Old Testament Reading: Jonah 1 & 2

“Now the word of the LORD came to Jonah the son of Amittai, saying, ‘Arise, go to Nineveh, that great city, and call out against it, for their evil has come up before me.’ But Jonah rose to flee to Tarshish from the presence of the LORD. He went down to Joppa and found a ship going to Tarshish. So he paid the fare and went down into it, to go with them to Tarshish, away from the presence of the LORD. But the LORD hurled a great wind upon the sea, and there was a mighty tempest on the sea, so that the ship threatened to break up. Then the mariners were afraid, and each cried out to his god. And they hurled the cargo that was in the ship into the sea to lighten it for them. But Jonah had gone down into the inner part of the ship and had lain down and was fast asleep. So the captain came and said to him, ‘What do you mean, you sleeper? Arise, call out to your god! Perhaps the god will give a thought to us, that we may not perish’ And they said to one another, ‘Come, let us cast lots, that we may know on whose account this evil has come upon us.’ So they cast lots, and the lot fell on Jonah. Then they said to him, ‘Tell us on whose account this evil has come upon us. What is your occupation? And where do you come from? What is your country? And of what people are you?’ And he said to them, ‘I am a Hebrew, and I fear the LORD, the God of heaven, who made the sea and the dry land.’ Then the men were exceedingly afraid and said to him, ‘What is this that you have done!’ For the men knew that he was fleeing from the presence of the LORD, because he had told them. Then they said to him, ‘What shall we do to you, that the sea may quiet down for us?’ For the sea grew more and more tempestuous. He said to them, ‘Pick me up and hurl me into the sea; then the sea will quiet down for you, for I know it is because of me that this great tempest has come upon you.’ Nevertheless, the men rowed hard to get back to dry land, but they could not, for the sea grew more and more tempestuous against them. Therefore they called out to the LORD, ‘O LORD, let us not perish for this man’s life, and lay not on us innocent blood, for you, O LORD, have done as it pleased you.’ So they picked up Jonah and hurled him into the sea, and the sea ceased from its raging. Then the men feared the LORD exceedingly, and they offered a sacrifice to the LORD and made vows. And the LORD appointed a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights. [Chapter 2] Then Jonah prayed to the LORD his God from the belly of the fish, saying, ‘I called out to the LORD, out of my distress, and he answered me; out of the belly of Sheol I cried, and you heard my voice. For you cast me into the deep, into the heart of the seas, and the flood surrounded me; all your waves and your billows passed over me. Then I said, ‘I am driven away from your sight; yet I shall again look upon your holy temple.’ The waters closed in over me to take my life; the deep surrounded me; weeds were wrapped about my head at the roots of the mountains. I went down to the land whose bars closed upon me forever; yet you brought up my life from the pit, O LORD my God. When my life was fainting away, I remembered the LORD, and my prayer came to you, into your holy temple. Those who pay regard to vain idols forsake their hope of steadfast love. But I with the voice of thanksgiving will sacrifice to you; what I have vowed I will pay. Salvation belongs to the LORD!’ And the LORD spoke to the fish, and it vomited Jonah out upon the dry land.” (Jonah 1-2, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 24:1-12

“But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared. And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb, but when they went in they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. While they were perplexed about this, behold, two men stood by them in dazzling apparel. And as they were frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, the men said to them, ‘Why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here, but has risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified and on the third day rise.’ And they remembered his words, and returning from the tomb they told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest. Now it was Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles, but these words seemed to them an idle tale, and they did not believe them. But Peter rose and ran to the tomb; stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths by themselves; and he went home marveling at what had happened.” (Luke 24:1–12, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church, but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

I’ll begin with a question. What event was more important? The death of Jesus Christ on the cross, or his resurrection from the dead? Very soon, I’ll admit that we do not really need to choose between the two, for the two events go together. Without one, the other loses all its power to save. But it is an interesting question to consider. By distinguishing between the death of Christ and his resurrection, we can consider what was accomplished through each. 

As we think about the death of Christ on the cross, we confess that it was there on the cross that the work required for our redemption was completed (see John 17:4; John 19:30). There on the cross, our salvation was earned and secured (see Ephesians 1:11; Hebrews 9:15). Jesus atoned for our sins when he bled and died on the cross (see Matthew 26:27-28; Romans 3:25; Hebrews 2:17; 1 John 2:2; 1 John 4:10). There he bore the wrath of God in our place (Matthew 27:46) and paid the full ransom price for our freedom  (Matthew 20:28; 1 Timothy 2:6). It should be clear to all, that without the cross of Christ, there is no salvation, for there on the cross our salvation was earned. 

Furthermore, we must confess that when Jesus’ body was laid in the grave and his soul descended to Sheol, there was no more work for Jesus to do. His body rested in the tomb on the Sabbath day. His soul rested in Paradise. There, Jesus proclaimed that the victory had been won. And it was because the victory had been won that Jesus was raised in glory on the third day. 

In fact, given Jesus’ person and work, it was inevitable that Jesus was raised from the dead. Given the work he had completed—given his active and passive obedience— he could not remain dead but had to be raised. This is what Peter said when he preached to the Jews on the day of Pentecost:  

“Men of Israel, hear these words: Jesus of Nazareth, a man attested to you by God with mighty works and wonders and signs that God did through him in your midst, as you yourselves know— this Jesus, delivered up according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God, you crucified and killed by the hands of lawless men. God raised him up, loosing the pangs of death, because it was not possible for him to be held by it. For David says concerning him [in Psalm 16:8-11], ‘I saw the Lord always before me, for he is at my right hand that I may not be shaken; therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced; my flesh also will dwell in hope. For you will not abandon my soul to Hades, or let your Holy One see corruption. You have made known to me the paths of life; you will make me full of gladness with your presence.’ Brothers, I may say to you with confidence about the patriarch David that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. Being therefore a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that he would set one of his descendants on his throne, he foresaw and spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that he was not abandoned to Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption. This Jesus God raised up, and of that we all are witnesses.” (Acts 2:22–32, ESV)

As I have said, Jesus couldn’t be held by death, given who he is and what he had done.

The crucifixion of Christ was vital to the accomplishment of our redemption, but so too was Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. If Jesus died and remained dead, we would be without hope. It is only because Jesus Christ was raised from the dead that we have the forgiveness of our sins and new life in him. It is only because Christ was raised from the dead bodily that we will be raised bodily too. It is only because he was raised to life in glory that we have the sure hope of life in glory with him. You see, Christ did not only come to live for sinners (so that we might be given his righteousness), and to die for sinners (so that our sins would be atoned for and washed away. No, Jesus also came to be raised for sinners, so that we might be raised to life in him. It is only because Jesus was raised from the dead that we have new life (regeneration) in him, are cleansed by him, and have the sure hope of life in glory in him.  If Jesus were not raised, then he would have no power to save. 

And so the Apostle says, 

“if Christ has not been raised, then our preaching is in vain and your faith is in vain… And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile and you are still in your sins. Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished. If in Christ we have hope in this life only, we are of all people most to be pitied. But in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For as by a man came death, by a man has come also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:14–23, ESV).

It should be clear to all that the death of Christ was of paramount importance. But equally important is his resurrection. In fact, these two events are inseparable. They are not really two events, but two vitally important parts of God’s plan of redemption. I suppose the same can be said of all that was done by Jesus Christ for the accomplishment of our redemption. How are we saved? How has Christ redeemed us from our sin and misery?  How are we rescued from death (in Adam) and brought to life in glory? Through the birth, life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, the eternally begotten Son of God incarnate. It is only through union with Christ that we are made alive! In him we have life because he lives. In him, we will enter into glory, because he has entered into glory. 

All who are born into this world physically are born “in Adam”. Adam is the head of the human race, and so we have Adam as our covenant head by natural birth. How then do we come to be “in Christ”? We are united to Christ by faith, and this faith is the gift of God. Our ability to truly see and believe in Jesus is brought about by the new birth (see John 1:12-14; 3:1-15; 6:44, 56). All of this is a gift from the Father, who is love. “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16, ESV). What does it mean that God the Father “gave his only Son”? This single act of giving involved many things, including the birth, life, death, burial, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus. In this way—through his humiliation and exultation—through his descent and ascent—he has accomplished our salvation. And this salvation is received by all who believe and trust in him truly.

The Apostle Paul is right. The death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus are all of first importance. This is what he says in 1 Corinthians 15:3-4: “For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received: that Christ died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures…” (1 Corinthians 15:3–4, ESV). 

The point of the passage open before us today in Luke is this: Jesus is risen; he is risen indeed! In fact, this is the main point of the entire 24th chapter of Luke’s gospel, for here Luke piles up witness to Jesus’ resurrection. Here we find three witnesses to the empty tomb: a group of women,  two angels, and Peter.   

The Women

First, let us consider the testimony of the women. 

In verse 1, we read, “But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared” (Luke 24:1, ESV). “They” refers back to the women who were mentioned in 23:55-56. There we read, “The women who had come with [Jesus] from Galilee followed [Joseph of Arimethea] and saw the tomb and how [Jesus’] body was laid. Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment” (Luke 23:55–56, ESV). It was these women who then returned at early dawn to show honor to Jesus’ body by adding the spices they had prepared on the Day of Preparation to the 75 pounds of myrrh and aloes that Nicoduemous had applied. In Luke 24:10, we learn who these women were: “Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and… other women with them” (Luke 24:10, ESV) (see Matthew 27:56; Mark 15:40, 41; John 19:25; John 20:1, 18). 

These women had followed Jesus closely in the days of his earthly ministry. It was in Luke 8:1 that we read, “Soon afterward [Jesus] went on through cities and villages, proclaiming and bringing the good news of the kingdom of God. And the twelve were with him, and also some women who had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities: Mary, called Magdalene, from whom seven demons had gone out, and Joanna, the wife of Chuza, Herod’s household manager, and Susanna, and many others, who provided for them out of their means” (Luke 8:1–3, ESV). Not only did these women follow Jesus closely in the days of his earthly ministry, but they also drew near to Jesus in his death. Consider their love for Jesus. Consider their bravery. Consider their devotion to Christ. 

