with the powers of darkness (see Galatians 5:19-20, Revelation 21:8, Revelation 22:15). The Christian is to abhor what is evil and cling to what is good (see Romans 12:9). The Christian is to resist the devil knowing that he will flee from us (James 4:7). When I say that this passage should wake us up to the reality of the spiritual world and the spiritual battle that rages around us continually, I do not mean that we are to seek out encounters with the spiritual world. Rather, I encourage you to think of this world as not merely physical. Beyond the physical, there is a heavenly and spiritual realm. God is Spirit. In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth. Man is not the only rational being created by God. God created angels in the beginning too. Some kept their upright place. Others rebelled against God. The story told in Scripture regarding man’s fall into sin and our redemption in Christ Jesus is all intertwined with the spiritual realm. One thing we have learned from our passage today is that Christ came to redeem us from the domain of darkness and to transfer us into his kingdom of light. While there is danger in growing overly curious about the spiritual realm, there is also danger in living on this earth as if the spiritual realm and the spiritual battle do not exist. This is why Peter warns us, “Be sober-minded; be watchful. Your adversary the devil prowls around like a roaring lion, seeking someone to devour” (1 Peter 5:8, ESV). And this is why Paul says, “For though we walk in the flesh, we are not waging war according to the flesh. For the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh but have divine power to destroy strongholds. We destroy arguments and every lofty opinion raised against the knowledge of God, and take every thought captive to obey Christ, being ready to punish every disobedience, when your obedience is complete” (2 Corinthians 10:3–6, ESV).

Secondly, let us take part in the mission of the overthrowing of Satan’s doomed kingdom of darkness and the advancement of Christ’s everlasting kingdom of light. And how are we to take part in this mission? Answer: we are to obey the commission that Christ has given to the church as recorded in the pages of Holy Scripture. And what is the commission that Christ has given to the church? We are to “Go… and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.” This we are to do knowing that “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given” to Christ. This we are to do knowing that Christ is with us “always, to the end of the age” (see Matthew 28:18–20). And how are disciples of Jesus made? They are made through the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ and by the effectual working of the Holy Spirit. And how are these disciples taught to observe all that Christ has commanded? It is through the ministry word of God within the church of God.  

You know, some might assume that because Jesus cast out demons and because his twelve apostles and seventy disciples cast out demons, we the church, who live now after Christ’s ascension to the Father’s right hand, are to devote ourselves to the casting out of demons too, but this is false. Those who devote themselves to healing ministries and deliverance ministries overlook the simple fact that there was something extraordinary about Christ’s ministry and the ministry of his apostles and other eyewitnesses of his resurrection. Christ cast out demons as a sign that the kingdom of heaven was now present with power. And his apostles – the twelve and the seventy – were granted this power for the same reason. But the church was given no such mission. The church, consisting of professing and baptized believers, is called to devote itself to preaching and teaching of the Word of God (the Word of the Apostles), to the administration of the sacraments of baptism and the Lord’s Supper, and to prayer. The only offices appointed within the church are the offices of elder and deacon. The office of Apostle has ceased. And so too have the miraculous gifts that were given to them (and to the other eyewitnesses). There are no healers, there are no miracle workers, there are no exorcists appointed to this work within Christ’s church. The mission of the church is clear. Disciples of Jesus are to be made to the ends of the earth. These are to be baptized. These are to be taught to obey Christ. Christ has given pastors or elders and deacons to the church to lead in the accomplishment of this mission. 

So, is God still delivering men and women from the domain of Satan’s dark kingdom and transferring them into the kingdom of his beloved Son today? Yes (see Colossians 1:13). But how does he do it? Not through exorcists and exorcisms but through the preaching of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and by the effectual working of the Holy Spirit. It is only when men and women respond to the gospel of Jesus Christ in faith and repentance that they are rescued from the domain of darkness and transferred into the kingdom of the beloved Son. This redemption is accomplished by God the Father, through Christ the Son, and by the Holy Spirit. When Christ performed this extraordinary miracle of casting this mute demon out by the finger of God, it was a sign or demonstration of what he would do through the ordinary ministry of the Word of God through his church to the end of the age. It by means of preaching the gospel of Jesus Christ that God, through the work of the Holy Spirit, delivers men and women from Satan’s grasp and ushers them into the kingdom of God where Christ is King. 

In fact, I do believe this is what verses 24-28 are about. What good will it do a man, ultimately, if he is delivered from demonic oppression – that is to say, if the demon that oppressed him is evicted from his house, and his house is swept clean and put in order for a time – if Christ the King does not take up residence within that house through the indwelling of the Holy Spirit? What will the man be left with except a clean and orderly, but empty, house? Christ tells us that the evicted spirit will “passes through waterless [desert-like] places seeking rest, and finding none it [will say], ‘I will return to my house from which I came.’ And when it comes, it finds the house swept and put in order. Then [it will  go] and brings seven other spirits more evil than itself, and they enter and dwell there. And the last state of that person is worse than the first” (Luke 11:24–26, ESV). 