In verse 2, we read, “And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb…” (Luke 24:2, ESV). I should probably describe what the tomb that Jesus was laid in was like. It was not a grave as we know it. It was like a cave—either a natural one, or one that had been cut into the rock. After Jesus’ body was placed in the tomb, a round stone was rolled in front of it to block the entrance. 

Matthew says that the stone was “a great stone” (Matthew 27:60). Mark says, “it was very large” (Mark 16:4). Customarily, these large round stones would be rolled into an indentation in the rock to lock them securely in place. So large were these stones that it would have been impossible for one man to move them. In fact, Mark tells us that the women who went to the tomb knew that they would not be able to move it as a group. As they went to the tomb, “they were saying to one another, ‘Who will roll away the stone for us from the entrance of the tomb? And looking up, they saw that the stone had been rolled back—it was very large” (Mark 16:4, ESV).

Not only was the stone very large and impossible for one man, or even a group of women, to move. We must remember that the entrance to Jesus’ tomb had been sealed and a band of soldiers had been assigned to guard it (see Matthew 27:62 -66). What happened to these soldiers, and who, exactly, broke the seal and rolled this stone away?  Luke does not tell us, but Matthew does. In Matthew 28:1 we read, “Now after the Sabbath, toward the dawn of the first day of the week, Mary Magdalene and the other Mary went to see the tomb. And behold, there was a great earthquake, for an angel of the Lord descended from heaven and came and rolled back the stone and sat on it. His appearance was like lightning, and his clothing white as snow. And for fear of him the guards trembled and became like dead men” (Matthew 28:1–4, ESV). 

The Angels

This brings us now to the witness of the angels. 

Matthew mentions one angel sitting on top of the stone that he had rolled away. He tells us that the angel greeted the women when they arrived, saying, “Do not be afraid, for I know that you seek Jesus who was crucified. He is not here, for he has risen, as he said. Come, see the place where he lay” (Matthew 28:5–6, ESV).  Luke picks the story up after this. Verse 3: “but when they went in they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus. While they were perplexed about this, behold, two men stood by them in dazzling apparel. And as they were frightened and bowed their faces to the ground, the men said to them, ‘Why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here, but has risen” (Luke 24:4–6, ESV).

Note two things about verses 3-6. First of all, this is the first time that Luke refers to Jesus as “the Lord Jesus”. If it were not for Mark 16:19, this would be the first occurrence of this title in the New Testament. But as I have said, here in Luke 24:3, Luke refers to Jesus as “the Lord Jesus” for the very first time. This is significant because Jesus is often referred to as “the Lord Jesus” in Luke’s second volume, the Book of Acts. In Acts, Jesus is called “the Lord Jesus” eighteen times. Secondly, this title for Jesus is used for the first time in connection with Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. Question: When did Jesus of Nazareth become the Lord Jesus? Answer: When he rose from the dead in victory. It was then that he, the God-man, began his ascent. It was then that he entered into the estate of glory. It was then, at the resurrection, that all things in heaven and earth were subjected to him. True, the Lord Jesus was enthroned as King when he ascended to the Father and sat down at his right hand, but all authority in heaven and earth was given to him when he was raised (see Matthew 28:18). It is for this reason that Luke refers to him, for the first time, the Lord Jesus Christ. 

If we consider Jesus Christ from the vantage point of his divine nature, then we must confess that he is the eternal LORD, the creator and sustainer of all things. Considered from this vantage point, Jesus did not become LORD, but always has been and ever shall be. But when we consider the man Jesus, we must confess that all authority in heaven and earth was given to him after he won the victory over sin, Satan, and death and was raised from the dead. 

This is what the Apostle has in mind when he says, “Have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus, who, though he was in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men. And being found in human form, he humbled himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. Therefore God has highly exalted him and bestowed on him the name that is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:5–11, ESV).

When the women entered the tomb, they were greeted by angels. Angels greeted them because the heavenly hosts have an interest in God’s plan of redemption (see 1 Peter 1:12), and they are his messengers and servants (see Hebrews 1:14). These angels (we do not know their names) were blessed to deliver the greatest news of all for mankind: “Why do you seek the living among the dead? He is not here, but has risen” (Luke 24:5–6, ESV). After this, the angels served these women by reminding them of Jesus’ words. Verse 6: “He is not here, but has risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified and on the third day rise” (Luke 24:6–7, ESV). 

Isn’t it incredible how slow and forgetful we can sometimes be? As disciples of Jesus, we hear the word of Christ read and preached, but we are often slow learners. We listen poorly. We quickly forget the precious words we have heard. May the Lord have mercy on us. This was even true of the original disciples of Jesus who walked with him in the days of his earthly ministry. 

Luke records three instances wherein Jesus foretold, not only his death, but also his resurrection on the third day.  In Luke 9:22, we read, “The Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and on the third day be raised” (Luke 9:22, ESV). In Luke 11:29, Jesus spoke to the crowds, saying, “This generation is an evil generation. It seeks for a sign, but no sign will be given to it except the sign of Jonah. For as Jonah became a sign to the people of Nineveh, so will the Son of Man be to this generation” (Luke 11:29-30, ESV). And in Luke 18:31 we read, “And taking the twelve, he said to them, ‘See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and everything that is written about the Son of Man by the prophets will be accomplished. For he will be delivered over to the Gentiles and will be mocked and shamefully treated and spit upon. And after flogging him, they will kill him, and on the third day he will rise.’ But they understood none of these things. This saying was hidden from them, and they did not grasp what was said” (Luke 18:31–34, ESV).

That little remark, “this saying was hidden from them”, is interesting. Why did God hide this saying from the disciples of Jesus? Why would he allow them to remain ignorant concerning the death and resurrection of Christ? This is a difficult question. Perhaps we will never know for sure, at least not in this life. But I would like to present you with one possible reason. Perhaps one of the greatest proofs for the truthfulness of the resurrection of Jesus is this: the disciples of Jesus did not expect it. They were shocked when he was arrested, unjustly condemned, and killed. They were given over to hopelessness and despair. The thought that Jesus would be raised from the dead wasn’t even on their minds. When the women went to the tomb, they brought the spices they had prepared. Why? Because they fully expected to find the body of Jesus there. And when they returned to share the news that he had risen with the other disciples, everyone doubted them. Jesus had to prove to his disciples that he had risen from the grave, and so he did, as we will see. Nothing less than undeniable proof that he is risen would move these men and women to sacrifice all for the sake of Christ in the future. 

Why were these sayings of Jesus regarding his death and third-day resurrection hidden from his disciples so that they did not understand? Perhaps it was so that we might have this evidence for the truthfulness of the resurrection. The disciples were all filled with doubt and dismay, disbelief and despair, but Christ overcame all of that by proving that he was alive. Then why did Jesus bother to predict his death and third-day resurrection at all, if the disciples would not understand? It was so the angel could say,  “He is not here, but has risen. Remember how he told you, while he was still in Galilee, that the Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men and be crucified and on the third day rise” (Luke 24:6–7, ESV). The disciples could not comprehend the saying when it was first delivered to them, but they could remember the saying once reminded about it, and this further strengthened their faith that these things were true. The death, burial, and resurrection of Christ were not accidents. No, they were planned. Jesus predicted these events. The Scriptures fortold them. And they were accomplished according to the definite plan and foreknowledge of God from all eternity. 

Peter

This brings us now to Peter. 

Look at verse 8. “And [the women] remembered [Jesus’] words, and returning from the tomb they told all these things to the eleven and to all the rest. Now it was Mary Magdalene and Joanna and Mary the mother of James and the other women with them who told these things to the apostles, but these words seemed to them an idle tale, and they did not believe them. But Peter rose and ran to the tomb; stooping and looking in, he saw the linen cloths by themselves; and he went home marveling at what had happened.” (Luke 24:8–12, ESV)

Briefly, notice four things about this portion of our text. 

One, though the disciples of Jesus were despondent and doubting, they were together.  Dear brothers and sisters, do not neglect assembling with the saints during times of discouragement or doubt. It is often when we are assembled together that words of will come. It is when we are assembled that the risen Christ meets with his people to strengthen us with his word.  

Two, notice that what I said just a moment ago about the disciples being filled with despair and doubt is true. They were not looking for the death and resurrection of Christ. No, they were distraught over his death and oblivious to his resurrection. When the women returned from the tomb to share the good news, “but these words seemed to them an idle tale, and they did not believe them” (Luke 24:11, ESV). Nothing less than proof of Christ’s resurrection would overcome the doubting minds of the apostles.

Three, notice that Peter, the one who denied Jesus three times, was there with the others. Peter’s fall was great, but he was repentant. He did not run away from the other apostles, and they did not shun him. Was he restored by Christ? Not yet. But there he remained with the others. And so it should be us. When we fall into sin, we must not absent ourselves from the fellowship, but turn from our sins, draw near to God through Christ, and remain with Christ’s people.     

Four, Luke tells us that it was Peter who ran to the tomb to see if the story that the women told was true. John tells us in his Gospel that he also ran to the tomb. Peter ran first. John ran after him and was faster, so John came to the tomb first. But John waited at the door, and so Peter entered first (see John 20:3-9). Luke does not mention John. He focuses on Peter to show that Peter’s love for Jesus remained. Judas betrayed Jesus, and Peter denied Jesus. The sins of both these men were terrible. But Judas and Peter were very different. Judas was a wicked man whose faith was false. Peter was a weak man whose faith was true. His love for Jesus, though imperfect, was true (see John 21:15-23).