This is a strange and mysterious text, but I believe the meaning is clear. Christ, the one who is stronger than the strong man, overcomes the strong man, that is, Satan and his demons, not merely to evict them from the hearts and souls of men to leave the men in a cleaner and yet empty state, but to take up residence within in them as King. Friends, Christ the King did not come to merely clean your house but to take up residence within it, to possess it as King, and to guard it forever. Christian “do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit within you, whom you have from God? You are not your own, for you were bought with a price. So glorify God in your body” (1 Corinthians 6:19-20, ESV). Christ did not come to merely expel Satan and his demons and to clean up the world, he came to redeem the world and to possess it as his own, to the glory of God, and this includes your own heart. It will do you no good in the end if Satan is expelled from the throne of your heart for it sit empty. No, that void will be quickly filled with demons and your own sins (perhaps the seven deadly sins). To be redeemed, Satan must be expelled, and Christ must sit down upon the throne of your heart as Lord and King to rule you and keep you as his own forever. 

And this is what is urged in verses 27-28. “As [Christ] said these things, a woman in the crowd raised her voice and said to him, ‘Blessed is the womb that bore you, and the breasts at which you nursed!’” In other words, your mother is blessed. “But [Christ] said, ‘Blessed rather are those who hear the word of God and keep it!’” (Luke 11:27–28, ESV).

And so our passage concludes with a call to trust in Jesus and to obey him as King. That is my third point of application. Having considered these truths about the great work of redemption accomplished by God the Father, through Christ the Son, and applied by the Holy Spirit, let us turn from our sins, trust in Christ the redeemer, to have him as King. Christ is our only hope. He is the one stronger than the strong man who is capable of rescuing us from the dark and oppressive domain of Satan to keep us as his own in the blessed kingdom of God, forever and ever, Amen.  

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Luke 11:14-28, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Sermon: The Strong Man Is Overcome, Luke 11:14-28

Catechetical Sermon: Into What State Of Being Did The Fall Bring Mankind?, Baptist Catechism 20-21

Baptist Catechism 20-21

Q. 20. Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

A. The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery. (Ps. 51:5; Rom. 5:18,19: Is. 64:6)

Q. 21. Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell?

A. The sinfulness of that estate whereunto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin, together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. (Rom. 5:19; 3:10; Eph. 2:1; Is. 53:6; Ps. 51:5; Matt. 15:19)

Scripture Reading: Romans 5:18-21

“Therefore, as one trespass led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness leads to justification and life for all men. For as by the one man’s disobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s obedience the many will be made righteous. Now the law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, grace abounded all the more, so that, as sin reigned in death, grace also might reign through righteousness leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.” (Romans 5:18–21, ESV)

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Question 20:  Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

Answer:  The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery.  

Baptist Catechism 20 asks, Into what estate did the fall bring mankind? Answer: The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery. 

Here we find the word “estate” again.  Remember Baptist Catechism 16 and Second London Confession chapter 9.  The fall brought man out of the estate of innocence and into an estate of sin and misery.  Man did not cease to be man.  Man did not cease to be the image of God (see Genesis 9:6).  Man did not lose his ability to think rationally, to feel, or to freely choose.  His condition did change, though.  When Adem fell, all humanity fell in him.  And what is the estate that humanity is now in by nature?  A state or condition of sin and misery.    

Question 21:  Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

Answer:  The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.

Question 21 then asks, Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?  Perhaps another way to ask this question would be, what does this sinful estate include?  What is involved in it? What effect did Adam’s fall into sin have on humanity?  Answer: The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want [lack] of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.  I know I keep saying this, but it is true.  This teaching is so important.  What does it mean to be fallen in Adam?  What effect did Adam’s sin have on human beings?  Three things are said as it pertains to man’s fallen condition.  Each one should be contrasted with man’s condition in the state of innocence. 

One, instead of man being holy as he was when first created (see Baptist Catechism 12), man is now guilty by nature.  Adam’s guilt is imputed to all who are born from him through ordinary generation under the broken covenant of life or works.  

Two, instead of man being righteous (right with God) as he was when first created (see Baptist Catechism 12), man lacks this original righteousness.

Three, instead of man possessing true knowledge as he did in the beginning (see Baptist Catechism 12), his whole nature is corrupted.  His mind is darkened.  His affections are disordered. His will is bent towards evil.

These three things have to do with the condition of man’s nature. Man is fallen now.  His nature is totally depraved.  This is why Paul says that men, by nature, are children of wrath (see Ephesians 2:3).  This is why Jesus spoke to those who rejected him as the Messiah, saying, “You are of your father the devil, and your will is to do your father’s desires” (John 8:44).