Conclusion

Friends, Christ is risen, he is risen indeed. And it is only because Christ is risen that we have the forgiveness of our sins and the hope of life everlasting. We have considered three witnesses to the resurrection of Christ today: the women who were the first to see the empty tomb, the angels, and Peter. We will encounter more witnesses as we work our way through this final chapter in Luke’s Gospel in the weeks to come.  May the Lord bless us with strong faith in the Lord Jesus, our crucified and risen Savior.    

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 16

“A MIKTAM OF DAVID. Preserve me, O God, for in you I take refuge. I say to the LORD, ‘You are my Lord; I have no good apart from you.’ As for the saints in the land, they are the excellent ones, in whom is all my delight. The sorrows of those who run after another god shall multiply; their drink offerings of blood I will not pour out or take their names on my lips. The LORD is my chosen portion and my cup; you hold my lot. The lines have fallen for me in pleasant places; indeed, I have a beautiful inheritance. I bless the LORD who gives me counsel; in the night also my heart instructs me. I have set the LORD always before me; because he is at my right hand, I shall not be shaken. Therefore my heart is glad, and my whole being rejoices; my flesh also dwells secure. For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption. You make known to me the path of life; in your presence there is fullness of joy; at your right hand are pleasures forevermore.” (Psalm 16, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 23:50-56

“Now there was a man named Joseph, from the Jewish town of Arimathea. He was a member of the council, a good and righteous man, who had not consented to their decision and action; and he was looking for the kingdom of God. This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus. Then he took it down and wrapped it in a linen shroud and laid him in a tomb cut in stone, where no one had ever yet been laid. It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning. The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid. Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment.” (Luke 23:50–56, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church, but without the benefit of proofreading.

Introduction

It was in Luke 23:46 that we heard about the death of Jesus. There we read, “Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!’ And having said this he breathed his last” (Luke 23:46, ESV). 

Where did the spirit, or soul, of the man Jesus go when he died? His soul went to Paradise (see Luke 23:43), that is, into the place of comfort within Sheol or Hades, which is sometimes called Abraham’s bosom (see Luke 16:22). Immediately before Jesus breathed his last breath, he committed his human spirit, or soul, to God the Father. And we know that God the Father was faithful to keep Jesus’ soul, for on the third day, Jesus was raised from the dead. His human soul, which was separated from his human body at death, was reunited with his resurrected and glorified body. This was to fulfill the prophecy of Psalm 16:10, wherein King David says, “For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol…” (Psalm 16:10, ESV). 

But as you know, human beings are made up of two parts. We have souls, and we have bodies.  And so it is with the man Jesus. So where did the body of Jesus go after he died? Answer: His body went where all human bodies should go when they die, namely, into the grave. So then, the soul of Jesus went where all souls would go before the resurrection of Christ, namely, into Sheol. And his body went where all human bodies should go after death, namely, into the grave. 

You say, Why does it matter where the body and soul of Jesus went after death? It matters immensely! And the importance of this will become clear when we remember that Jesus was on a rescue mission. The eternal Son of God descended for us and for our salvation. He, being the eternal begotten Son from the Father, took to himself a true human nature, body and soul, so that he might redeem and rescue human beings, body and soul. 

It was as a human being that Jesus kept God’s law and suffered to pay the price of our redemption. It was as a human being that he shed his blood to make atonement for the sins of many. And it was as a human being that Jesus Christ tasted death for everyone. This is what Hebrews 2:9 says:“But we see him who for a little while was made lower than the angels, namely Jesus, crowned with glory and honor because of the suffering of death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for everyone” (Hebrews 2:9, ESV).

What does it mean that Jesus tasted death? It means that he truly experienced it. Jesus really died on that cross. He suffered all the way to the point of death, and having breathed his last, he entered into death. Once his work was finished, his human soul was separated from his human body. His soul went to Sheol. His body was placed in the grave. And on the third day, it was from the dead that he was raised. 

And why did Jesus have to taste death? Answer: So that he might defeat it for us.  This is what Hebrews 2:14 says: “Since therefore the children share in flesh and blood, he himself likewise partook of the same things, that through death he might destroy the one who has the power of death, that is, the devil, and deliver all those who through fear of death were subject to lifelong slavery” (Hebrews 2:14–15, ESV). Friends, it was by tasting or experiencing death—it was by entering into it, body and soul—that Jesus Christ has defeated death for his people, and has thus freed us from the fear of death.   

As I have said, we must remeber that Jesus was on a rescue mission. If hostages are taken by an enemy force, what will be required to obtain their freedom if negotiations fail? Special forces will need to be sent in to set the captives free. And it will not do for them to fight from a distance. They will need to go in—all the way in—to confront the enemy face to face, to defeat them, and to lead the captives to freedom. This is what Jesus did when he died. He did merely come close to death. He did not experience it only for a moment. No, he entered all the way in. He tasted or experienced death for his people. His soul went to Sheol. Why? So that he, having defeated sin and Satan through his obedient life and sacrificial death, might defeat death too, and open the doors of Sheol. And his body was placed in the grave. Why? So that he might open the doors of the grave. And to be clear, Jesus has opened the doors of Sheol and the grave, not for himself only, but for all who are united to him by faith. This is why he spoke to the Apostle John, saying, “Fear not, I am the first and the last, and the living one. I died, and behold I am alive forevermore, and I have the keys of Death and Hades” (Revelation 1:17–18, ESV). What do keys do except lock and unlock doors? And Jesus Christ entered into Sheol and the grave so that he might unlock the doors for his people and set the captives free. 

It was in Luke 23:46 that Christ committed his soul into the hands of God the Father. Here in the text that is open before us today, we consider the body of Jesus. Just as Jesus knew that God the Father would not abandon his soul to Sheol, so too, he knew that God would not allow his body to see corruption or decay, but that his body would be raised on the third day (see Luke 18:33). This was to fulfill to the second half of Psalm 16:10, wherein King David, who trusted in Christ and was a type of the Christ to come, said, “For you will not abandon my soul to Sheol, or let your holy one see corruption” (see also Acts 2:27-31, 13:34-39).

Dear friends, Jesus died to save his people from the fear of death by defeating death for us, In the text that is open before us, Luke presents two sets of witnesses concerning Jesus’ death.  The first is Joseph of Aramethia and his companions. The second group is the women who followed close behind to see where his body was placed. We will briefly consider these two sets of witnesses, and we will learn some things along the way.  

 Joseph Of Arimathea

The man named Joseph is introduced in verses 50-51. Luke tells us a few things about him: One, Joseph was a Jew from the town of Arimathea. Two, he was a member of the council, that is to say, the Sanhedrin, who had unjustly condemned Jesus and pressured Pilate to put Jesus to death. Three, he was a good and righteous man. This does not mean he was sinless or righteous before God in and of himself, but that he was good and righteous, relatively speaking. He was not a wicked hypocrite like most of the other members of the council. His faith was sincere, and his heart was relatively pure. His goodness and his righteousness were shown in that he, fourthly, “had not consented to [the council’s] decision and action…” (Luke 23:51, ESV). I think you will agree that this was a bold and courageous act. When the majority is moving decisively in one direction, it takes courage to stand against them and to withhold consent, and this is what Joseph of Arimathia did. He did not believe that Jesus was guilty or worthy of death, and so he opposed the majority. Fifthly, Luke tells us that this Joseph “was looking for the kingdom of God” (Luke 23:51, ESV). This means he was looking for the arrival of the Messiah, the son promised to King David, whose kingdom would never come to an end (2 Samuel 7:12-13), and for the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:31-34)—all of which were promised in the Old Testament Scriptures. When Luke tells us that Joseph of Aramathia was looking for the kingdom of God, it not only tells us something about him (that his faith was sincere), but it also implies that most of the others serving on the council were not really looking for it. Their eyes were fixed on this earth and the kingdoms of this earth. Their treasure and their hope were here on earth, and so they put Jesus to death, because he was a threat to them. But Joseph of Arimathea was a spiritually minded man. He was looking for the kingdom of God (see Matthew 6:25-34).

We learn a little more about this man from the other Gospels. Mark tells us that he was a “respected member of the council” (Mark 15:43). This indicates that he was well respected by the others on the council. His decision to withhold his consent was significant, therefore, but it did not stop the bloodthirsty majority from committing this heinous act. Matthew tells us that he was a rich man (see Matthew 27:57). Matthew also says that Joseph was “a disciple of Jesus” (Matthew 27:57). And John says the same thing in his Gospel, but he adds this remark: “but secretly for fear of the Jews” (John 19:38). 

[This is fascinating to me. We know that twelve followed Jesus closely in the days of his earthly ministry.  We know that there were seventy other disciples besides the twelve. We also know that hundreds, and at times, perhaps thousands, followed Jesus at a distance. But here we discover that some were disciples of Jesus secretly. These heard the teachings of Jesus and considered his works from afar. At some point, they came to believe in the mind and heart, but kept it private. This was the case with this wealthy and highly respected member of the Jewish Sanhedrin. For some time—we do not know how long; was it days or months? The Scriptures do not say—Joseph “was a disciple of Jesus, but secretly for fear of the Jews…” (John 19:38, ESV). Dear friends, though it is possible to be a disciple of Jesus privately for a short time, it is impossible to remain private about it (see Matthew 10:32-33). At some point, a true disciple of Jesus will openly identify with their Lord and Savior. At some point, the faith that is hidden in their heart will need to be professed (see 1 Timothy 6:12). At some point, the one who believes in the heart must confess that Jesus is their Lord. As the Scriptures say, “if you confess with your mouth that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one believes and is justified, and with the mouth one confesses and is saved” (Romans 10:10, ESV). Under the New Covenant, this public profession or confession is made, not only with the lips, but once through water Baptism, and again and again at the Lord’s Table. It may be that some listening to this sermon are, up to this point, secret disciples of Jesus. Friend, if this describes you—if you are a disciple of Jesus secretly in the heart—the time has come for you to profess your faith and to openly confess that Jesus is your Lord. A true disciple of Jesus may keep their faith hidden and private for a time, but no true disciple of Jesus will keep it hidden for long. Those who trust in Jesus truly and love him sincerely will not remain silent about their devotion to him.] 

Joseph of Aramathia knew that the time had come for him to cease being a secret disciple of Jesus and to be open about it. And consider the bold and courageous way in which he emerged from the shadows. In verse 52, Luke tells us that “This man went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus.” This proves that Joseph was a powerful and well-respected man—he had access to Pilate. Mark tells us in his Gospel that “Pilate was surprised to hear that [Jesus] should have already died. And summoning the centurion, he asked him whether he was already dead” (Mark 15:44, ESV). This was likely the same centurion who oversaw the crucifixions that day, and when he saw Jesus breathe his last breath, he gave glory to God and said, “Certainly this man was innocent!” (Luke 23:47, ESV), and “Truly this was the Son of God!” (Matthew 27:54, ESV). Notice this, brothers and sisters: It was not the close, intimate disciples of Jesus who testified to Jesus’ death, but those on the outside—a Roman Centurion and a respected member of the Sanhedrin. Jesus really died. The Gospel writers want us to be sure of that, and so they present credible witnesses—the Roman centurion and Joseph of Aramathia, a respected member of the council who had much to lose by identifying with Jesus by showing him honor in his death.   

It was Joseph of Arimathea who went to Pilate to ask for the body of Jesus. And after Pilate had investigated to be sure that Jesus was really dead, he permitted Joseph to have Jesus’ body so that it might be properly buried. Verse 53: “Then he took it down and wrapped it in a linen shroud and laid him in a tomb cut in stone, where no one had ever yet been laid” (Luke 23:53, ESV). It should be clear to all that it would have been impossible for Joseph to take the body of Jesus down from the cross of his own. Others (perhaps Roman soldiers) must have helped him. If Jesus was not dead, these others who handled his body would have known. And John tells us in his Gospel that Nicodemus, who was also a ruler of the Jews, “who earlier had come to Jesus by night [see John 3:1-15], came bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about seventy-five pounds in weight” (John 19:39, ESV), and they they, together, “took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen cloths with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews” (John 19:40, ESV). When Jesus was placed in this grave, which was likely owned by Joseph of Arimathea, it fulfilled the prophecy of Isaiah 53:9, which says, “And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth” (Isaiah 53:9, ESV).

The Women

There was another group of people who could see that Jesus was truly dead and witnessed his burial in that tomb, namely, the female disciples of Jesus who had followed him from Galilee. In verse 54 we read, “It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning. The women who had come with him from Galilee followed and saw the tomb and how his body was laid. Then they returned and prepared spices and ointments. On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment” (Luke 23:54–56, ESV).

In addition to the Roman centurion and Joseph of Aramathian and his companions, these women were witnesses to Jesus’ death and burial. They followed Joseph and Nicodemus to the tomb. They saw the tomb and how Jesus’ body was laid. They were witnesses. And because it was the day of Preparation—that is to say, Friday, the day before the original, seventh-day Sabbath—and because the Sabbath was about to begin with the setting of the sun, they returned to where they were staying, and prepared spices and ointments, with which they intended to further honor the body of Jesus. But notice, they would not violate the commandment of God; rather, “On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment” (Luke 23:56, ESV). 

Luke’s emphasis on the timing of Jesus’ death and burial in relation to the Sabbath is interesting to consider. Luke stresses that, “It was the day of Preparation, and the Sabbath was beginning” (Luke 23:54, ESV). He informs us that Jesus was buried at the very end of the day of Preparation and just before the Sabbath began. These women did not have enough time to prepare spices and ointments and to return to the tomb before the sun set. They had to wait. And Luke informs us that the women allowed the body of Jesus to lie undisturbed in the tomb on the Sabbath day as they observed the Sabbath according to the commandment. Why all of this detail regarding the burial of Jesus in relation to the Sabbath?

Most fundamentally, it provides us with a timeline. Jesus died on Friday. His body was placed in the tomb before sundown. It lay undisturbed from sundown on Friday evening, and when the women returned at early dawn on the first day of the week, that is to say, on Sunday, they found the stone had been rolled away, and they did not find the body of Jesus, for he had arisen (Luke 24:1-3).  

By the way, Matthew provides us with an interesting detail in his Gospel. In 27:62, he reports that “The next day, that is, after the day of Preparation, the chief priests and the Pharisees gathered before Pilate and said, ‘Sir, we remember how that impostor said, while he was still alive, ‘After three days I will rise.’ Therefore order the tomb to be made secure until the third day, lest his disciples go and steal him away and tell the people, ‘He has risen from the dead,’ and the last fraud will be worse than the first.’ Pilate said to them, ‘You have a guard of soldiers. Go, make it as secure as you can.” So they went and made the tomb secure by sealing the stone and setting a guard.’” (Matthew 27:62–66, ESV).

So, most fundamentally, Luke’s mention of the Sabbath provides us with a timeline. But I think there is also a theological and practical reason that Luke mentioned the Sabbath. Theologically, it is important to see that, even in his death, Jesus was faithful to keep the Sabbath. He finished the work that God gave him to do on the day of Preparation before the Sabbath began, and then he entered into rest. When Jesus’ soul descended to Sheol, it was not to work there, but to rest there, and to proclaim victory to those who were waiting for him. And his body was also laid to rest. When Jesus breathed his last, his work was finished, and he entered into rest, thus keeping and fulfilling the Sabbath command.  

Practically, when Luke mentions that the women rested according to the commandment, it shows that the disciples of Jesus are to be concerned with keeping the Sabbath even still. Now granted, the Sabbath these women kept was the original, seventh-day Sabbath—the one that was instituted by God at the time of creation and reiterated through Moses after the Exodus and engraved by the finger of God as the fourth of the Ten Commandments. Friends, we do not keep the seventh-day Sabbath anymore, for, as has just been said, Jesus kept it and fulfilled it by accomplishing his work and entering into his rest. But a Sabbath-keeping remains for the people of God (see Hebrews 4:9). According to the law of Christ, being moved by our gratitude for what Christ has accomplished, we rest and worship on the first day of the week, which is called the Lord’s Day (see Revelation 1:10), and then we work diligently for six days by the strength that Christ supplies. Notice how diligent these women were to keep the Sabbath day holy. Not even their desire to care for the body of Jesus would lead them to violate God’s moral law. No, they prepared all they could on the day of Preparation. “On the Sabbath they rested according to the commandment” (Luke 23:56, ESV). And only after the Sabbath had ended did they return to the tomb. Luke 24:1 says, “But on the first day of the week, at early dawn, they went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared. And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb, but when they went in they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus” (Luke 24:1–3, ESV). And it is here at this moment that the Sabbath day shifts from the seventh day to the first. 

The seventh-day Sabbath commemorated the original creation and agreed with the terms of the Covenant of Works. Work to enter God’s rest, it said. Well, Jesus, the second and greater Adam has succeeded. He accomplished his work and has entered into rest. And when he accomplished his work of redemption, he ushered in a New Creation and New Covenant. The terms of this New Covenant could not be more different than the terms of the Covenant of Works. We do not work to enter God’s rest. No, we enter God’s rest by trusting in Jesus and the work he has done for us, and then we work (obey) out of gratitude for all he has done. The first day, Lord’s Day, New Covenant, Christian Sabbath, agrees with this arrangement. The work that Jesus has done brings us rest. First, we rest in him. After that, we strive to obey him out of the strength he supplies, because we are grateful. On the first day of every week, let us do what these disciples of Jesus did: “at early dawn, they went to the tomb, taking the spices they had prepared. And they found the stone rolled away from the tomb, but when they went in they did not find the body of the Lord Jesus” (Luke 24:1–3, ESV). In other words, with our hearts, minds, and bodies prepared for worship, let us assemble together, not on the seventh day, but on the first, to give Jesus, our crucified, dead, buried, risen, and ascended Messiah, the worship he commands and deserves. 

Conclusion

Dear friends, Jesus truly died for sinners. He tasted death and has won the victory over it, for God did not abandon his soul to Sheol, or let his holy one see corruption (see Psalm 16:10). And for this reason, those who trust in Jesus are no longer in bondage to the fear of death. If God did not abandon Jesus’ soul to Sheol, and his body to decay in the grave, then he will not abandon us either, provided we are united to Jesus by faith. For “in fact Christ has been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep. For as by a man came death, by a man has come also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. But each in his own order: Christ the firstfruits, then at his coming those who belong to Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:20–23, ESV).

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 31

“TO THE CHOIRMASTER. A PSALM OF DAVID. In you, O LORD, do I take refuge; let me never be put to shame; in your righteousness deliver me! Incline your ear to me; rescue me speedily! Be a rock of refuge for me, a strong fortress to save me! For you are my rock and my fortress; and for your name’s sake you lead me and guide me; you take me out of the net they have hidden for me, for you are my refuge. Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O LORD, faithful God. I hate those who pay regard to worthless idols, but I trust in the LORD. I will rejoice and be glad in your steadfast love, because you have seen my affliction; you have known the distress of my soul, and you have not delivered me into the hand of the enemy; you have set my feet in a broad place. Be gracious to me, O LORD, for I am in distress; my eye is wasted from grief; my soul and my body also. For my life is spent with sorrow, and my years with sighing; my strength fails because of my iniquity, and my bones waste away. Because of all my adversaries I have become a reproach, especially to my neighbors, and an object of dread to my acquaintances; those who see me in the street flee from me. I have been forgotten like one who is dead; I have become like a broken vessel. For I hear the whispering of many— terror on every side!— as they scheme together against me, as they plot to take my life. But I trust in you, O LORD; I say, ‘You are my God.’ My times are in your hand; rescue me from the hand of my enemies and from my persecutors! Make your face shine on your servant; save me in your steadfast love! O LORD, let me not be put to shame, for I call upon you; let the wicked be put to shame; let them go silently to Sheol. Let the lying lips be mute, which speak insolently against the righteous in pride and contempt. Oh, how abundant is your goodness, which you have stored up for those who fear you and worked for those who take refuge in you, in the sight of the children of mankind! In the cover of your presence you hide them from the plots of men; you store them in your shelter from the strife of tongues. Blessed be the LORD, for he has wondrously shown his steadfast love to me when I was in a besieged city. I had said in my alarm, ‘I am cut off from your sight.’ But you heard the voice of my pleas for mercy when I cried to you for help. Love the LORD, all you his saints! The LORD preserves the faithful but abundantly repays the one who acts in pride. Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all you who wait for the LORD!” (Psalm 31, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 23:44-49

“It was now about the sixth hour, and there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour, while the sun’s light failed. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two. Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!’ And having said this he breathed his last. Now when the centurion saw what had taken place, he praised God, saying, ‘Certainly this man was innocent!’ And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home beating their breasts. And all his acquaintances and the women who had followed him from Galilee stood at a distance watching these things.” (Luke 23:44–49, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church, but without the benefit of proofreading.