Our catechism then notes that these three effects of the fall are commonly called original sin.  This is not a reference to Adam’s original sin, but to the fact that, since the fall, all human beings are born into the world in this fallen and sinful condition.  This is now our original condition.  We will sometimes say, look at how innocent that child is!  And children are innocent, compared to others.  Why? Because, if they are very young,  they have not lived long enough to willfully sin.  But it would be a mistake to think that they are innocent in the way that Adam and Eve were in the beginning.  No, we are born in sin (see Psalm 51:5).  We are born in Adam, under the broken covenant of works (see Romans 5:12-19), with Adam’s guilt imputed to us (see Romans 3:10-19), at enmity with God (see Ephesians 2:1-3), and with corrupted natures (see Romans 8:7-8).

Finally, it is from this fallen and sinful condition that all actual sin flows.  That is what our catechism means when it says, “together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it.” 

Have you ever wondered why everyone sins?  Some might say, it is because of the bad example and negative effects of society.  It’s a nurture problem.  No, before the problem of nurture, there is the problem of nature.  Men and women sin — they transgress God’s law freely and willingly — even from a very young age because we are born guilty, at enmity with God, and corrupted in nature.  This is the effect that Adam’s sin has had upon humanity descending from him by ordinary generation. 

I will not take any time to flesh this out, but I would encourage you to think about how this doctrine of original sin relates to the person of Jesus Christ and our salvation in him.  Think again of the virgin birth.  Think of the doctrine of the incarnation.  How was the man Jesus able to perfectly obey God and to accomplish our salvation?  It has a lot to do with the fact that he was not born in sin as we are, but was born of a virgin, having been conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit (see Luke 1:35).  In other words, Jesus was born in true knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, just as Adam was created. 

And what does this have to do with our salvation in him?  Well, Christ addresses all of our problems as our redeemer. He removes our guilt. He clothes us with his righteousness, and he renews our natures – he restores the image of God in us.  Paul wrote about this in Colossians 3:9.  He addressed Christians when he said, “Do not lie to one another, seeing that you have put off the old self with its practices and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge after the image of its creator” (Colossians 3:9–10).

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Conclusion

Hear Question 21 again: Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?  Answer: The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam’s first sin, the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called original sin; together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. This is true doctrine. 

Posted in Sermons, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Catechetical Sermon: Into What State Of Being Did The Fall Bring Mankind?, Baptist Catechism 20-21

Sermon: Draw Near To God, As Children To A Father, Able And Ready To Help Us, Luke 11:5-13

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 32

“A MASKIL OF DAVID. Blessed is the one whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered. Blessed is the man against whom the LORD counts no iniquity, and in whose spirit there is no deceit. For when I kept silent, my bones wasted away through my groaning all day long. For day and night your hand was heavy upon me; my strength was dried up as by the heat of summer. Selah I acknowledged my sin to you, and I did not cover my iniquity; I said, ‘I will confess my transgressions to the LORD,’ and you forgave the iniquity of my sin. Selah Therefore let everyone who is godly offer prayer to you at a time when you may be found; surely in the rush of great waters, they shall not reach him. You are a hiding place for me; you preserve me from trouble; you surround me with shouts of deliverance. Selah I will instruct you and teach you in the way you should go; I will counsel you with my eye upon you. Be not like a horse or a mule, without understanding, which must be curbed with bit and bridle, or it will not stay near you. Many are the sorrows of the wicked, but steadfast love surrounds the one who trusts in the LORD. Be glad in the LORD, and rejoice, O righteous, and shout for joy, all you upright in heart!” (Psalm 32, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 11:5-13

“And he said to them, ‘Which of you who has a friend will go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves, for a friend of mine has arrived on a journey, and I have nothing to set before him’; and he will answer from within, ‘Do not bother me; the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed. I cannot get up and give you anything’? I tell you, though he will not get up and give him anything because he is his friend, yet because of his impudence he will rise and give him whatever he needs. And I tell you, ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened. What father among you, if his son asks for a fish, will instead of a fish give him a serpent; or if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” (Luke 11:5–13, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

I do love this portion of Luke’s Gospel. Here in Luke 10:25-11:13, we learn a lot about the Christian life. According to the Great Commission, the church is to be about the task of making disciples of all nations through the preaching of the gospel. Those who turn from their sins to trust in Christ are to be baptized in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. And these baptized disciples are to be taught to observe all that Christ has commanded. 

And what has Christ commanded? What is the law of Christ that his followers are to be taught to observe? Answer: Disciples of Jesus are to keep God’s ever-abiding and unchanging moral law and the positive laws that Christ has added under the New Covenant – laws about the worship of God, and laws about the government of his church. The moral law, as you know, is summarized within the Ten Commandments. And the Ten Commandments are further summarized by the two great commandments, “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbor as yourself” (Luke 10:27, ESV). Disciples of Jesus are to keep God’s law, not to be saved, but because they are saved. We are to obey God’s law, not to earn God’s love and favor, but because he has freely and graciously bestowed his love and favor upon us. Christians are to keep God’s law, not in thier own strength but with the strngth that God provides. God has regenrated his people and he gives them his Holy Spirit to make them willing and able to keep his commandments. 

Luke brought these two great commandments to the forefront of his gospel through the story of Jesus’ interaction with the lawyer as recorded in Luke 10:25-29. After this, we find the Parable of the Good Samaritan, which helps us to understand what it means to keep the second great commandment, to love neighbor as self. And after this, we find a story about the sisters, Mary and Martha, followed by Jesus’ teaching about prayer. As I have said in previous sermons, I believe that the story about Mary and Martha and Jesus’ teaching about prayer is meant to teach us something about what it means to love God and to stir us to do so from the heart. 

What did we learn about loving God with all the heart, soul, strength, and mind from the story about the sisters? Those who love God truly will love Jesus Christ. Those who love God will sit at the feet of Jesus to receive his teaching. The lawyer stood to put Jesus to the test (Luke 10:25). But Mary sat at Jesus’ feet to listen to his teaching. Furthermore, those who love God will serve Jesus and his disciples as Martha did. But in that story about the sisters, we are taught that sitting at Jesus’ feet to receive his Word takes precedence over devoting ourselves to service. Both Mary and Martha are to be commended. The Christian is to imitate Mary in her sitting and Martha in her serving. But sitting at the feet of Jesus to receive his teaching is the good portion that must not be neglected. Our service of Christ must flow from our communion with him. Considered in terms of the two great commandments, the command to love God is first and greater than the command to love neighbor. Neither should be neglected but the order must be maintained.

And what have we learned about loving God with all the heart, soul, strength, and mind from Jesus’ teaching about prayer? We have learned that those who love God will commune with him in prayer. More than this, Christ has taught us how to pray. He said, “When you pray, say, ‘Father, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come. Give us each day our daily bread, and forgive us our sins, for we ourselves forgive everyone who is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation” (Luke 11:2–4, ESV). This prayer, which is commonly called the Lord’s Prayer, is to function as a pattern or guide for us. Here the Lord directs us concerning the things we should pray for and in what order. Brothers and sisters, the Christian life is to be a prayerful life. And if we wish to pray well, we must not neglect this prayer that Christ has given to us as a pattern or guide.

Notice, that after Jesus presented his disciples with this pattern for prayer, he taught them more about the practice of prayer. Here in Luke 11:5-13, Jesus instructs us concerning the perspective we are to have while praying. Teach us to pray, was the request. First, Christ presented a model or pattern to follow. But here in the passage that is open before us today, Christ teaches us about the perspective we should have in prayer. What should we think and feel about God as we approach him in prayer? Does he hear us? Does he care for us? Is he eager to help us? These are the kinds of questions that Jesus answers here in this passage. 

Stated differently, I do believe that the main objective of this passage is to teach us to draw near to “draw near to God, with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, [who is] able and ready to help us…” (see Baptist Catechism 107). In a way, I see this teaching of Jesus, as found in Luke 11:5-13, as an explanation of what it means to pray to God as Father. If it is true for those in Christ Jesus that God is our Father in heaven, how then should we pray? What kind of mindset or perspective should we bring to prayer? Should we think of God as being distant? Should we think of him as disinterested? Should we feel as if we are a nuisance to him? Should we think that if we are to get what we want from God we must pester him with our prayers as if to twist his arm? No, when Christ taught us to pray to God as our Father in heaven, it was an invitation to “draw near to God, with all holy reverence and confidence, as children to a father, [who is] able and ready to help us…” This is implied by the name “Father” (Luke 11:2). Here in the passage open before us, Jesus explicitly teaches this.  

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When You Pray, Draw Near To God, As Children To A Father, Who Is Able And Ready To Help Us

I have drawn three points from this text. The first is this: When you pray, you must draw near to God, as children to a Father, who is able and ready to help us. 

Good fathers love to give good gifts to their children. Good fathers are accessible to their children. Good fathers are delighted when their children approach them for assistance. Good fathers will give good gifts to their children according to their ability. And your heavenly Father is a good Father.  He is ready and willing to give good gifts to his adopted children. And he is able. I wonder, is this your perspective? When you pray, do you see God like this? Do you know him to be your good Father in heaven, who is ready and able to give good gifts to you, his beloved child?

Jesus teaches us to pray with this perspective by presenting us with a couple of illustrations. 

The Story Of The Impudent Friend

First, in verses 5-8 we find a story about a man in need approaching a friend for assistance. Jesus asked his disciples, “Which of you who has a friend will go to him at midnight and say to him, ‘Friend, lend me three loaves, for a friend of mine has arrived on a journey, and I have nothing to set before him’…” (Luke 11:5–6, ESV). 