Sermon

Here in the text that is open before us today, we consider the death of the Son of God. 

You have probably noticed that in the introduction to the last few sermons, I have emphasized Jesus’ divinity. That Jesus was and is truly human is clear in the texts we have been considering. A traitorous friend betrayed him. He was taken captive by his enemies. His closest companion denied that he knew him. He was falsely accused, mocked, beaten, and unjustly condemned. Jesus experienced sorrow and anguish in his soul. His body was bruised. His blood was shed. His physical strength failed him—he could not carry his cross to the place of his crucifixion. Nails were driven through his hands and feet. Finally, he was lifted up from the earth on a cross of wood and was made a spectacle before men. There he died a slow, painful death. That Jesus was truly human is clear, for he suffered and died as only a human can do. But as we contemplate the man Jesus—the sufferings he endured, and the death that he died—we must not forget who he is. He is the person of the eternal Son or Word of God, incarnate (see Luke 1:32, 35; Matthew 1:23; John 1:1-14). So then, it was God who was betrayed; it was God who was put on trial; it was God who was condemned; it was God who was beaten, who bled, was crucified, and died.  

Does it sound strange to you to hear me say that God endured these mistreatments? Does it sound odd to hear me say that God bled and died? If you know the truth about God, comments like these should grab your attention and move you to ask, How can it be that the one who is infinite, eternal, and unchangeable could experience these things? How can it be that God, who knows all things and has all power, could be taken captive by sinful men? How can it be that God, who is a most pure spirit, without a body, parts, or passions, could suffer in this way? How can God be bruised? How can God bleed? Finally, how can the one who has “all life, glory, goodness, blessedness, in and of himself”—the all-sufficient one—die (Second London confession 2.2)? The answer is this: it was not the divine nature that suffered, bled, and died, but the person or subsistence of the eternally begotten Son. It was the person of the Word or Son who suffered, bled, and died, not according to his divine nature, but through the human nature he has assumed. In this way, God, who cannot suffer, bleed, or die, suffered, bled, and died for us and for our salvation (see Acts 20:28). It is a great mystery, brothers and sisters. It is beyond our ability to comprehend, but it is true. This is what it took to redeem us from our sin and misery. It took a man to redeem men and women from their sin and misery, but no mere man could do it, given our sin and weakness. God had to do this work, and he has done it. Jesus Christ is a true man, but he is no mere man, and so our Savior’s name is Immanuel, which means God with us (see Matthew 1:23). 

Today, we will contemplate the death of Jesus Christ, the Son of God incarnate. The words that men say, and the words that are said to them or about them at the moment of their death, are weighty and significant. Let us consider, therefore, what Jesus said and what was said about him at the time of his death. In this text, we encounter words from God in heaven, words from sinners on earth, and words from Jesus himself.    

Words Spoken By God From Heaven

First, let us consider the words spoken by God from heaven. 

To be clear, these words spoken by God were not audible words heard with the ear; rather, they were visible words, or signs, perceived with the eye. Luke mentions two signs. 

First, he reports that as Jesus hung on the cross, there was darkness over the whole land from noon to 3:00 PM. 

This was a very ominous sign. Can you imagine it? Imagine being one of the members of the Sanhedrin who saw to it that Jesus was crucified. Or put yourself in Pilate’s shoes. He knew that Jesus was innocent, and yet he condemned him to avoid difficulty. Or imagine being one of the Roman soldiers who beat Jesus or who drove the nails through his hands and feet. Or place yourself amongst the crowds who witnessed all of this. To one degree or another, everyone knew that Jesus claimed to be more than a mere man—he claimed to be the Son of God, the King of the Jews, the Messiah. When darkness covered the land for three hours as Jesus hung on the cross, all could perceive that something truly momentous was happening. 

Some think that this was a perfectly timed solar eclipse. But this cannot be for two reasons. One, astronomers can calculate past events, and there were no solar eclipses near the time of Jesus’ crucifixion. Two, solar eclipses do not last three hours—not even close. This was a supernatural event. It was a sign from heaven. 

And what did the three hours of darkness signify? It communicated that Jesus was no mere man, but was from heaven. It signified that something momentous was happening—things in heaven and on earth were being shaken. It signified that something dark was happening—the Son of God had been unjustly condemned and crucified. And we know that the sins of those who were given to Christ by the Father in eternity were at this time laid upon him so that he could atone for them. As the Apostle says, “For our sake [God] made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God” (2 Corinthians 5:21, ESV). Christ Jesus took our sins upon himself and atoned for them through his shed blood. He bore the wrath of God in our place. 

Luke does not record this saying of Jesus, but Matthew and Mark do. “Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land until the ninth hour. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried out with a loud voice, saying, ‘Eli, Eli, lema sabachthani?’ that is, ‘My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?’” (Matthew 27:45–46, ESV). What does it mean that Christ was forsaken by God? It must have to do with the atonement or propitiation that he made for our sins. It must have to do with the fact that he bore God’s wrath in our place. Did God utterly forsake Christ? Well, no. God upheld him and raised him up on the third day. But the man Jesus did feel forsaken as he took upon himself the full weight and guilt of every sin committed by every one of his elect in every age to pay the price for them. Yes, the physical pain that Jesus endured was great—it must have hurt terribly to be beaten and whipped, to have a crown of thorns pressed down onto his head, to have nails driven through his hands and feet, and to hang on that cross for hours. But I believe the anguish Christ felt in his soul was greater (Isaiah 53:11), as he bore the sins of many on that tree (Isaiah 53:12).

As it pertains to this event being momentous, the darkness was a sign that the last days (the days of the New Covenant) had arrived and that the former days (the days of the Old Covenant) had come to an end. Amos 8, which was written over 700 years before the birth of Christ, is a key text. There, the LORD declared through the prophet that, “The end has come upon my people Israel” (Amos 8:2, ESV). When would this be? When would the end come upon Old Covenant Israel?  In verse 9, we read, “‘And on that day,’ declares the Lord GOD, ‘I will make the sun go down at noon and darken the earth in broad daylight. I will turn your feasts into mourning and all your songs into lamentation; I will bring sackcloth on every waist and baldness on every head; I will make it like the mourning for an only son and the end of it like a bitter day’” (Amos 8:9–10, ESV). When darkness covered the earth from noon til 3:00 PM, it was to fulfill this prophecy and to show that the end of Old Covenant Israel had come. The members of the Sanhedrin and most of the Jewish people would have been familiar with this prophecy, and others like it (Joel 2:1-2, 10, 30-32). They must have seen it as ominous. 

The second sign that Luke mentions is found in verse 45: “And the curtain of the temple was torn in two” (Luke 23:45, ESV). Matthew and Mark add this detail: “…from top to bottom” (Mark 15:38, ESV). Matthew tells us that “the earth shook, and the rocks were split” (Matthew 27:51, ESV) (see Joel 2:10). So, a lot was happening as Jesus hung on the cross. And all of these occurrences, perfectly timed by the providence of God, communicated things about Jesus and his death. 

What did the tearing (from top to bottom) of that gigantic curtain, which separated the Holy Place from the Most Holy Place in the temple, communicate? Two things: One, it communicated that God was done with that Old Covenant Temple, its priesthood, and its sacrifices. Jesus, it must be remembered, predicted the destruction of the Temple (Luke 21:5-9). It would be destroyed in the year 70 AD in fulfillment of the prophecies uttered by Jesus. The tearing of the curtain from top to bottom was a precursor. It was a sign that the Old Covenant order was soon to pass away. Two, the tearing of the curtain from top to bottom was a sign that God had opened up the way into his presence, that is to say, into the heavenly Holy of Holies, through the death of Jesus. The Holy of Holies of the Old Covenant temple symbolized heaven. No one except the high priest could enter that portion of the temple, and only once a year, having been cleansed with washings and with animal blood. This communicated that the way into God’s presence had not yet been opened up fully. Sinners were kept at a distance. But through the death of Christ, the way into heaven was opened up. This is also what the tearing of the curtain in the temple signified. Think of it, God could have sent another sign to communicate that he was done with the Old Covenant temple and its order. An earthquake could have damaged the walls or knocked over one of its lavers, etc. But by rending the curtain that separated the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies, God also communicated that Jesus the Messiah, through his death, had opened up the way into the very presence of God in heaven. 

You might recall that the Apostle comes to the same conclusion, saying, in Hebrews 10:19, “Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the holy places by the blood of Jesus, by the new and living way that he opened for us through the curtain, that is, through his flesh, and since we have a great priest over the house of God, let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, with our hearts sprinkled clean from an evil conscience and our bodies washed with pure water. Let us hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering, for he who promised is faithful” (Hebrews 10:19–23, ESV).

When Jesus hung on that cross and died, God spoke from heaven concerning him. He did not speak with words, but with signs and wonders. Those who were familiar with the Old Testament Scriptures should have known exactly what these signs meant. But even the Gentiles who knew not the Scriptures could understand that God was speaking through these signs. They could comprehend that Jesus was no mere man, but was from heaven, and that something momentous was taking place.   

Words Spoken By Sinners On Earth

This brings us to the second portion of this sermon, wherein we will consider the words spoken by sinners on earth. 

First, consider the words uttered by a Roman centurion. A centurion was a commander of about 100 men in the Roman army. This man was no ordinary soldier, therefore, but was likely over the soldiers tasked with carrying out these three crucifixions on this day. When he witnessed the signs and wonders, and after Jesus breathed his last breath, Luke tells us that the centurion “praised God, saying, ‘Certainly this man was innocent!’” (Luke 23:47, ESV). Was this profession of faith in Jesus as the Messiah? Did this centaurian turn from his sins and confess Jesus as Lord? I cannot say for sure. But one thing is clear. Based upon what he observed—the signs and wonders and Jesus’ conduct on the cross—this centurion was convinced of Jesus’ innocence. 

Three things intrigue me about this centurion. One, Luke tells us that he praised, or gave glory to, God. I wonder what he did to indicate this? Did he fall to his knees? Did he lift his hands to heaven? Did he cry aloud? Whatever he did, it was clear that he gave glory to God. Two, I wonder how Luke knew about this centurion’s confession? I can see two possibilities. Perhaps this man cried aloud so that the bystanders could hear him, and then, word spread. Or perhaps this centurion did become a follower of Jesus, and his confession at the foot of the cross was reported within the churches. The third thing that intrigues me about this centurion is recorded in Matthew and Mark. He not only confessed that Jesus was innocent, but that he was the Son of God, Matthew 27:54 says, “When the centurion and those who were with him, keeping watch over Jesus, saw the earthquake and what took place, they were filled with awe and said, ‘Truly this was the Son of God!’” (Matthew 27:54, ESV). Mark puts it this way: “And when the centurion, who stood facing him, saw that in this way he breathed his last, he said, ‘Truly this man was the Son of God!’” (Mark 15:39, ESV). 

Secondly, consider what the multitudes who witnessed this spectacle said about Jesus’ crucifixion. Verse 48: “And all the crowds that had assembled for this spectacle, when they saw what had taken place, returned home beating their breasts” (Luke 23:48, ESV). This means they grieved, openly mourned, and perhaps even repented over the injustice that they saw. This fulfilled the prophecy of Zechariah 12:10. The LORD spoke through Zechariah the prophet over 500 years before Jesus was born, saying, “I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn” (Zechariah 12:1, 10, ESV). What a marvelous prophecy this is. Did you catch it? It was the LORD (YHWH) who said, when the people “look on me, on him whom they have pierced…” Whom did they pierce? They pierced the LORD (YHWH), the Son of God incarnate? And what would the people do? They would grieve and mourn. And how would they mourn? “[A]s one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn.” Indeed, the multitudes who witnessed the crucifixion of Jesus did mourn over the crucifixion of YHWH, particularly, the crucifixion of the only and eternally begotten Son of God.

Thirdly, consider what the acquaintances of Jesus said, not with their words, but by their actions. Verse 49: “And all his acquaintances and the women who had followed him from Galilee stood at a distance watching these things” (Luke 23:49, ESV). This communicated two things: interest and uncertainty. I do believe this fulfills what was said by King David, who was a type of the Christ to come. In Psalm 31:1, he said, “Because of all my adversaries I have become a reproach, especially to my neighbors, and an object of dread to my acquaintances; those who see me in the street flee from me” (Psalm 31:11, ESV). And in Psalm 38:11, David says, “My friends and companions stand aloof from my plague, and my nearest kin stand far off” (Psalm 38:11, ESV). Yes, Jesus’ true friends and close acquaintances would, after his resurrection, draw near to him. But when Jesus was crucified, most of them stood afar off in horror, dread, and despair. They did not know what to think or do at this time. It would take the resurrection of Jesus to open their eyes to God’s plan of redemption. 

So then, when we consider the words of sinners on earth, we observe three things: One, it is the most unlikely of people who give glory to God, confess that Jesus was innocent, and that he was the Son of God—a Roman centurion (and some of his fellow soldiers). This anticipates the advancement of the kingdom of God amongst the most unlikely of people, namely, the Gentiles. Two, even the multitudes could see that a great injustice had been committed. They came to see a spectacle, and they went home beating their chests in mourning and grief. This anticipates the great success of the gospel of Jesus Christ amongst the Jews in the earliest days of the church. On the day of Pentecost and shortly thereafter, thousands of Jews would be cut to the heart and brought to repentance and faith in Jesus through the preaching of the gospel (Acts 2:37). Three, when Luke tells us that the close acquaintances of Jesus stood afar off, it anticipates their sorrow and uncertainty between Jesus’ crucificion and resurrection on the third day. These disciples of Jesus were despondent. They would have to be convinced that Jesus was the Son of God and Messiah by nothing less than his resurrection from the dead.  

Words Spoken By Jesus From The Cross

We have considered words spoken by God from heaven and words spoken by sinners from on earth. Let us now consider, briefly, the words spoken by Jesus from the cross. Luke reports only these (verse 46): “Then Jesus, calling out with a loud voice, said, ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!’ And having said this he breathed his last” (Luke 23:46, ESV).

When Jesus committed his spirit into God’s hands, he was entrusting God with his human soul, or life. When a human being dies, his body is laid in the grave to decay, but his soul lives on, and so it was with Jesus’ human soul. He, the eternal Son of God, assumed a human nature. He has a human body and a human soul. And immediately before his physical death, he committed his soul to God the Father, saying, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” 

In this act, Christ teaches us what we must do when our death draws near. We, too, must commit our spirits or souls into the care of our Father in heaven. This is what Steven, the first martyr of the church, did before he died. “And as they were stoning Stephen, he called out, ‘Lord Jesus, receive my spirit” (Acts 7:59, ESV). Isn’t it interesting that Steven cried out to the Lord Jesus? Why? It is only because Jesus has died and risen again that we may have confidence to be received by God in heaven when we die. We will be received by God in heaven because of Jesus. Our souls will enter heaven because he has opened up the way through his shed blood and his victorious resurrection. God the Father kept Jesus. He did not abandon Jesus’ soul to Sheol, or allow his body to see corruption or decay (see Psalm 16:10). And it is because God the Father kept Jesus, body and soul, that we may have confidence that he will keep us too, if we are united to Jesus by faith. And so, we should pray the prayer of Jesus every day, and especially as the day of our death draws near, saying, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” 

Conclusion

I’ll move this sermon toward a conclusion now by making a few brief suggestions for application. 

First, as you consider the words spoken by God from heaven through the signs and wonders he performed, consider the greatness of Christ, the supreme significance of the crucifixion of Christ, and what was accomplished there on that cross, and respond accordingly. 

Consider the greatness of Jesus. He, being the eternal Son of God, came down from heaven. He suffered and died for us and for our salvation. Consider the greatness of his person and the greatness of his love. Oh, what love Christ has shown to sinners! What mercy and grace! How can we not respond to his love with love? How could we not worship and adore him, and out of gratitude for what he has done, seek to obey him from this day forward?     

Consider also the momentousness of that event. A New Covenant was established by Christ when he died and rose again; his eternal kingdom began; and a new creation was ushered in. All of this was accomplished through the suffering and death of the Son of God on the cross. That old wooden cross was a tree of death for Jesus, but it is a tree of life for us (see Galatians 3:13-14). If we wish to have the promised blessings of the New Covenant, be citizens in Christ’s eternal kingdom, and taste the goodness of the new creation, we must be found in Christ, united to him by faith. If you have not yet done so, you must turn from your sins and trust in Jesus today. If you have faith in Jesus, you must abide in him. 

And as you contemplate the darkness that covered the land when Jesus hung on that cross, consider how awful the crucifixion of Jesus was. Yes, he suffered physically, but he suffered in his soul more. Do not forget that he who knew no sin became sin on that cross. Do not forget that Christ took the sins of all who believe in him upon himself to pay the full penalty and to bear God’s wrath in our place. As we consider this, we should be moved to love Jesus more and to cling ever more tightly to him. 

Secondly, as you contemplate the words spoken by sinners on earth as Christ hung on the cross, I pray that you would be moved to draw near to Jesus and to give God glory for Christ and the cross. It will do you no good to stand afar off from Jesus and to merely contemplate him; it will do you no good to walk away from the spectacle of the cross, grieving over the injustices perpetrated there. No, to benefit from the work Jesus has done, you must draw near to him. You must turn from your sins, come to the foot of the cross, and trust Jesus, giving God all glory, honor, and praise. You and I are not innocent, but Christ, the innocent one, died in our place. I pray that you would comprehend God’s plan of redemption and draw near to Jesus, trusting in him, for the forgiveness of your sins. 

Thirdly, and finally, as you contemplate the words spoken by Jesus from the cross — “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit!” — I pray that you would do the same day by day, and especially when the day of your death draws near. Dear friends, we must commit our souls into the care of our Father in heaven. And the only reason we can do this with confidence is that Jesus Christ, the eternally begotten Son of God, has died for us and for our salvation, and rose again on the third day, securing for us right standing before God and the hope of life everlasting.  