Can you picture the scenario? A man has a friend arrive at his home unexpectedly. This friend of his has been on a long journey and he is hungry. The right thing for this man to do is to receive this friend of his into his home to feed him and show him hospitality. By the way, we should not forget the Parable of the Good Samaritan and the story about Martha serving Jesus and his disciples as they journeyed. The importance of showing kindness and hospitality to those in need in obedience to the second great commandment, to love your neighbor as yourself, has just been stressed in Luke’s gospel. And so, this man’s need was real. His friend had come to him. It was necessary to show him hospitality. And he did not have daily bread to share. And so he went to another “friend” to ask for help. 

In verse 7 we find the response of the “friend” who was awakened at midnight. He answered from within the house, “Do not bother me; the door is now shut, and my children are with me in bed. I cannot get up and give you anything?” 

Notice a few things about this story. One, the reluctant friend was sleeping. He was tired. He was warm in bed. Selfishly, he did not want to be disturbed. Two, as was common in those days, his family in bed with him. To get up to fetch his friend some bread would disturb the whole household. Certainly, it is understandable that he was somewhat annoyed with the request. Three, nevertheless, I think most people would respond to this story by saying, some friend this is! With friends like this, who needs enemies? And that, I think,  is the point. Though it is true that we humans grow tired and sleepy and can sometimes be selfish and self-serving, most would happily jump out of bed even at midnight to meet the legitimate need of a friend. If we are shocked by the selfish and begrudging response of this friend – stated differently, if we would expect more kindness and generosity from a friend – how much more should we expect kindness and generosity from our Father in heaven?

The story does not end here, though. Jesus goes on to say in verse 8, “I tell you, though he will not get up and give him anything because he is his friend, yet because of his impudence he will rise and give him whatever he needs” (Luke 11:8, ESV). The word impudence means shamelessness. The idea here is that the man shamelessly knocked and knocked, asked and asked until his selfish and begrudging friend finally got out of bed to meet his need. 

Friends, the point of this story is not that God is like this “friend”, as if he were annoyed by the prayers of his people, begrudging, and withholding, and that if we wish to get anything out of him then we must pester him with our prayers until he finally gives in. No! The meaning is the opposite. God is not like this friend. He does not sleep or slumber. He does not grow tired or weary. He is not selfish but is most generous and kind. He is not begrudging but is most benevolent. He does not withhold but freely gives good gifts to his beloved children. If we are willing to persist with impudence in asking a selfish friend to meet some need of ours, how much more should we persist in prayer with our Father in heaven?

This is the point that Christ makes in verse 9, saying, “And I tell you, ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and the one who seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened” (Luke 11:9–10, ESV). Notice the repetition. It is there for emphasis. And notice how open our access is to the Father and how generous he is said to be. “Ask, and it will be given to you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you.” 

This story that Jesus tells about the two friends and their midnight encounter teaches us to be persistent in prayer. And this is not the only place in Scripture where we are taught to be persistent in prayer. Christians are to “Continue steadfastly in prayer, being watchful in it with thanksgiving.” (Colossians 4:2, ESV). We are to “pray without ceasing” (1 Thessalonians 5:17, ESV). We “ought always to pray and not lose heart” (Luke 18:1, ESV). Yes, we are to be persistent in prayer. And this story about the impudent friend encourages us to do this very thing. But more than this, I do believe that this story is meant to affect our perspective of God in prayer.  God is not like this sleepy and selfish friend! No, he is our Father in heaven. He never sleeps or slumbers. He is ready and able to give good gifts to his children and to help us in our need.   

Good Fathers Give Good Gifts

This brings us to the second illustration. In verse 11 Jesus asks, “What father among you, if his son asks for a fish, will instead of a fish give him a serpent; or if he asks for an egg, will give him a scorpion? If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” (Luke 11:11–13, ESV).

I trust you can see why I said this entire passage is about the perspective we are to have of our Father in heaven. Most earthly fathers, sinful as we are, are eager to give good gifts to their children. If a child asks his earthly father for something good and reasonable like a morsel of bread, a fish, or an egg, he will gladly and freely give that good thing. No earthly father would give something dangerous or damaging instead. This is even true of very wicked men. Even they, though they might be very cruel to others, will show kindness to their own children.  “How much more”, Jesus says, will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” 

“How much more…” That is the phrase that binds these two stories together. If a sinful and selfish man will rise up to give bread to his impudent friend in the middle of the night, how much more will your heavenly Father freely give to those who ask, seek, and knock at his door? And if sinful, earthly fathers know how to give good gifts to their children, how much more will the heavenly Father give good gifts to his children when they ask?

Application

Brothers and sisters, what is the perspective that you have of God when you come to him in prayer? What do you think of him? I do hope that you pray according to the pattern of the Lord’s Prayer. I hope you pray that God be glorified, that his kingdom come, and his will be done on earth as it is in heaven. I hope you pray for daily bread, for the forgiveness of sins, and to be kept from, or given victory over, temptation. But your thoughts concerning God must be right and true. When you call him Father, you are to think of him as loving, accessible, and kind. You must know that he is ready and able to help you. He is eager to give good gifts to you as you come to him in prayer. If your thoughts concerning God are amiss – if you think of him as distant, cold, or begrudging – worse yet, if you think of him as cruel – as one who would give a scorpion instead of an egg, or a snake instead of a fish – it is time for you to repent of these wrongheaded notions of God and to replace them with the truth as revealed in God’s Holy Word.       

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When You Pray To God The Father, Be Sure That You Are Asking For Good Things

My first point drawn from the text is, that when you pray, you must draw near to God, as children to a Father, who is able and ready to help us. My second point is, that when you pray, you must be sure to ask God the Father for good things. 

Never should a Christian ask God for evil or sinful things. That is so obvious it hardly needs to be said. 

And neither should Christians ask God for good things so that they might spend it on their passions. James warns against this. First, he says, “You do not have, because you do not ask.” And then he adds, “You ask and do not receive, because you ask wrongly, to spend it on your passions” (James 4:2–3, ESV). It is good to have work and the wisdom, health, and strength to do it. It is good to have money, food, clothing, and shelter. There are many things in this life that are good gifts from God. But to ask God for these good gifts so that we might spend it on our passions is to ask amiss. 

What does it mean to ask for good things from God, then? Well, those who are godly will pray from the heart according to the petitions of the Lord’s Prayer. Not only will they pray for the variety of things that Christ has taught us to pray for, but they will also pray for them in the order in which they are given to us by our Lord. The priorities of the Lord’s Prayer will match the priorities of their hearts. 

Those who are worldly will sometimes pray, but when they pray they will often pray only for bread. And rarely will it be daily bread that they pray for, but an abundance of bread. And when they pray for an abundance of bread, it will not be to share it with those in need, but to feast upon it themselves being driven by gluttonous passion. 

When the goldy pray, they will not pray first for daily bread. Their first and highest to concern will ber to give thanks and praise to God. After this, they will express their concern for the furtherance of Christ’s kingdom. After this, they will ask the Lord to make them ready and willing to obey his revealed will, as the elect angels do in heaven, and for contentment and humility to submit to God hidden will for them, as Christ did in the garden, saying, “Father, if you are willing, remove this cup from me. Nevertheless, not my will, but yours, be done” (Luke 22:42, ESV). And only after praying that God be glorified, that his kingdom come, and his will be done, will the godly be concerned with bread. And it is to be daily bread that we are concerned about. Give us, O God, what we need to live so that we might worship and serve you in thankfulness all the days you have ordained for us. Can you see the difference between praying for daily bread so that you might spend it on your passions and praying for daily bread so that we might be sustained in the worship and service of God?  

Dear brothers and sisters, God does invite us to pray for daily bread. He invites us to bring our cares and concerns to him. It is right that we pray for things like work, health, food, shelter, and clothing for ourselves and those we love. It is right that we pray for peace and prosperity in the land. These are good things to pray for. But followers of Jesus Christ must know that these things are not the best things. The very best things have to do with the glory of God, the furtherance of  Christ’s eternal kingdom, obedience to his revealed will, and the accomplishment of his hidden will, that is to say, his eternal decree. 

To illustrate I’ll ask, when you pray, what do you spend more time praying for? Health concerns or growth in holiness? And when you pray for healing, do you also pray that God would be glorified through the suffering and that men and women would be sanctified in the trial? 

I do believe that one of the secrets of a powerful prayer life is to first align our heart with the heart of God. What is God doing in the world? What is he most concerned with? What promises has he made? What is the mission he has given to us? These are the things we ought to concern ourselves with in prayer. 

I could pile up many passages of Scripture to prove the point.   

Matthew 6:31-33 comes to mind. There Christ says, “Therefore do not be anxious, saying, ‘What shall we eat?’ or ‘What shall we drink?’ or ‘What shall we wear?’ For the Gentiles seek after all these things, and your heavenly Father knows that you need them all. But seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you.” (Matthew 6:31–33, ESV)

There are many passages of Scripture that invite followers of Christ to pray boldly knowing that they will receive what they ask for. Carnal, worldly men think this is a blank check – an invitation to approach God as if he were a genie in a bottle. The thing they overlook is that it is the disciples of Jesus who are invited to pray with such boldness. And what is assumed in all of these passages? The assumption is that disciples of Jesus will have hearts, minds, and wills surrendered to God and Christ. 

In Matthew 21:22 Jesus speaks to his followers, saying, “And whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive, if you have faith.” 