Old Testament Reading: Isaiah 53 

“Who has believed what he has heard from us? And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed? For he grew up before him like a young plant, and like a root out of dry ground; he had no form or majesty that we should look at him, and no beauty that we should desire him. He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows and acquainted with grief; and as one from whom men hide their faces he was despised, and we esteemed him not. Surely he has borne our griefs and carried our sorrows; yet we esteemed him stricken, smitten by God, and afflicted. But he was pierced for our transgressions; he was crushed for our iniquities; upon him was the chastisement that brought us peace, and with his wounds we are healed. All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned—every one—to his own way; and the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all. He was oppressed, and he was afflicted, yet he opened not his mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and like a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he opened not his mouth. By oppression and judgment he was taken away; and as for his generation, who considered that he was cut off out of the land of the living, stricken for the transgression of my people? And they made his grave with the wicked and with a rich man in his death, although he had done no violence, and there was no deceit in his mouth. Yet it was the will of the LORD to crush him; he has put him to grief; when his soul makes an offering for guilt, he shall see his offspring; he shall prolong his days; the will of the LORD shall prosper in his hand. Out of the anguish of his soul he shall see and be satisfied; by his knowledge shall the righteous one, my servant, make many to be accounted righteous, and he shall bear their iniquities. Therefore I will divide him a portion with the many, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong, because he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors.” (Isaiah 53, ESV)

New Testament Reading: Luke 23:26-43

“And as they led him away, they seized one Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it behind Jesus. And there followed him a great multitude of the people and of women who were mourning and lamenting for him. But turning to them Jesus said, ‘Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’ Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us.’ For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?’ Two others, who were criminals, were led away to be put to death with him. And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. And Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.’ And they cast lots to divide his garments. And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, ‘He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!’ The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine and saying, ‘If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!’ There was also an inscription over him, ‘This is the King of the Jews.’ One of the criminals who were hanged railed at him, saying, ‘Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!’ But the other rebuked him, saying, ‘Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.’ And he said, ‘Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.’ And he said to him, ‘Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise.’” (Luke 23:26–43, ESV)

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Please excuse any typos and misspellings within this manuscript. It has been published online for the benefit of the saints of Emmaus Reformed Baptist Church, but without the benefit of proofreading.

Sermon

One way to describe Jesus’s incarnation and his messianic ministry on earth is as a descent. Jesus is the eternal Word or Son of God. He is the eternally begotten Son, of the same essence as the Father and the Spirit. He is God Most High, the creator of heaven and earth. He is the LORD who “looks down from heaven; he sees all the children of man; from where he sits enthroned he looks out on all the inhabitants of the earth…” (Psalm 33:13–14, ESV). And yet, “for us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven; by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake, he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried.” His souls descended to Sheol.  

To be clear, when the Son of God “became” incarnate, he did not cease to be God. He became what he was not without ceasing to be what he always was! Furthermore, the person of the eternal Son did not vacate heaven to “come down” to earth. The eternally begotten Son did not cease to proceed from the Father or to, with the Father, breathe forth the Spirit. No change whatsoever took place within the Godhead when the eternally generated Son of the Father “came down for us and for our salvation.” Dear friends, it is one of the most fundamental truths of our religion that in the Triune God, there is no variation or shadow due to change (James 1:17). This is not the time to deliver to you detailed teaching on the immutability or unchangableness of God, but I will remind you that we confess it is true. God cannot change (see Second London Confession, 2.1). That fundamental truth must be remembered when we speak of the eternally begotten Son of God “becoming” incarnate and “coming down” for us and for our salvation. Whatever this means, it cannot mean that the Triune God changed.  

That said, we may speak of the incarnation of the Son as a descent. He descended (if you will) from on high. He assumed a human nature by being born of a woman, and that in a low condition. He suffered the miseries of this life. And at the end of his life, he was betrayed, apprehended, denied, falsely accused, mocked, beaten, and spat upon, before suffering the most horrendous of deaths—death via crucifixion. After death, his body descended to the grave and his soul to Sheol. And with this, his descent, for us and for our salvation, was complete. 

Today, we consider the last few steps of Jesus’ descent into the darkness of death. When you read Luke’s Gospel, it does feel like you are walking down steps—one, two, three, four, five. There is a rapid pace to this portion of Luke’s Gospel. Three times, Pilate declared that Jesus was innocent and not deserving of death. The Jews were insistent. They wanted Jesus dead, so “they kept shouting, ‘Crucify, crucify him!’” (Luke 23:21, ESV), until Pilate gave in to their demands and “delivered Jesus over to their will” (Luke 23:25, ESV). From here, Jesus is crucified, quickly completing his descent into the darkness of death. 

Here in our text, Luke presents us with several facts about Jesus’ crucifixion. They are presented in rapid-fire succession. I’m usually not one for alliteration, but five “P’s” did occur to me. In this text, we encounter a picture, a prophecy, a prayer, a placard, and a promise. 

The theme that ties these events together is that Jesus was numbered with the transgressors in his death. Jesus did not simply die. He did not die of old age. He did not die of illness. He did not die a violent death in isolation. No, he died the death of a vile sinner. He died, being numbered among criminals and transgressors. It had to be this way to fulfill prophecy. And this was a fitting way for him to die, for he died as a substitute for sinners, the righteous for the unrighteous. Not only did the Old Testament Scriptures predict this, but so did Jesus. In Luke 22:37, we heard him say, “For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in me: ‘And he was numbered with the transgressors.’ For what is written about me has its fulfillment.’” (Luke 22:37, ESV)

A Picture

First, we find a picture. In the story of Simon of Cyrene, we see a picture of the obligation (and privilege) that disciples of Jesus have to identify with Christ in his suffering and to take up their cross and follow him. 

Where were the twelve disciples of Jesus at this moment in time? They were nowhere to be found (at least they do not appear in the narrative as being closely aligned with Jesus). But when the Romans led Jesus away to crucify him, they seized a man named “Simon of Cyrene, who was coming in from the country, and laid on him the cross, to carry it behind Jesus” (Luke 23:26, ESV).

The Romans would typically make their condemned criminals carry their own crosses to the place where they would be crucified. The point was to make a public spectacle of them to humiliate the criminal and to warn others that the same would happen to them should they commit the same crime. It was like a parade of sorts—a horrifyingly bloody parade. 

Jesus’ body was likely too exhausted from the beatings he had already endured. He had been brutally beaten and whipped by the soldiers of Herod and Pilate. So brutal was the treatment Jesus endured, he did not have the strength to carry his cross, at least not alone. And so this man (we do not know anything about him) was compelled to carry Jesus’ cross (or to help Jesus carry it). 

This is a picture of what those who follow Jesus must do. Where were the twelve disciples? They are not mentioned. Perhaps some of them were watching this spectacle from a distance. If they saw Simon of Cyrene helping Jesus with his cross, they must have thought, That should be me. Peter, it must be remembered, said that he was willing to go to prison or even to death with Jesus, but he betrayed him (Luke 22:31-34). It is not Simon Peter who carried Jesus’ cross, but a stranger— a man named Simon of Cyrene. What a shame. Especially given what Christ had said to his disciples earlier: “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me” (Mark 8:34, ESV). 

To be clear, Jesus’ disciples cannot carry the exact same cross that Jesus carried. We cannot walk the road that he walked or die the death that he died. Only he could die to atone for the sins of his people and to reconcile us to God, for he is the Son of God incarnate, and we are not. He is  the Savior God has anointed, and we are not.. But we must take up whatever cross Christ has for us and identify with Christ in his sufferings if we wish to follow after him. 

When Simon of Cyrene was forced to help Jesus carry his cross, it is a picture of that reality. 

A Prophesy

Secondly, we find a prophecy. In Luke 23:27, we read, “And there followed him a great multitude of the people and of women who were mourning and lamenting for him” (Luke 23:27, ESV). This, by the way, was a very bold and courageous thing to do. The Romans would permit spectators to openly mourn over condemned criminals, but the Jews would allow no such thing (see John Gill’s commentary). The Jews would allow spectators to grieve inwardly, but not to mourn openly over the condemned, for such displays of grief would communicate dissatisfaction with the judgments of the rulers and with the sentence they pronounced. Notice, Luke tells us that the women were mourning. It was the women who drew near to Jesus in his suffering. It was the women who were courageous. 

The prophecy is found in verses 28-31. “But turning to them Jesus said, ‘Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me, but weep for yourselves and for your children. For behold, the days are coming when they will say, ‘Blessed are the barren and the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’ Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us.’ For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?’” (Luke 23:28–31, ESV).

When Jesus spoke to the women of Jerusalem, saying, “Do not weep for me”, it was to indicate that he went to the cross willingly and for a purpose. Though it appeared otherwise, Jesus’ life was not taken from him. He laid it down willingly. This he clearly expressed, saying, “For this reason the Father loves me, because I lay down my life that I may take it up again. No one takes it from me, but I lay it down of my own accord. I have authority to lay it down, and I have authority to take it up again. This charge I have received from my Father” (John 10:17–18, ESV).

When Jesus spoke to the women of Jerusalem, saying, “but weep for yourselves and for your children”, etc., he spoke of the horrors that would soon come upon the city of Jerusalem. Jesus had already announced that the city and temple would be destroyed (Luke 21:5-9, 20-24). And we know that the city and temple were destroyed by the Romans in the year 70 AD in fulfillment of what Christ had said. The Jewish historian, Josephus, describes the horrors that took place within the city when the Romans besieged and conquered it. It is not difficult to see why Christ said that mothers would in those days wish they had never given birth, for that would have been better than to witness the suffering and death of their little ones.

When Jesus said, “Then they will begin to say to the mountains, ‘Fall on us,’ and to the hills, ‘Cover us’”, it was to indicate that in those days, the inhabitants of the city would rather have the mountains and hills fall on them to crush them rather than die at the hands of their enemies, the Romans. 

And finally, when Jesus said, “For if they do these things when the wood is green, what will happen when it is dry?”, he meant, if the Romans treat an innocent man this way (a green tree is a symbol of a righteous man), how do you think they will treat those who are wicked and unruly? They will show no mercy. 