In Mark 11:24, Jesus speaks to his disciples, saying, “Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours.”

In John 14:13 we hear our Lord say, “Whatever you ask in my name, this I will do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son.” 

In John 15:7 he says, “If you abide in me, and my words abide in you, ask whatever you wish, and it will be done for you.” 

In John 15:16 Christ speaks to his followers, saying, “You did not choose me, but I chose you and appointed you that you should go and bear fruit and that your fruit should abide, so that whatever you ask the Father in my name, he may give it to you.”

1 John 3:22 says, “and whatever we ask we receive from him, because we keep his commandments and do what pleases him.” 

In prayer, we do not bend God’s will to bring it into conformity with ours. To the contrary, when we pray, we must first surrender our will to his! Thy kingdom come, thy will be done, we say. And then, having surrendered to God and having conformed our desires to his, we offer up our heartfelt desires to him. 

Baptist Catechim Q. 105 asks, What is Prayer? Answer: Prayer is an offering up of our desires to God, by the assistance of the Holy Spirit, for things agreeable to His will, in the name of Christ, believing, with confession of our sins, and thankful acknowledgment of His mercies. Are we free to bring our desires to God in prayer? Yes, of course. But we are to do so being led by the Holy Spirit. The Spirit is to help us pray for things agreeable to God’s revealed will. And we are we are to pray in the name of Jesus, that is to say, by his power and under his authority. Friends, those who truly love God and have Christ as Lord will bring their desires to God and prayer and it should be no surprise that their desires, plans, and purposes will align with God’s desires, plans, and purposes. 

Perhaps another way to say this is that the Christian is to pray for good things, but a Christian’s understanding of what is truly good will be different from that of one who is worldly. The worldly person will only be concerned with the things of this world – health, wealth, prosperity, and pleasure. But the true Christian will see other things as being of supreme value and importance. When the Christian is exhorted to pray for good things, their mind will, by God’s grace, naturally go to things having to do with the glory of God, the furtherance of his eternal kingdom, the salvation of sinners, and the sanctification of saints.      

   *****

When You Pray, Know That God Always Gives Good Gifts To His Children

My third and final point is, that when you pray, you must know that God always gives good gifts to his children. 

Again, to see this you must adopt God’s perspective concerning what is good. The carnal man will only think of earthly goods. The godly, spiritual man will think first of the heavenly and eternal goods that are ours in Christ Jesus, and of earthly goods second.   

This point is brought out powerfully at the very end of our passage. Verse 13 says, “If you then, who are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will the heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask him!” (Luke 11:13, ESV). Instead of saying “good gifts” Christ says “the Holy Spirit”. What is the meaning of this? By inserting the phrase “the Holy Spirit” in the place of the phrase “good gifts” Christ directs our attention to the greatest gift of all – the Holy Spirit and all of the benefits he bestows. 

John Calvin comments on this, saying, “Instead of good things (ἀγαθὰ) in the last clause, Luke says the Holy Spirit. This does not exclude other benefits, but points out what we ought chiefly to ask: for we ought never to forget the exhortation, Seek first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all other things shall be added to you, (Matth. 6:33.) It is the duty of the children of God, when they engage in prayer, to strip themselves of earthly affections, and to rise to meditation on the spiritual life. In this way, they will set little value on food and clothing, as compared to the earnest and pledge of their adoption, (Rom. 8:15; Eph. 1:14:) and when God has given so valuable a treasure, he will not refuse smaller favours” (John Calvin, Commentary on a Harmony of the Evangelists Matthew, Mark, and Luke, vol. 1, 354).

  *****

Conclusion

I have said this passage is about the perspective or view that we have of God when we approach him in prayer, and so it is.  We must view him as our heavenly Father who is ready and able to give good gifts to his children and to help us in our need. It seems to me that one of the greatest challenges is when we bring good and reasonable requests to God and they seem to go unanswered. It is in moments like these that God’s people are tempted to think that God is absent, distant, disinterested, or unable to help us. In reality, God’s plans might simply be differnt than yours. Or maybe his plans agree with yours, but his timing is different. Whatever the case may be, by faith, we confess that God’s plans are always perfect, holy, wise, and good. And so we must rest in him. We must trust that our heavenly Father will give good gifts to his children in this life and in the life to come.   

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Luke 11:5-13, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Sermon: Draw Near To God, As Children To A Father, Able And Ready To Help Us, Luke 11:5-13

Catechetical Sermon: What Was Adam And Eve’s Sin?, Baptist Catechism 18

Baptist Catechism 18

Q. 18. What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

A. The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit. (Gen. 3:6,12,13)

*****

Over the past few weeks, we have learned a lot of very important truths about man in his original condition. We have learned that God “created man male and female, after His own image, in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, with dominion over the creatures.” We have learned that “When God had created man, He entered into a covenant of life with him upon condition of perfect obedience: forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon pain of death.”

We then heard some bad news. “Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God”, sin being “any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.”

The question that is before us today is, What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created? The answer is really simple: they ate of the forbidden fruit

The story of the temptation of Adam and Eve and their fall into sin is found in Genesis 3. There we read, “Now the serpent was more crafty than any other beast of the field that the LORD God had made. He said to the woman, ‘Did God actually say, ‘You shall not eat of any tree in the garden’?’ And the woman said to the serpent, ‘We may eat of the fruit of the trees in the garden, but God said, ‘You shall not eat of the fruit of the tree that is in the midst of the garden, neither shall you touch it, lest you die.’’ But the serpent said to the woman, ‘You will not surely die. For God knows that when you eat of it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.’ So when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of its fruit and ate, and she also gave some to her husband who was with her, and he ate. Then the eyes of both were opened, and they knew that they were naked…” (Genesis 3:1–7, ESV). 

So, our catechism is correct. ​​The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit. 

There are a few questions that come to mind as we consider this truth.

One, why was it a sin for Adam and Eve to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil? In other words, what was wrong with it? We do not typically say that eating fruit is sinful. Why was it a sin for Adam and Eve to do so? Answer: Because God clearly and specifically told them not to do so.   

True, ordinary the act of eating fruit is not a moral action. The act itself is neither good nor evil. But it was a sin for Adam and Eve to eat fruit from that tree because God told them not to. If you remember, we call this kind of law “positive law”. Moral laws are those laws of God that are binding upon men and women in all times and places. Do not murder is a moral law. Murder is always sinful. Do not commit adultery, lie, and steal. These are all moral laws. They are binding on all people, in all times and places. But God has also added other laws too. We call them positive laws because God has added them to the moral law. These are laws that God’s creatures are obligated to keep in addition to the moral law. These positive laws are filled with symbolism. These positive laws are associated with the covenants that God has made with man.  

Remember, we have defined sin as “any [lack] of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.” Notice, we do not say that sin is any lack of conformity unto or transgression of, the moral law of God. That would be a true statement, but it would be incomplete, for we do not only sin against God when we violate his moral law. No, we also sin against him when we violate his positive laws. 

For example, God commanded that all of the male children of Abraham be circumcised on the eighth day. Circumcision is not a moral thing when considered by itself. But it was made to be a moral thing for Abraham and all his descendants when God gave that law to them. The descendants of Abraham sinned when they failed to apply the sign of circumcision.  Other examples of positive laws are the seventh-day Sabbath from creation to the resurrection of Christ, and the first-day Sabbath from the resurrection of Christ until the end of the world. Baptism and the Lord’s Supper are also positive laws. They are laws that are added to the moral law in connection with particular covenants.  

When Adam ate of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, he broke a positive law, and it is right that we call this sin.  

A second question comes to mind. Some may wonder, what was so bad about Adam eating from that tree? How could this simple act bring about the curse that came upon Adam, and upon the whole human race that descended from him? In other words, is there more to the story? Was there more going on in Adam’s heart that led to his eating the forbidden fruit which made his disobedience truly vile?

The answer is, yes, there is more to the story. Granted, the act of eating a piece of fruit is innocent enough when considered by itself. But we should not forget that God commanded Adam not to eat of that tree. Also, consider the narrative of Genesis three and the fact that another competing voice spoke to Adam – the voice of the serpent through Eve. You can see, then, that this was no innocent eating, but an act of rebellion. Adam rebelled against his Maker in his heart when he listened to the voice of the serpent instead of the word of God. 

All sin is like this. The sins themselves might take only a moment. They may seem small to some. In fact, the thing that motivates all sin is rebellion against God in the heart.  

And there is another aspect of Adam’s sin that must also be considered. When Adam ate of the forbidden fruit he did not only sin a sin of commission, he sinned a sin of omission. What was Adam’s sin of commission? What sin did he actively commit? He listened to the voice of the serpent and ate of the tree that God said, do not eat of it. And what was the sin of omission? He failed (or omitted) to obey God’s voice, to fill the earth with his offspring, to expand and keep the garden temple, and to eat of the tree of life. Not only did Adam do what God forbade, he also failed to do what God commanded when he rebelled against his Maker. 

Thirdly, and lastly, what difference does this make? Why does this matter? Well, it matters because we cannot understand the present condition of mankind apart from this doctrine. Also, it matters because we will not fully appreciate what Christ has accomplished for us apart from this doctrine. In short, where Adam failed Christ succeeded. And he succeeded, not for himself only, but for all who are united to him by faith. 

Q. 18. What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

A. The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit. (Gen. 3:6,12,13)

Posted in Sermons, Joe Anady, Posted by Joe. Comments Off on Catechetical Sermon: What Was Adam And Eve’s Sin?, Baptist Catechism 18


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