When Jesus went to the cross, his heart was for his people. He continued to warn them to flee from the wrath that was sure to come. Don’t weep for me, he said. Weep for yourselves, that is to say, for unbelieving Israel! For now that the Messiah had come and was soon to be crucified, and now that the New Covenant had come, and the Old was about to pass away, judgment was soon to fall upon Israel. The city of Jerusalem would be destroyed, and the temple would be torn to the ground, not one stone would be left standing upon another (see Luke 21:6). Notice the boldness of Jesus. Notice that he did not behave like a victim, but continued to declare the Word of God all the way to Calvary. And his prophetic words came true! 

We must listen to Jesus the Prophet, for his words are truth. 

A Prayer

Thirdly, we find a prayer. In verse 32, we read, “Two others, who were criminals, were led away to be put to death with him. And when they came to the place that is called The Skull, there they crucified him, and the criminals, one on his right and one on his left. And Jesus said, ‘Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.’ And they cast lots to divide his garments.” (Luke 23:32–34, ESV)

Jesus did not die alone. Two criminals were crucified with him that day. Perhaps these two were associated with Barabus, the insurrectionist and murderer who was set free. Interestingly, Barabus’ name means son of the father. So then, in the providence of God, Barabus, the guilty son of the father, was set free, and Jesus, the innocent Son of the Father, was hung on the cross that was intended for him. As I have said, Jesus was numbered with the transgressors in fulfillment of ancient prophecy . He was numbered with the transgressors because he died in the place of sinners to make them righteous in God’s sight. As God said through the prophet Isaiah, “he poured out his soul to death and was numbered with the transgressors; yet he bore the sin of many, and makes intercession for the transgressors” (Isaiah 53:12, ESV).

Listen to what Jesus said when Roman soldiers drove the nails through his hands and feet to pin him to that tree of death, which is also the tree of life: “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34, ESV). Do you see what Jesus did when he was numbered with the transgressors in his death? He made intercession for them. He prayed to the Father and requested that God would show them mercy. “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.”

Now, there is no reason to think that this was a prayer that God would save them from all their sins or that Jesus was here interceding for these Roman soldiers as their Savior and great High Priest. Who knows, perhaps these men did come to faith and repentance. Perhaps we will see them in heaven someday. Here is what we know for sure. As these soldiers drove the nails through the hands and feet of the person of the eternally begotten Son of God, he requested that the Father forgive them for this horrible deed, for they were ignorant of what it was they were doing. No doubt, these men had crucified many. It was their job (and what a terrible job it was). On this day, they thought they were simply doing their duty as soldiers under Pilate’s command. All sin is sin. But sins committed in ignorance are less heinous than sins committed knowingly and willingly. It was the Sanhedrin who had the greater sin (John 19:11), and so the wrath of God would soon be poured out on them (Luke 23:28-30).

What did Jesus do in the moment of his greatest suffering? What did he do in his agony? He interceded on behalf of others before God. And in this way, he showed what the cross really was. It was an instrument, not only of death, but of intercession and of life. It was through the cross that Jesus would bring sinners to God. It was through the cross that forgiveness of sins would be granted. It was through the cross that the mercy and grace of God would be extended to guilty, vile sinners. When Jesus interceded in prayer for those who drove the nails through his hands and feet, it was a demonstration of these precious truths. 

We must trust in Jesus the great High Priest if we wish to be reconciled to God through him. 

A Placard

Fourthly, we find a placard, that is to say, a sign.  In verse 34b, we read, “And they cast lots to divide his garments” (Luke 23:34, ESV). This means they played a game to see who would get his clothing. This was to fulfill Psalm 22:16-18 —a Psalm of King David, written a thousand years before the birth of Christ—which says, “For dogs encompass me; a company of evildoers encircles me; they have pierced my hands and feet— I can count all my bones— they stare and gloat over me; they divide my garments among them, and for my clothing they cast lots” (Psalm 22:16–18, ESV).

In verse 35, we read, “And the people stood by, watching, but the rulers scoffed at him, saying, ‘He saved others; let him save himself, if he is the Christ of God, his Chosen One!’” (Luke 23:35, ESV). This was to fulfil Psalm 22:6-8, which says, “But I am a worm and not a man, scorned by mankind and despised by the people. All who see me mock me; they make mouths at me; they wag their heads; ‘He trusts in the LORD; let him deliver him; let him rescue him, for he delights in him!’” (Psalm 22:6–8, ESV).

In verse 36, we read, “The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine and saying, ‘If you are the King of the Jews, save yourself!” (Luke 23:36–37, ESV).” This was to fulfill another Psalm of David—Psalm 69:20-21—which says, “Reproaches have broken my heart, so that I am in despair. I looked for pity, but there was none, and for comforters, but I found none. They gave me poison for food, and for my thirst they gave me sour wine to drink” (Psalm 69:20–21, ESV).

It’s in verse 38 that we find the placard: “There was also an inscription over him, ‘This is the King of the Jews’” (Luke 23:38, ESV). It was Pilate who had that sign made and placed above the head of Jesus. It should not surprise us that crucified criminals would have signs like this hung above their heads to communicate what they had done to deserve death. It was true, Jesus was crucified because he claimed to be the king of the Jews. Pilate did not view Jesus as a threat, but he rulers of the Jews did, and so they insisted on his crucifixion. In John’s gospel, we learn that the Jews were upset with what Pilate had written. In John 19:21, we read, “So the chief priests of the Jews said to Pilate, ‘Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews,’ but rather, ‘This man said, I am King of the Jews.’ Pilate answered, ‘What I have written I have written’” (John 19:22, ESV).

Perhaps the placard that was placed above the head of Jesus was meant to mock him. Perhaps it was meant to get under the skin of the Sanhedrin. One thing it was not intended to do was to communicate the truth concerning Jesus, and yet, ironically, that is what it did. Jesus Christ is the King of The Jews. He is the son who was promised to King David—a son whose kingdom will never come to an end (2 Samuel 7:12-14) . He is the son of David, who is also David’s Lord (Psalm 110). The sign spoke the truth! Jesus is the King of the Jews, the Messiah, the Lord’s Anointed One. More than this, Jesus is the King of kings and the Lord of lords (Revelation 19:16). 

We must bow the knee to King Jesus if we hope to be saved by him. 

A Promise

We have considered a picture, a prophecy, a prayer, and a placard. Now, let us consider a promise. In verse 39 we read, “One of the criminals who were hanged railed at him, saying, ‘Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us!’” This, friends, is what unregenerate men will do when they suffer affliction, and especially when they draw near to death. They will sometimes rail against God and Christ. Verse 40: “But the other rebuked him, saying, ‘Do you not fear God, since you are under the same sentence of condemnation? And we indeed justly, for we are receiving the due reward of our deeds; but this man has done nothing wrong.’ And he said, ‘Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.’” And here is the promise. “And [Jesus] said to him, ‘Truly, I say to you, today you will be with me in paradise’” (Luke 23:39–43, ESV). The promise is that all who come to Jesus in repentance and faith, as this poor sinner did, will have their sins forgiven and the sure hope of life everlasting.

Notice a few things about this text. 

One, this man was a heinous sinner, and Christ promised him life everlasting. No one is outside of God’s reach. No sin is so great that it cannot be forgiven by the blood of Jesus. “Everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord shall be saved” (Acts 2:21, ESV).

Two, this man repented and called out to Jesus in faith at the very end of his life—he would die only a short time after this—and yet he was saved by Jesus. Friends, do not be so foolish as to wait to turn from your sins and to Jesus. Who knows if God will grant you the opportunity to repent and believe in the last hour? But notice, men can be saved in the last hour of their lives. This is why we should visit those who are sick and dying and preach the Gospel to them. Who knows if God will show mercy?      

Three, notice that this man was not baptized, received into a church, or invited to the Lord’s Table, and yet he was saved. Ordinarily, those who repent and believe in Jesus will be baptized, received into a church, wherein they will be taught to observe all that Christ commanded (Matthew 28:18-20), but it is Christ Jesus who saves, and not baptism, the church, or the Lord’s Supper, and this salvation is received by faith alone. 

Four, this guilty criminal made a wonderful profession of faith. He confessed Jesus as Lord and showed that he believed God would raise him from the dead (Romans 10:9). He said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom” (Luke 23:42, ESV). When he confessed that Jesus would soon come into his kingdom, he acknowledged, one, that Jesus is Lord or King of this kingdom, and two, that Jesus, though he would surely die on that cross, would live again to rule and reign within it. I do wonder who this criminal was and how he knew these things, but one thing is sure: he made a wonderful profession of faith as he hung on that cross. 

Five, Jesus promised the man that he would be with him in paradise on that very day. Paradise was the place of comfort within Sheol or Hades. It is sometimes called Abraham’s bosom. Once Jesus died, his body would be put in the grave, and his soul would descend to paradise (within Sheol or Hades), and the soul of this thief would be there too to be comforted by Christ Jesus the Lord. On the third day, Jesus would be raised from the dead bodily, and he would lead the host of captives from paradise to usher them into the heavenly Holy of Holies. Think of it. The soul of this thief on the cross is there even to this present day. There, he enjoys the blessed presence of God and the fellowship of all the saints made perfect through the shed blood of Jesus Christ our Savior. That thief on the cross had a front row seat to the accomplishment of our redemption through the cross of Christ. 

Conclusion

The eternal Son of God descended for us and for our salvation. He took to himself a true human nature, body, and soul. And being numbered with the transgressors, he suffered and died for us to bear the sins of many. Friends, Jesus is a wonderful Savior. But he will not benefit you at all if you are not united to him by faith. You must turn from your sins, trust in him, confess him as Lord, believing in your heart that God raised him from the dead. If you are united to Christ by faith, then you may rest assured that Christ died for you and in your place. But if you are not united to Christ by faith, you are still in your sins, and you will pay the penalty yourself. “For the wages of sin is death”, the Scriptures say, “but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23, ESV). May the Lord grant you repentance and faith today. If you are united to Christ by faith, may he strengthen then the faith you have.